共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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植物线虫(Plant Nematodes)是一类重要的植物病原生物,其独特的发生危害规律和生物学特性而有别于真菌、细菌、病毒,其对植物的危害表现在掠夺寄主植物营养,取食活动所造成的机械损伤,伤口不仅为真菌、细菌等病原物的侵入提供了侵染途径,而且能引起寄主本身的生理变化,削弱 相似文献
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为水葫芦生物炭作为土壤改良剂提供依据,以水葫芦生物质为原料,在200~400℃之间进行炭化制备成水葫芦生物炭,探讨热解温度对水葫芦生物炭的理化特性和养分含量的影响。结果表明:产率随着热解温度的升高而降低,pH随热解温度的升高而升高,全氮随着热解温度的升高先升高后降,全磷、全钾和速效钾随着热解温度的升高而增加,水解性氮和有效磷随着热解温度的升高而降低。较高的热解温度在一定程度上富集了NPK养分,但降低了NP的有效性。水葫芦生物炭呈碱性且含有一定的营养元素,可作为一种较好的酸性土壤改良剂。 相似文献
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水葫芦生物降解动力学实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以富含纤维素的水葫芦粉末为发酵底物,经驯化的厌氧污泥为接种物,在中温条件下(34℃)进行了探索性实验。计算了序批式厌氧发酵过程的主要生物动力学参数。给出了发酵过程的比基质利用常数K=0.058d-1和基于底物投料量P(以VSS计,g/L)与接种污泥量X(以MLVSS计,g/L)的水解速率方程r=1.40P+20.07X-53.74。实验中测定所产生物气中最高甲烷含量为59%。 相似文献
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《精细与专用化学品》2009,(24):7-7
浙江大学能源清洁利用国家重点实验室的课题组研究了微波联合碱对水葫芦降解和糖化的影响规律,包括微波加热时间、功率以及碱用量等。这项研究发现.在微波联合碱作用下。水葫芦有机成分包括纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和蛋白质等都发生不同程度的降解,再经过纤维素酶作用后水解生成大量葡萄糖和术糖, 相似文献
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文章利用水葫芦叶固有鲜亮绿色富含叶绿素这一特性,在最佳工艺条件下提取叶绿素来制备营养保湿面膜膏。以较简单的配方为原则,选择在面膜膏中应用较为广泛的原料进行叶绿素面膜膏的试制。通过正交实验,找出一个具有最佳面膜膏的基础配方来调配面膜膏,并对该产品的理化指标进行检测和产品使用效果进行评价。 相似文献
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2013年十月中旬信江月湖段水葫芦疯长,采用污染指数分析方法对总磷、总氮现状进行研究,结果表明:主要原因是上游企业含磷污水泄漏以及温度适宜等原因,针对信江月湖段水葫芦疯长的机理,建议通过改善区域水文条件,控制污染物排放等措施加以控制和治理。 相似文献
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降解水葫芦中纤维素的优良菌株的筛选 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在腐烂的水葫芦中利用刚果红平板染色法分离筛选具有产纤维素酶活性的四株菌株,通过考察其产纤维素酶活力及降解水葫芦的水平,从而筛选出一株产纤维素酶活较高同时能高效降解水葫芦的优良菌株D1。在降解水葫芦的过程中,CMC酶活最高为2.262μmol/min.mL,滤纸酶活最高为1.592μmol/min.mL。D1菌株发酵液中10天左右的还原糖质量浓度达到2.273 g/L,14天降解水葫芦达到39.13%。经初步鉴定该菌株为绿色木霉。 相似文献
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水葫芦的资源化利用,可以获得可观的能源。当前,水葫芦大量增长,对水葫芦资源化利用技术主要集中在厌氧发酵产沼气和制氢。这些技术取得了一些进展,但实际工程化应用较少。本文综述了水葫芦厌氧发酵技术研究进展并指明以后研究重点是如何提高这些技术的可行性与效率并达到工程化应用,减少水葫芦的危害。 相似文献
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以水葫芦纤维为原料,在乙醇、KOH碱性溶液中,以氯乙酸为醚化剂,制备了羧甲基化水葫芦纤维.并用FeCl3作交联剂,制得交联羧甲基化水葫芦纤维基吸水剂.通过FT-IR,SEM进行化学和表面结构表征、通过滴定法测定羧甲基纤维素的含量、通过称量法测定水葫芦基吸水剂在蒸馏水和典型的化肥液中的吸水率.考察了KOH、氯乙酸、交联剂用量以及反应温度对吸水率的影响,并进一步考察了水葫芦基吸水剂对土壤的保水性能.结果表明:水葫芦纤维、氯乙酸及KOH的适宜质量比为1∶1.25∶1.05;在60 ℃醚化2.0 h,接着在22℃用0.45 %(wt)的FeCl3(相对羧甲基化水葫芦纤维)交联,所得交联羧甲基化水葫芦纤维基吸水剂在蒸馏水中的吸水率可达78 mL·g-1,在弱电解质(尿素)溶液中的吸水率略有下降、而在强电解质(氯化钾和碳酸铵)溶液中的吸水率明显下降;含5%交联羧甲基化水葫芦纤维基吸水剂的泥土,其保水率明显提高. 相似文献
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《分离科学与技术》2012,47(10):1604-1612
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介绍南平市受外来入侵物种“水葫芦”破坏的水环境现状,分析造成危害的成因,指出水葫芦对生态、社会和人类生活带来的危害。提出了治理水葫芦的措施,以及综合防治水葫芦的对策和建议. 相似文献
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Aqueous Leachate of Lantana camara Kills Water Hyacinth 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Manjula K. Saxena 《Journal of chemical ecology》2000,26(10):2435-2447
Lantana camara, a terrestrial plant, was screened for allelopathic impact on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Water hyacinth was allowed to grow in experimental pots containing 3% aqueous leachate (w/v) of Lantana twigs. The leachate was allelopathic to the growth of water hyacinth, and killed water hyacinth after 21 days under the experimental conditions. Leachate concentrations from 1–3% of Lantana were highly toxic to water hyacinth plants. Leachate from young Lantana twigs with prickly orange, pink, and yellow flowers (multicolored) was more toxic than leachate from mature twigs. This study indicates the potential for utilization of terrestrial allelopathic species such as Lantana camara to suppress the growth of water hyacinth. 相似文献
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Junying Li Sheng Chen Cuihuan Li Mengyao Cao Jiahui Mu Haq Nawaz Zhe Ling Feng Xu 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(16)
Solar-driven steam generation for desalination is a facile, sustainable, and energy-saving approach to produce clean freshwater. However, the complicated fabrication process, high cost, potential environmental impact, and salt crystallization of conventional evaporators limit their large-scale application. Herein, we present a sustainable Janus evaporator based on a biopolymer sponge from the water hyacinth petiole (WHP) for high-performance solar steam generation. The freeze-dried WHP maintained its original porous structure and aligned channels well, and therefore holds the capability for rapid water transport due to strong capillary action. The WHP coated with carbon nanotubes/ethyl cellulose paste on its surface (WHP-C) gains a good photothermal property, thus achieving an efficient solar steam generation with a rate of 1.50 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun irradiation. Moreover, the WHP-C after hydrophobic modification by fluorocarbon (WHP-CH) is endowed with high water repellency and exhibits good salt resistance during long-term solar desalination. Additionally, we demonstrate that a stable wet surface that enables efficient water supply and vapor escape is also significant to the successive desalination of a solar evaporator. Our work provides new insights into the high-value utilization of biomass waste, i.e., water hyacinth, and the development of sustainable interfacial solar evaporators for the environmentally friendly production of freshwater. 相似文献
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The effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) modified water hyacinth fiber on properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE)/natural rubber (NR)/water hyacinth fiber (WHF) composites were investigated. The composites were prepared with Z-blade mixer at 180°C and rotor speed of 50 rpm. The poly(methyl methacrylate) modified water hyacinth fibers in LDPE/NR composites (LDPE/NR/WHF-PMMA) gave a greater value of tensile strength, Young's modulus, glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), and % crystallinity compared to unmodified water hyacinth fibers in LDPE/NR composites (LDPE/NR/WHF). FTIR analysis shows the presence of ester carbonyl group and C-O ester group in poly (methyl methacrylate) modified water hyacinth fiber. The SEM micrograph also shows a better interfacial adhesion between the fibers and LDPE/NR matrixes for LDPE/NR/WHF-PMMA composites than LDPE/NR/WHF composites. LDPE/NR/WHF-PMMA composites had a lower value of interparticle spacing compared to LDPE/NR/WHF composites thatenhanced the interparticle interaction between fiber and LDPE/NR matrixes. 相似文献