无线局域网标准802.11b与802.11a的物理层比较

无线局域网(WLAN)已经存在10多年了,但由于原来一直把它单纯定位于有线LAN的延伸,加上无统一标准以及传输速率低,其应用难以推广.到上世纪末,随着自身技术的进步和标准的统一,WLAN被重新定位作为因特网高速无线接入技术,之后便开始被广泛应用于办公室、机场、酒店、商场、咖啡屋等公共热点场所(hotspots).因此,2000年WLAN被评为美国通信技术十大发展趋势之一.     

IEEE802.11b与蓝牙系统的共存

该文重点讨论了IEEE802.11b无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Network WLAN)与蓝牙(Bluetooth,BT)通信系统之间共存的问题，归纳了一些减小或消除这两个系统之间互扰的方法并加以比较     

IEEE 802.11 5GHz标准物理层研究

IEEE 802.115GHz技术标准及相关设备的逐步成熟,使得5GHz WLAN网络建设成为可能.文章研究并分析了IEEE 802.11a、IEEE 802.11n、IEEE 802.11ac等5GHz WLAN标准的技术发展路径,并对其物理层关键技术及各标准所支持的最高数据速率作了重点分析.     

IEEE802.11g的推出及其影响

1引言从办公室应用起家的无线局域网(WLAN)技术正在向Hotspot、小型机及AV机等用途扩展。同时它的最大传输速率已由11Mbps提升到54Mbps,而所用频带也由2.4GHz增加为2.4GHz及5GHz两种。进入2003年后,IEEE802.11g又迅速受到PC业界的支持,开始在WLAN市场增强起来。继美国苹果计算机公司于2003年1月发售其笔记本电脑“PowerBook”的新型号后,尽管IEEE802.11g的正式标准尚未完成,但各制造厂商都在相继发售IEEE802.11g对应的路由器及WLAN卡等等。该新格式一方面使用2.4GHz频带,另一方面又把最大传输速率提高到54Mbps,这就打破了…     

IEEE 802.11b物理层帧结构的研究与性能分析

IEEE 802.11b是当前广泛使用的无线局域网络。文章首先介绍了其物理层的组成,然后通过研究物理层的帧结构,推导出理论最大吞吐量,最后通过数据分析,探讨了前导码和帧头等开销对数据传输效率的影响。     

WLAN 802.11b中的调制技术--CCK

介绍无线局域网IEEE802．11标准中物理层采用的调制技术——CCK(补码键控)，详细介绍了CCK的基本原理和系统框图，并分析它们的性能。     

如何构建WLAN主流规格IEEE802.11网络？

作为WLANF流规格之一，IEEE802.11在WLAN的传输媒介中影响整个网络架构的设计和网络构建，如何更好的利用它来构建良好的WLAN网络，SMC公司资深技术人员林义雄先生在本期解答了有关问题。     

802.11b和蓝牙共存技术的研究

首先介绍了在通信技术迅猛发展的当今时代,将802.11b和蓝牙集成在同一系统上会更加方便人们的日常工作,然后分析了802.11b和蓝牙共存的技术难点,提出了一种实际应用中解决方案。并通过分析得到了这个方案优势,对实际的工程应用具有一定指导意义。     

几种IEEE802.11无线局域网协议的比较

WLAN的出现，充分解决了有线网络先天性缺陷所带来的一系列问题。与有线网络相比，WLAN具备了很多特定优势。作为有线局域网的一种补充和扩展，WALN使计算机具有了可移动性，能快速、方便地解决有线网络不易实现的网络连通问题，成为今后网络发展的主导方向。IEEE802．11标准是IEEE制定的无线局域网标准，各厂商的产品在同一物理层上可以互相操作，这样就使得无线局域网的两种主要用途“多点接入”和“多网段互联”更易于低成本实现，从而为无线局域网的进一步普及打通了道路，文中介绍了几个常用标准的特点。     

IEEE 802.11a／b／g与OFDM调制技术发展动向

由于家用网络被视为WLAN的应用范围,其中5GHz的"IEEE802.11a"将被应用于动画与声音的传输发送,目前国外各大厂商纷纷积极展开各种相关应用产品的开发。虽然WLAN使用IEEE802.11a与IEEE802.11b两种规范,不过基于兼容性与市场需求等考虑,未来具备"双模式"的WLAN电子产品势必成为主流。 IEEE制定规范时基于互通性等考虑,2001年11月决定采用IEEE802.11作业小组(TCg)的建议,正式推出根据802.11g草案(draft)标准制定的IEEE802.11g标准规范,本文将详细介绍IEEE802.11a/b/g的特性,同时探讨OFDM调制技术发展动向。     

IEEE802.11g研究综述

全面介绍了IEEE802.11g标准的WLAN，详细讲述了IEEE802.11g草案标准的概念、特点、构件及体系结构、发展前景等，并探讨了实现IEEE802.11g WLAN所需的几项关键技术，同时分析了IEEE802.11g标准的网络性能。其关键技术包括直序列扩频调制技术及补码键控技术，包二进制卷积，正交频分复用技术等。有关IEEE802.11g的兼容性，同频共存性，自身的OFDM问题分析将成为研究的热点。     

一种新的用于IEEE 802.11e EDCA中提供QoS的方法

该文提出了一种新的应用于IEEE 802.11e EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access)中提供QoS(Quality of Service)的方法。这种方法是将几个时隙组合起来构成一个超时隙,每个超时隙的开始分配给不同的业务来进行发包。时隙的分配是根据各种业务的不同优先级来实现的。这种方法可以保证高优先级业务具有较大的吞吐量,较少的MAC延时和较低的丢包率。与802.11e EDCA草案中提出的不同冲突窗口大小的方法相比,这种方法具有可以提高吞吐量,降低丢包率,并能减小站点数目变化对高优先级业务吞吐量的影响等优点。这种新的提供QoS的方法优于不同冲突窗口大小的方法,在IEEE 802.11e EDCA中应用超时隙方法可以大大提高EDCA的性能。     

IEEE802.11a标准中OFDM系统的同步新算法

根据IEEE802．1la的数据分组结构,利用短训练序列时域响应的特点,对接收到的短训练序列进行窗口平移相关,由相关峰确定符号定时,并利用短训练序列进行粗频偏估计。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效地克服噪声及频偏的影响,定时准确,较好地消除了频偏。与其它文献提出的算法相比,具有定时准确、计算量小、频偏估计范围大的特点。     

Model-based admission control for IEEE 802.11e enhanced distributed channel access

IEEE 802.11e enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) is a distributed medium access scheme based on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol. In this paper, a model-based admission control (MBAC) scheme that performs real-timely at medium access control (MAC) layer is proposed for the decision of accepting or rejecting requests for adding traffic streams to an IEEE 802.11e EDCA wireless local area network (WLAN). The admission control strategy is implemented in access point (AP), which employs collision probability and access delay measures from active flows to estimate throughput and packet delay of each traffic class by the proposed unsaturation analytical model. Simulation results prove accuracy of the proposed analytical model and effectiveness of MBAC scheme.     

Dynamic adaptation policies to improve quality of service of real-time multimedia applications in IEEE 802.11e WLAN Networks

With the increased popularity of wireless broadband networks and the growing demand for multimedia applications, such as streaming video and teleconferencing, there is a need to support diverse multimedia services over the wireless medium. In order to efficiently address these diverse needs, efforts have been pursued to provide Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms for medium access, resulting in a standard called IEEE 802.11e. One of the enhancements proposed in IEEE 802.11e is a polling-based access mechanism, which is targeted for real-time multimedia flows. In this polling-based scheme, scheduling and time allocation are based on flow reservations. Hence, the effectiveness of the mechanism is heavily dependent on the accuracy of the flow requirements in the reservation. Flow requirements, however, can vary over time and an allocation based on fixed reservations cannot address this variability. This limitation, which is present in the reference scheduler of IEEE 802.11e, leads to degraded multimedia quality for flows with variable requirements, even when channel resources are available. In order to address the above limitation, we present an adaptation framework that dynamically adjusts the polling-based access mechanism and associates flows to different modes of access (polling-based/contention-based), according to the current needs of the application, as opposed to solely relying on the reservation parameters. We demonstrate that with our adaptation, the achieved QoS for real-time multimedia streams, in terms of delay and throughput metrics, can be significantly improved compared to other known mechanisms. Additionally, we show the benefits of our adaptation framework on overall multimedia quality and system capacity. This research is supported by the University of California Discovery Grant (com02-10123) and the Center for Wireless Communications (CWC), University of California, San Diego.     

Ultra-Wideband Signal Impact on the Performances of IEEE 802.11b and Bluetooth Networks

This paper presents the results of a coexistence study investigating the impact of ultra-wideband (UWB) interference on IEEE 802.11b and Bluetooth networks. The results are based on the experimental test measurements made at the University of Oulu, Finland. Simple high-power UWB transmitters are used to interfere with victim networks. Preliminary results show that only under extreme interference conditions with thousands of equivalent Federal Communications Commission– (FCC)-compliant devices in close proximity, will the IEEE 802.11b and Bluetooth networks experience significant performance degradation. The impact of the UWB interference on the IEEE 802.11b network was insignificant if the distance to UWB transmitters was greater than 40 cm. The impact on Bluetooth was even less noticeable. In our study, several high-power UWB transmitters that greatly exceed the FCC radiation regulations have been used, and the measurement settings presents the worst case scenario because of the very short distance between the interferers and the victim system. Effectively our study approximates the use of thousands of FCC-complaint UWB devices in the same space.     

Using Chain of Mobile Access Gateway to Reduce Delay for PMIPv6 Protocol Applied in WLAN

Wireless LAN controller (WLC) is used to manage and control Access points (APs) in Wireless local area network (WLAN).Proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) protocol supports network-layer mobility in WLC based WLAN.However,it introduces extra delay in delivering packets from the APs to the WLC.We use Mobile access gateway (MAG) chain to reduce packet delay.The handoff delay and packet delivery delay under the proposed scheme are derived,based on which we formulate the delay minimization problem whose solution leads to the optimal MAG chain length.Numerical analysis results indicate that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme in terms of delay in the case when the delay between Local mobility anchor (LMA) and WLC is relatively greater than the delay between two neighboring WLCs.The proposed scheme is able to reduce packet loss resulting from the traditional handoff procedure introduced in the PMIPv6 protocol and that due to delay limitation.     

Improvement of Data Rate Performance of Wireless Local Area Networks through the Use of Orthogonal Code Division Multiplexing (OCDM), Multipath Diversity,and Parallel Concatenated Channel Encoding

The widespread use of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and the desire for such products from different vendors to operate together has generated a movement towards standardization. Over the last few years, several organizations worldwide have researched and developed WLAN standards like IEEE 802.11/15, HIPERLAN, multimedia mobile access communication (MMAC), etc., to name a few. One of the important considerations in designing and marketing WLAN products is the data rate supported by them. This paper deals with the development of a modification of the Direct Sequence (DS) physical layer standard in IEEE 802.11b to allow reliable higher data rates beyond the 1–2 Mb/s supported by the standard. More precisely, this paper proposes the usage of Orthogonal Code Division Multiplexing (OCDM), a form of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), diversity via a rake receiver, and parallel concatenated channel encoding, in order to improve the data rate performance in a multipath Rayleigh fading environment. The proposed transceiver design is described in detail and its performance is assessed via digital computer simulation of the corresponding mathematical model.     

Two-level protection and guarantee for multimedia traffic in IEEE 802.11e distributed WLANs

In order to support multimedia applications such as voice and video over the wireless medium, a contention-based channel access function, called Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA), has been developed in the emerging standard IEEE 802.11e. In the EDCA, differentiated channel access is provided for different traffic classes. In this paper, we propose a two-level protection and guarantee mechanism for voice and video traffic in the EDCA-based distributed wireless LANs. In the first-level protection, the existing voice and video flows are protected from the new and other existing voice and video flows via a distributed admission control with tried-and-known and early-protection enhancements. In the second-level protection, the voice and video flows are protected from the best-effort data traffic by adopting frame-based and limit-based data control mechanisms. Performance evaluations are conducted in terms of throughput, delay, transmission limit, number of collisions, and throughput square relative difference. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed two-level protection and guarantee mechanism is very effective in terms of the protection and guarantee of existing voice and video flows as well as the utilization of the channel capacity. An early version of this paper was presented at IEEE INFOCOM 2004.     

Dynamic Data Rate and Transmit Power Adjustment in IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs

In this paper a novel link adaptation algorithm is proposed that is capable of adjusting the transmit power level and the data rate jointly to the radio channel conditions. The proposed method relies solely on link quality information available at the transmitter by employing the reception or non-reception of the acknowledgment frames as a measure of the channel quality with respect to the power level and data rate. The method is fully compatible with the 802.11 wireless LAN standard. In contrast to many other proposals, it neither relies on the RTS/CTS protocol nor requires a feedback channel to transmit link-quality estimates from the receiver to the transmitter. Different strategies for optimizing the data rate and power level are given. These depend on the scenarios considered, the number of active stations, and the service requirements. The two main strategies are either to drive the system towards the highest possible data rate and adjust the rate and power levels accordingly (“high-performance” mode) or to focus on power saving, possibly trading this for other performance criteria such as throughput or delay performance (“low-power” mode). Other special cases, such as power or rate only adaptation, are also discussed. It can be shown that in most cases the best choice for achieving low transfer times, maximizing throughput, and alleviating the hidden terminal problem is to transmit at the highest possible rates and with high power levels. This “high-performance” mode of operation also minimizes the transmission times, which in turn maximizes the time for putting idling components into a sleep mode, thereby minimizing the overall power consumption.