Phase formation regularities in Fe-based nanometer powders prepared by gas evaporation process

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＮａｎｏｍｅｔｅｒｐｏｗｄｅｒｓｗｉｔｈｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｉｚｅｌｅｓｓｔｈａｎ10 0ｎｍｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｍａｎｙｎｏｖｅｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓａｂｓｅｎｔｉｎｂｕｌｋｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓａｎｄｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙ ,ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙｆｉｅｌｄｓ[1～ 3 ] .ＩｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｈｏｗｎｔｈａｔＦｅ ｂａｓｅｄｎａｎｏｍｅｔｅｒｐｏｗｄｅｒｈａｓｕｎｉｑｕｅｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ ,ｇｏｏｄｃａｔａｌ…     

Phase formation regularities in nanometer powders of Al-Cu-X ternary alloys prepared by gas evaporation process

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＮａｎｏｍｅｔｅｒａｌｌｏｙｐｏｗｄｅｒｓａｒｅｅｘｐｅｃｔｅｄｔｏｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｎｏｖｅｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｎｏｔｂｅｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｉｎ ｐｕｒｅｍｅｔａｌｎａｎｏｍｅｔｅｒｐｏｗｄｅｒｓａｎｄｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｂｕｌｋｍａ ｔｅｒｉａｌｓ[1,2 ] .Ｍａｎｙｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｔｈｅ ｐｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｎａｎｏｍｅｔｅｒａｌｌｏｙｐｏｗｄｅｒｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔ.Ｓｅｖｅｒａｌｔｅ…     

气相沉积制备Ni-Al合金纳米粉末的相生成规律

以直流电弧作为加热源,在高纯氩气氛下蒸发了Ni-Al母合金,制备出粒度小于60 nm的合金纳米粉末,并研究了纳米粉末中的相生成规律。结果表明:纳米粉末中合金相的形成规律与Ni-Al相图一致;蒸发高Ni含量的母合金容易得到以金属间化合物相-εAlNi3和-δAlNi为主的纳米粉末;而蒸发Al含量较高的母合金时,容易得到-γAl3Ni2相,且粉末中化合物相的相对含量显著减少;改变放电电流的大小可以改变粉末中析出相的种类和相对含量;而只改变惰性气体的压力时,粉末中的析出相种类不变,只是相对含量改变。实验发现所制备的纳米粉末中未出现-βAl3Ni5和Al3Ni低温相。     

气相蒸发Ti-Fe系合金纳米粉末相生成规律及尺寸效应研究

采用电弧加热蒸发法制备出粉末粒度在5nm～30nm的Ti-Fe系合金纳米粉末，研究了纳米粉末的相生成规律以及混合物粉末的尺寸效应。实验结果表明，纳米粉末中化合物相的生成规律与Ti-Fe合金平衡相图的不同。蒸发Fe含量大于73％（质量分数，下同）的母合金时易得到FCC相和Fe2Ti相，而蒸发Ti含量大于47％的母合金易得到以FCC相和FeTi相为主的粉末，且所有粉末中FCC相含量最多。当母合金中Fe含量为53％时，粉末中FeTi相的相对含量是所有粉末中最高的。只有在蒸发Ti含量为90％的母合盒所得的粉末中检测到了少量Ti单质相。FCC相的d（111）晶面间距随母合金中Ti含量的增加而增加，说明FCC为固溶体相。DSC结果表明，纳米粉末的平均熔点明显低于粉末中各个合金相在平衡状态下的熔点。     

纳米铝粉及微米铝粉的氧化特性研究

利用DSC/TG、XRD、SEM对纳米铝粉和普通微米级铝粉在空气下进行了热反应特性分析。着重对两种铝粉在空气环境和不同温度下的氧化特性进行了分析对比。结果表明,纳米铝粉表现出与微米铝粉不同的反应活性和氧化特性,纳米铝粉在550℃以下未见明显氧化现象;微米铝粉在950℃以下不会出现明显氧化。XRD和SEM分析表明,在1 050℃空气中煅烧30 min后,纳米铝粉体表面氧化明显,生成的-αAl2O3颗粒呈球形,尺寸在100 nm左右,粒径均匀。     

机械合金化法制备Al—Cu—Fe纳米非晶合金

采用行星式高能球磨机制备了Al80-xCuxFe20(x=20-40）三元非晶纳米合金粉末,分析了不同球磨时间及热处理工艺对粉末结构、颗粒大小等的影响。结果表明：成分为Al40Cu40Fe20的粉末球磨时逐步非晶化,球磨33h后,非晶化程度最大,最小颗粒尺寸达到5．6nm;进一步球磨,非晶晶化,颗粒尺寸增大;成分为Al80-xCuxFe20(x=20,25,30)的粉末球磨90h后,得到非晶,最小颗粒尺寸为3．4nm。球磨制备的Al-Cu-Fe非晶粉末具有铁磁性。用DSC测量了其晶化温度（Tc),Tc≈873℃。     

搅拌摩擦加工铸态铝铁合金的显微组织

采用普通熔铸法制备含铁3%(质量分数)的铝铁二元合金,研究多道次往复搅拌摩擦加工(Friction stir processing,FSP)对合金显微组织的影响。结果表明:进行1~3道次往复FSP后,各道次加工区组织不均匀;随着加工道次的增加,组织均匀细化程度增大。合金铸态组织由α-Al和粗大针状Al3Fe相组成,经3道次FSP后,搅拌区组织明显细化。原始铸态组织转变为细小等轴的再结晶晶粒,尺寸为2~5μm,并且部分晶粒中出现层错;粗大的Al3Fe针状相被破碎成长度小于1μm的细小粒状,弥散分布在铝基体晶界和晶粒内部,细化的Al3Fe粒子呈现孪晶结构。     

Numerical model of solidification process in binary Al-Fe alloy under centrifugal casting

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｓｏｌｉｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｂｉｎａｒｙＡｌ Ｆｅａｌｌｏｙｕｎｄｅｒｃｅｎｔｒｉｆｕｇａｌｃａｓｔｉｎｇｉｓｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｍａｓｓ,ｍｏｍｅｎｔｕｍ ,ｈｅａｔａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔａ ｔｉｏｎ .Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ,ｉｔｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍｅａｎｓｔｏｋｎｏｗｔｈｅｍｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｔｈｅｓｅｇｒｅｇａｔｉｏｎｏｆｂｉｎａｒｙＡｌ Ｆｅａｌｌｏｙｕｎｄｅｒｃｅｎｔｒｉｆｕｇａｌｃ…     

直流电弧等离子体蒸发法制备超细锌粉

采用自行研制的高真空三枪直流电弧等离子体蒸发金属纳米粉体连续制备设备,通过控制阴极电流大小制备不同粒径的超细锌粉。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光分析(XRF)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和相应的选区电子衍射(SAED)以及Simple PCI软件等测试手段对样品的晶体结构、成分、形貌和粒径分布进行表征。结果表明:等离子体法制备的超细锌粉纯度(质量分数)高达99.945%,粒径分布窄,分散性好,颗粒以球状为主,夹杂少量六方形态;超细锌粉的晶体结构与块体材料相同,为六方结构,晶格常数略有收缩;当其他参数恒定,工作电流从150 A增加到300 A时,超细锌粉的平均粒径从165 nm增加到596 nm,产率从2 258.55 g/h提高到7 027.20 g/h。     

Al2O3/Mo纳米粉末模压成形烧结及其动力学

对Mo和Al 2 O 3/Mo纳米粉末进行模压成形,研究纯Mo和Al 2 O 3/Mo压坯在1700~2000℃温度范围内的等温烧结过程,并结合烧结模型分析材料烧结过程中的动力学;利用SEM和TEM分析复合材料的显微组织。结果表明：压坯密度与Al2O3的加入量有关,高温烧结时Al2O3/Mo复合材料的致密度高于纯Mo的致密度;在Al2O3/Mo复合材料烧结过程中,烧结机制既有体积扩散又有晶界扩散,且随着Al2O3含量的增加,晶界扩散趋势明显;纯Mo和Al 2 O 3体积分数为5%、10%和15%Al 2 O 3/Mo复合材料的烧结激活能分别为254.24、234.04、221.40和164.37 kJ/mol;Al 2 O 3的加入可促进晶粒的均匀化和组织的细化。     

机械球磨Ti_(50)Al_(50)复合粉的压制特性

研究了机械球磨Ti50 Al50 复合粉的组织与压制特性。结果表明 ,球磨导致粉末硬度增加 ,压制特性变差 ,这是由于球磨使层片结构细化 ,Ti和Al组元晶体缺陷增加和晶粒细化造成的 ;但球磨 3h形成纳米晶复合粉后 ,尤其是在球磨 7.5h开始发生非晶转变后 ,进一步球磨 ,粉末压制特性变化并不明显     

Influence of multilayer coatings on AZ31 deposited by electron beam evaporation

Three different coatings, Cr, SiO2/Cr and HfO2/SiO2 were deposited by electron beam physical vapor deposition （EB-PVD）. Relevant composition and mechanical properties were obtained. The results show that the surface mechanical property could be increased, and Cr coating sample possessed the highest microhardness. Cyclic oxidation in air at 773 K was applied to evaluate the oxidation resistance of the coatings, and the section morphologies of the coatings were observed by FEISEM. The results indicate that the oxidation rate of AZ31 with Cr, SiO2/Cr and HtO2/SiO2 coatings is decreased, and the SiO2/Cr coating sample exhibits the best oxidation resistance and keeps relatively good adhesion up to 96 h. Polarization results prove that the corrosion resistance ofAZ31 can be improved and the SiO2/Cr coating sample has the best property.     

Microstructural characteristics of intermetallic phases in spray-deposition Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si alloy

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲａｐｉｄｌｙｓｏｌｉｄｉｆｉｅｄ (ＲＳ)Ａｌ Ｆｅ Ｖ Ｓｉｈｅａｔ ｒｅｓｉｓｔ ｉｎｇａｌｌｏｙｈａｓｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙｄｒａｗｎｍｕｃｈａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｉｎａｓｔｒｏｎ ａｖｉｇａｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｖｉａｔｉｏｎｆｉｅｌｄｆｏｒｉｔｓｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｍｅｃｈａｎｉ ｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓａｔｂｏｔｈａｍｂｉｅｎｔａｎｄｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓ,ｌｏｗｄｅｎｓｉｔｙａｎｄｌｏｗｃｏｓｔ[1～3] .Ｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｍａｉｎｃａ…     

Fe-Si-Al系合金粉微波吸收特性

采用扁平化工艺以及绝缘包覆工艺对铁硅铝系软磁合金粉末进行改性。对实验样品进行扫描电镜分析,观察颗粒形貌对材料性能的影响;探讨球磨时间以及不同绝缘介质含量对于材料电磁性能的影响规律。根据单层吸波材料(含导电衬底)对电磁波的反射率公式的分析以及对不同样品反射率的计算可知,球磨扁平化工艺以及绝缘包覆工艺可有效地改善铁硅铝金属粉末的微波吸收性能。经改性后的铁硅铝系软磁金属粉末在1.0~3.5 GHz频段具有较好的吸波性能,可应用于抗电磁干扰领域。     

Preparation of ZrO2 spherical nanometer powders by emulsion processing route

ZrO2 precursor powders containing 3% Y2O3 were prepared via a single emulsion processing route and a double emulsion processing route. In both routes xylol was used as the oil phase, span-80 as the surfactant, and an aqueous solution containing zirconium or ammonia as the water phase. The calcination of the precursor powders was performed at 600 ℃ for 2 h, leading to tetragonal phase ZrO2 nanometer powders. The ZrO2 powders and the precursor powders were analyzed and characterized by means of TGA-DTA, XRD, TEM, BET and laser particle size analyser. The results indicate that xylol-span-80-water phase system contain more water phase, which to a certain extent overcomes the disadvantages of low output by emulsion route in preparing powders. The best volume ratio Vxylol ： Vspan-80 ： Vwater= 95 ： 5 ： 25 leads to the attaining of powders. The special tetragonal phase powders with less agglomeration were prepared via either the single emulsion processing route or the double emulsion processing route according with the ratio. But compared to the single emulsion processing route, the powders prepared via the double emulsion processing route display smaller particles with more even size distribution, the average size of around 15 nm.     

热速处理对Al-Fe合金组织与性能的影响

研究了热速处理工艺对Al-5?合金力学性能和初生Al3Fe相形貌的影响.结果表明:未热速处理时,初生Al3Fe相为粗大的针片状或针状,初生Al3Fe相占基体的面积为40.39%,合金的力学性能较低,仅有107MPa;经热速处理后,小部分初生Al3Fe相长成了细小的针状,绝大部分则长成了针点状,初生Al3Fe相占基体的面积达到了50.77%;由于组织得以细化,合金的性能有了较大幅度的提高,抗拉强度达到145 MPa,提高幅度为35.5%.     

Al-V合金预磨状态对Al-Fe-V-Si-Nd机械合金化过程中显微组织演化的影响

采用高能球磨法制备Al89.5Fe6 .4V0 .7Si2 .4Nd合金粉末 ,并用X射线衍射技术研究了球磨过程中的组成。发现经 60h高能球磨 ,合金粉末的微观组织由Al非晶和Al3V相组成 ;Al V合金的预磨状态影响Al89.5Fe6 .4 V0 .7Si2 .4Nd合金机械合金化过程中显微组织演化。     

Morphology and microstructure of rapidly solidified tin-lead alloy powders

Sn60Pb40 al oy powders were fabricated using the planar flow casting （PFC） atomization process. By using OM, SEM and EPMA, the characteristics of the morphologies and microstructures of the powders have been investigated. It is observed that the environment of ambient gas in the atomization box has great effects on the morphology of the al oy powders. The microstructures of Sn60Pb40 al oy powders produced by the PFC atomization process are completely composed of eutectic, which is made up of both oversaturated αsolid solution and β solid solution. The microstructures of smal size powders are extraordinarily undeveloped dendritic eutectic, in which the large majority of the α phase appears nearly spherical, evidently since the cooling rate is higher and the under-cooling is larger. As for the large size powders, since the cooling rate and undercooling are relatively low, lamel ar α phase apparently increases in the eutectic microstructures of these powders, and there is even typical lamellar eutectic structure clearly observed in some micro-areas. After remelting tests by DTA, the microstructures of smal size powders are transformed, which become composed of large crumby α phase and eutectic （α＋β）, while those of large size powders change into classical tin-lead structures of primary α phase plus lamellar eutectic （α＋β）. By studying the microstructures of tin-lead alloy powders, a model has been proposed to predict the microstructure formation of Sn60Pb40 al oy powders.     

超高真空电子束蒸镀Fe/Ru多层膜的结构和磁性

采用超高真空电子束蒸镀方法制备了Fe/Ru多层膜,Ru层厚度固定为2 nm,Fe层厚度为0.6～5 nm,研究了Fe层厚度的变化对薄膜结构及其磁性能的影响.Fe层厚度小于5 nm时,受Ru层HCP结构的影响,Fe层生长为六方晶格的亚稳相.多层膜呈现明显的平面易磁化特性,并随Fe厚度降低而减弱.Fe的平均原子磁矩和Fe层厚度的倒数存在线性关系,与死层理论预言的结果相一致.实验结果证实,亚稳相六方晶格的Fe具有铁磁性,其平均原子磁矩计算值为1.9μB,略低于BCC Fe,Fe/Ru界面层的死层厚度为0.25 nm.