转轮式分级器切割粒径的预测模型

针对转轮式分离器,建立不同结构参数及操作参数下的切割粒径预测模型有助于指导其设计和运行。基于相似理论以及对颗粒分离过程的分析,提出一种考虑结构参数的半经验模型,确定了模型参数,并通过实验以及文献报道的数据验证了模型的可靠性。与前人工作相比,此模型在不同的转轮分离器结构下显示出较好的通用性;此外,模型可以复现切割粒径随叶轮转速增大而先减小后增大的非单调关系,这是原有的半理论模型不能实现的。对不同结构转轮分离器性能的系统分析表明,较大的分离器入口面积及较小的导流角度可确保入口产生强旋流气流,进而使切割粒径对转速的敏感段在低转速区;而较小的分离器入口面积,或较高的入口风速可以提高对细颗粒的分离能力。对运行参数的研究表明,增大颗粒流率会减小切割粒径;调整叶轮转速可以灵活地改变切割粒径,适应不同的工作需求。     

双出口旋风除尘器压损和分离效率的模拟研究

通过对新型双出口旋风除尘器在不同风量、不同粒径大小等条件下进行数值模拟分析,研究结果表明：双出口旋风除尘器进口风量越大,系统的流速越大,旋风除尘器的压差也越大,压力损失主要集中在旋风除尘器的入口至蜗壳处、除尘器上部以及旋切叶片与出风口连接处,当入口风速为13.21m/s时旋风除尘器压损为375Pa,当入口风速增加至26.42m/s时旋风除尘器压损为1 572Pa,即入口的风速增加一倍,旋风筒的压损增加三倍左右;双出口旋风筒入口流速与收尘效率呈正相关,入口流速越大,内部分离效率越高,收尘效率也越高,但阻力也随之增大,因此入口流速的选择应平衡效率和阻力的关系;粉尘颗粒粒径越大,越容易被捕集,当粉尘粒径<5μm时,很难被双出口旋风除尘器完全捕集下来。     

多效旋风分离器性能的实验研究

多效旋风分离器通过采用2级螺旋管预分离含尘气体、螺旋形顶盖板导流、筒体中心稳流锥稳流和吸气回流系统防止粉尘返混等措施,解决了在旋风流场中分离微米及亚微米级颗粒的难题。文中通过实验研究了直径为0.25 m的多效旋风分离器的压降、分离效率和进口风速的关系,实验物料粒径范围为0.1—23μm,平均粒径为7.59μm。结果表明:在10—14 m/s入口风速时,对0.1—3μm颗粒的分离效率大于90%,对大于5μm颗粒的分离效率接近100%,压降在500—1 000 Pa。风速大于16 m/s时,对0.1—2μm颗粒的分离效率大于75%。     

除油旋流器入口流量与基本性能的关系研究

对除油旋流器边壁的油滴粒径变化、旋流器的分离效率以及压力降与入口流量之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明 ,当入口流量达到一定程度时 ,旋流器边壁的平均粒径随入口流量的增加而降低 ,分离效率随入口流量的增加而增加。整个旋流器以及旋流器各段的压力降均与入口流量成指数关系 ,都随入口流量的增加而增加。在旋流器的压力损失中 ,进口、旋流腔及大锥段所占比例最大 ,且基本不随入口流量的变化而变化 ;小锥段次之 ,并随入口流量的增大而增大 ;直管段的压力损失所占的比例最小 ,它随入口流量的增大而不断降低。     

涡流空气分级机转笼结构对其分级性能的影响

摘要：研究了涡流空气分级机底盘开口与封闭两种型式的转笼对分级指标的影响。重质CaCO₃物料试验表明：采用底盘开口转笼时,切割粒径小,分级精度低;随着分级转速增加,切割粒径对风速的敏感性下降。另外,用激光多普勒测速计测量了上述两种转笼结构的分级机环形区的流场特性,结果表明：转笼底盘开口,环形区气流出现旁路,进入转笼径向风速减小,造成分级物料切割粒径减小;底盘封闭的分级机环形区内靠近转笼处,切向风速突变增大,特别是轴向上湍流度的增大,有利于团聚物料的分散和分级精度的提高。     

超重力湿法脱除气体中低浓度粉尘

以燃煤飞灰为实验粉尘,旋转填料床(RPB)为除尘设备,研究了超重力湿法脱除低浓度(200 mg/m3)粉尘的适宜条件,测定了分级效率;降低入口粉尘浓度考察了旋转填料床高效处理粉尘的浓度范围.结果表明,入口粉尘浓度为200 mg/m3时,在超重力因子163、气量400 m3/h、液量0.5 m3/h的条件下,除尘效率高达93.18%.超重力旋转填料床的切割粒径dc?0.08μm,粒径2.5μm的粉尘的脱除效率为95%?99.75%.入口粉尘浓度低至30 mg/m3时,除尘效率可达81.25%.     

复合喷动反应塔气固反应区内循环特性

对复合喷动烟气净化塔内气固二相流动特性进行了数值模拟,得到了塔内气固二相流动特性。通过与传统反应塔对比,分析了复合喷动反应塔内循环的形成机理和气固主反应区流场分布特性。在此基础上,针对该型反应塔的工艺参数进行了优化研究。由结果可知,复合喷动反应塔可在气固主反应区形成良好的内循环,合适的回流区可延长颗粒塔内停留时间,有效增强内循环。回流区大小随入口风速的提高先增大后减小,并在入口风速为25 m/s附近存在最大值。烟气净化塔内颗粒停留时间随入口风速和颗粒粒径的变化均呈先增大后减小趋势,分别在入口风速为25 m/s、颗粒粒径为500μm时达到最大值。     

VSK选粉机在水泥联合粉磨中的应用研究

<正>0引言目前,V型选粉机具有结构简单、使用可靠、检修方便等优点~([1]),被广泛应用于水泥联合粉磨或半终粉磨系统中。经过大量的使用实践表明,V型选粉机的分级效率虽高于之前常用的打散机,但由于其为静态分选,无分级转子,因而对物料分级切割粒径调整范围有限。V型选粉机的切割粒径主要通过调整分级区风速来控制,一般说来,理论计算的V型选粉     

旋流分离对天然气水合物除砂提纯的影响

针对固态流化开采方法开采海底天然气水合物含砂量大导致开采效率低的问题,提出原位分离工艺,设计了旋流分离装置,基于该装置利用CFD数值模拟方法研究了固相(砂和水合物颗粒)直径、入口浆体流量及浆体中砂浓度对装置分离性能的影响。结果表明,在研究范围内,砂和水合物分离效率大部分高于60%,最高达98.72%,压降大部分低于0.5 MPa,最低至0.03 MPa。砂粒分离效率随固相粒径增大先增大后趋于平稳,随浆体入口流量增大先增大后减小,随砂浓度增大而降低;水合物分离效率随固相粒径增大先增大后趋于平稳,随浆体入口流量增大先增大后减小,随砂浓度增大而降低。溢流口和底流口压降几乎不随固相粒径变化,随砂浓度和浆体入口流量增大而增大。固相粒径、入口流量、砂浓度对分离性能有较大影响,在砂粒径大于20 ?m、水合物粒径大于40 ?m、浆体入口流量约5 m3/h、入口砂浓度不超过25vol%的条件下分离性能良好。     

排污系统过滤器过滤效率影响因素分析

过滤器是一种实现固液分离的装置,可用于输气站场排污系统,以提高系统的运行寿命。为进一步提高过滤器的过滤效率,本研究运用Ansys Workbench软件对过滤器进行了建模,分析了入口速度、入口颗粒浓度和入口颗粒粒径对排污系统过滤器过滤效率的影响。结果表明,降低入口速度与入口颗粒浓度,增大颗粒粒径,过滤器过滤效率增大。结合模拟结果,建立了该过滤器过滤效率的预测模型,以指导生产现场的运行决策。     

Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology

A cyclone technology for a vacuum cleaner—axial inlet flow cyclone and the tangential inlet flow cyclone — to collect dusts efficiently and reduce pressure drop has been studied experimentally. The optimal design factors such as dust collection efficiency, pressure drop, and cut-size being the particle size corresponding to the fractional collection efficiency of 50% were investigated. The particle cut-size decreases with reduced inlet area, body diameter, and vortex finder diameter of the cyclone. The tangential inlet twin-flow cyclone has good performance taking into account the low pressure drop of 350 mmAq and the cut-size of 1.5 μm in mass median diameter at the flow rate of 1 m³/min. A vacuum cleaner using tangential inlet twin-flow cyclone shows the potential to be an effective method for collecting dusts generated in the household.     

Computational Investigation of an Industrial Cyclone Separator with Helical‐Roof Inlet

An industrial cyclone separator with helical‐roof inlet TsN‐11 has been numerically investigated as to pressure and flow field, pressure drop, fractional efficiency, and particle trajectories inside the cyclone. The turbulence was modeled with Reynolds stresses and large eddy simulations (LES) based on three different subgrid‐scales (SGS). The results with the different setups were compared to experimental data from previous studies. For a proper calculation of the flow field, LES combined with a dynamic SGS model was used for predicting cyclone performance. Individual particles were tracked through the unsteady flow field using the Lagrangian approach. The results of the numerical calculations of the tangential and axial velocity, pressure drop, and cut size are in good agreement with experimental measurements.     

Experimental investigations on a cyclone separator performance at an extremely low particle concentration

In order to evaluate the influence of extremely low particle concentration on separation performance of cyclone separator, the overall collection efficiencies and grade efficiencies of a cyclone separator with particle concentrations of 5-2000 mg/m³ and inlet velocities of 6-30 m/s have been investigated under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. Aerosol spectrometer based on measuring particle number is used to measure the particle concentrations and particle size distributions of the inlet and outlet of the cyclone separator. The overall efficiency is equal to the ratio of the particle concentration difference between the inlet and outlet of the cyclone separator to the inlet particle concentration. The grade efficiency is obtained by comparing the particle size distributions of the inlet and outlet of the cyclone separator. The effects of particle concentration on separation performance are predicted by Smolik empirical model. Particle agglomeration, which has been found in the inlet and outlet of the cyclone separator, has a very important influence on the collection efficiencies and grade efficiencies of the cyclone separator at the particle concentration of 5-2000 mg/m³. The cut sizes for different inlet gas velocity with extremely low particle concentration can be quantitatively calculated by Barth model, Mothes and Loffer model and Muschelknautz model, respectively. Experimental results show that the overall collection efficiencies and grade efficiencies increased with the increasing particle concentrations and inlet velocities, and most of the particles with the diameter bigger than 10 μm can be removed by cyclone separator.     

Characteristics of the collection efficiency for a double inlet cyclone with clean air

Two single inlet cyclones and a double inlet cyclone were designed and fabricated to evaluate, and compare, their collection efficiencies. Two single inlet cyclones had different inlet sizes and vortex finder diameters. The double inlet cyclone had two inlet parts that divided the cyclone inlet in two. Clean air was introduced to the inlet near the cyclone wall, and particle-laden air was introduced to the inlet away from the cyclone wall. This double inlet made the clean air swirl in the region near the vortex finder, and the particle-laden air swirl in the region close to cyclone wall. The performance of the double inlet cyclone was evaluated at various clean air flow rates, keeping the particle-laden air flow rate constant.The collection efficiency of the double inlet cyclone was found to be 5–15% greater than that of the single inlet cyclone with the same inlet size and vortex finder diameter. As the flow rate of clean air was increased, the collection efficiency increased. This result indicates the possibility of achieving higher collection efficiencies with a double inlet cyclone.     

Effects of Flow Parameters and Inlet Geometry on Cyclone Efficiency

A novel cyclone design, named converging symmetrical spiral inlet (CSSI) cyclone, is developed by improving the inlet geometry of conventional tangential single inlet (CTSI) cyclone for enhancing the physical performance of the cyclone. The collection efficiency of the CSSI cyclone is experimentally compared with the widely used CTSI cyclone. The results indicate that the CSSI cyclone provides higher collection efficiency by 5%~20% than that of the CTSI cyclone for a tested inlet velocity range of 11.99~23.85 m/s. In addition, the results of collection efficiency comparison between experimental data and theoretical model are also discussed.     

天然气脱蜡旋风分离器分离效率的模拟

旋风分离器分离效率高,不易堵塞,用于天然气脱蜡效果显著。通过CFD软件Fluent模拟CYG-S型天然气脱蜡旋风分离器的两相流场,得到了旋风分离器内的压力、切向速度、轴向速度分布。对比了不同入口速度下的模拟与理论计算的分割粒径x50,发现具有很好的吻合度,两相模拟有一定的可靠性。结果表明：在旋风分离器锥段底部靠近壁面处的石蜡液滴质量浓度较高;随着进口流量的增加,旋风分离器分离效率提高,当进口流量为1000 m3/h时,x50可以达到5.3 μm;大粒径液滴的分离效果明显,但在所研究的进口流量范围内,进口流量的变化不能明显地影响粒径小于5 μm液滴的分离效率;柱段和锥段长度的增加使得旋风分离器的整体长度增加,延长了液滴在旋风分离器内的停留时间,提高了旋风分离器的分离效率。     

旋风分离器进口涡旋感生速度场的减阻增效作用

旋风分离器进口段管路的结构关系着进口气速的分配,直接影响到下游分离空间三维速度场的形式,合理设计进口管的样式是挖掘分离器分离潜力的可能入手之处。采用实验及数值模拟手段,对环管和直管2种进口管路下轴对称双进口分离器的性能与流场作了对比研究。结果表明,环管进口的分离器分离总效率比两侧进口的平均高1.5个百分点,而压降损失降低25%以上。前者阻力小的原因在于进口环管内气流为局部的涡旋,与分离器内旋涡流动的形式接近,两股气流交汇时碰撞程度轻,附加的额外能耗较小;而总效率提高的原因为,环管进口的分离器切向速度比两侧进口的分离器约高0.15倍进口气速,能增强颗粒受到的离心作用、减小切割粒径,从而提升分离器总效率。根据涡旋理论,局部区域的涡旋会对整个流动空间产生感生的速度场,由于环管进口的分离器进口管内局部涡旋的存在,整个分离空间的切向速度场被增强。这种由涡旋感生速度场提升分离器切向速度的方式,加深了分离器运行过程中压头向速度转换的程度,不会消耗额外的能量。因此,采用旋涡流的进气方式,并合理提高进口涡旋的强度,是分离器分离性能进一步提升的新途径。     

Effect of multi-inlet flow on particle classification performance of hydro-cyclones

The effect of multi-inlet flow on particle classification performance of hydro-cyclones was examined experimentally and via a simulation study. Cut size of the type A cyclone with two inlets flow indicated smaller cut size and sharp separation performance compared to the standard cyclone. Numerical simulation indicated a nearly uniform rotational fluid velocity profile for the type A cyclone. On the other hand, the standard cyclone showed a non-uniform rotational velocity profile near the inlet part of the main flow. The type B cyclone with a small additional flow injection area, showed smaller cut sizes as the flow rate of the additional flow increased. The type B cyclone showed smaller cut size compared to the standard cyclone without the additional flow. The use of a multi-inlet cyclone is quite effective at improving particle separation performance compared to the standard one.     

Development of a symmetrical spiral inlet to improve cyclone separator performance

Three cyclone separators with different inlet geometry were designed, which include a conventional tangential single inlet (CTSI), a direct symmetrical spiral inlet (DSSI), and a converging symmetrical spiral inlet (CSSI). The effects of inlet type on cyclone performance characteristics, including the collection efficiency and pressure drop, were investigated and compared as a function of particle size and flow rate in this paper. Experimental result indicated that the symmetrical spiral inlet (SSI), especially CSSI inlet geometry, has effect on significantly increasing collection efficiency with insignificantly increasing pressure drop. In addition, the results of collection efficiency and pressure drop comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical model were also involved.