The flavone,flavonol and flavan-3-ol content of the Greek traditional diet

Flavonoids are an important category of plant antioxidants and evidence is accumulating on their favorable effects against the development of heart disease and certain forms of cancer. We analytically determined the flavonol (quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, isorhamnetin), flavone (luteolin, apigenin) and flavan-3-ol (catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate) content of a weekly menu representative of the Greek traditional diet. The overall daily average content was found 79.01 mg of which flavonols contribute 47% (37.17 mg/day), flavan-3-ols 40% (31.67 mg/day) and flavones 13% (10.17 mg/day). The levels of agreement between the analytical results and the respective theoretical flavonoid calculations conducted previously on the same weekly menu ranged widely, indicating that caution should be taken when calculated flavonoid values are to be used in epidemiological studies. Compared to northern European and American diets, the traditional Greek diet has a higher flavonoid content, at least with respect to flavones, flavonols and flavan-3-ols.     

浅谈纺织绿色之路

如今随着生活水平和健康意识的提高,代表生命、健康、活力的绿色概念深入人心。纺织品的“绿色”代表了纺织品生产流通整个领域实现绿化,随着北京2008绿色奥运约成功举行,绿色概念的意义将更加深刻和广泛。在此基础上为了更深层的了解纺织品方面的绿色情况．本文先解释了什么是绿色纺织以及如何对绿色纺织品进行鉴别,然后介绍了纺织品整个流程涉及消费观念、纺织原料、纺织工艺、纺织贸易和纺织标准等方面的绿色情况,并针对我国的一些纺织品绿化方面的问题和现状进行了分析和阐述。     

啤酒认证绿色食品应具备的条件

绿色食品啤酒(下称绿色啤酒)的生产起点要求非常高,涵盖了对啤酒生产原料、对企业生产环境、对绿色生产、储存通道及对生产工艺的各项特殊要求.对此企业必须一一严格执行并通过国家绿色食品认证办的认证后,才有资格生产有绿色食品标志的啤酒.在此文中,我们主要就绿色食品―啤酒生产所应具备的原料、生产设备、工艺条件、仓储环境予以论述.     

Natural polyphenols: An overview

Plant-derived functional foods are gaining considerable attention due to their safety and therapeutic potentials. Research on plant-based functional foods presents several challenges ranges from hypercholesterolemia to cancer prevention. In last decade, special attention has been paid to edible plants and especially their phytochemicals. Today, there is an increasing interest in their bioactivities provided by these phytochemicals. Polyphenols are the most numerous and widely distributed group of bioactive molecules. Polyphenols have two general classes, one is flavonoids and other is phenolic acids. Among these, flavonoids are further divided into flavones, flavononse, flavonols, flavanols, isoflavones, and phenolic acids are generally classified into hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. Fruit peel is one of the dense sources for flavonoids and their content may vary from species to species and due to exposure of light. Polyphenols have wide range of molecules and different set of biological activities that are mainly attributed to their structure. Investigations have revealed that polyphenols play a key role to prevent various diseases, like hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and cancer insurgence. The current review article summarizes the literature pertaining to polyphenols and its allied health benefits.     

家具产品绿色设计环境因素的识别

中国家具业发展到今天,在国际上受到发达国家绿色技术壁垒的限制,在国内受到消费者对产品环保性能提出更高的要求,因此,进行家具产品绿色设计日益成为生产企业关注的焦点。从产品的生命周期进行分析,通过对原材料、结构、生产工艺、使用、废弃等几方面的分析,探讨家具产品绿色设计环境因素的识别。     

国内外家具产品绿色生态标签的现状

绿色贸易壁垒已成为家具产品出口的重要障碍,本文主要是对国内外有关家具产品绿色生态标签的整理和介绍,以帮助家具企业更好地应对国外绿色贸易壁垒。     

Central obesity and the Mediterranean diet: A systematic review of intervention trials

ABSTRACT

Central obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, and is a risk factor for cardiometabolic syndrome. The Mediterranean diet pattern has a convincing evidence-base for improving cardiometabolic health. This review investigated the impact of Mediterranean diet interventions on central obesity, specifically. A systematic literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases. Search terms included: ‘Mediterranean Diet’, ‘Mediterranean dietary pattern’, ‘central obesity’ and ‘visceral fat’. The search was limited to English language and humans ≥18 years. Eighteen articles met the eligibility criteria and reported at least one outcome measure of central obesity with Mediterranean diet intervention. Central obesity measures included waist circumference (16 studies), waist-hip ratio (5 studies) and visceral fat (2 studies). Thirteen (72%) of the studies, totaling 7186 subjects (5168 subjects assigned to a Mediterranean Diet), reported a significant reduction in central obesity with a Mediterranean-type diet. However, seven out of these 13 interventions employed energy restriction, and only three showed a statistically significant favorable effect of the Mediterranean diet relative to a control group. This systematic review highlights the potential for a Mediterranean diet intervention to reduce central obesity and in turn reduce obesity-related chronic disease risk and associated public health burden.     

Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Risk: Beyond Traditional Risk Factors

A strict adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has repeatedly been linked to a low risk of cardiovascular disease in several situations. Initially, the mechanisms considered as possible causes of this were based on the effects of this dietary pattern on the so-called traditional risk factors (especially lipids and blood pressure). However, the high relative reduction in the prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were not proportional to the limited findings about regulation of those traditional risk factors. In addition to several studies confirming the above effects, current research on the MedDiet is being focused on defining its effects on non-traditional risk factors, such as endothelial function, inflammation, oxidative stress, or on controlling the conditions which predispose people to cardiovascular events, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the current article, after briefly reviewing the known effects of the MedDiet on the traditional risk factors, we will mainly focus on reviewing the current evidence about the effects that this dietary pattern exerts on alternative factors, including postprandial lipemia or coagulation, among others, as well as providing a short review on future directions.     

绿色设计在办公家具中的应用

资源、环境、人口是当今人类社会面临的三大主要问题,特别是环境问题,正对人类社会生存和发展造成严重威胁。因此,绿色设计逐渐得到各国的认可。人有三分之一的时间是在办公空间中度过的,办公家具伴随人们左右。我们把绿色设计理念应用到办公家具的设计生产中：从材料,结构的可拆卸,可回收,绿色制造等入手,保护环境,节约资源。     

The influence of light and maturity on fruit quality and flavonoid content of red raspberries

The effects of various fruit maturities and different light intensities on berry fruit quality, antioxidant capacity and phytonutrient levels in red raspberries (Rubus ideaus L.) were determined. At harvest, immature berries contained significantly lower levels of sugars and acids than ripe berries. When berries were harvested at 5% or 20% maturity, they never developed the levels of soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acid (TA) values observed in ripe berries at harvest. However, fruit harvested at 50% or more advanced maturity had the capacity of attaining comparable levels of SSC, TA and sugars as those harvested at 100% maturity. When 5% and 20% berries were stored under light, higher level of SSC and lower levels of TA values were observed than those kept in the dark. However, light condition showed little effect in 50% and 80% maturity fruit after 4 days at 24/16 °C (day/night). Ripe raspberries (100%) had stronger antioxidant activities and higher total anthocyanin content when compared with the pink stage (50% maturity). Fruit harvested at greener stages (5% and 20%) also consistently showed higher antioxidant activities and total phenolics than those harvested at 50%. Cyanindin-based anthocyanins increased during postharvest period. On the other hand, other polyphenols such as ellagic acid, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin derivative, and kaempferol 3-glucuronide were initially present at high levels but decreased drastically during storage. Red raspberries harvested at different developmental stages continued their development during storage even under the dark conditions. The antioxidant activity of red raspberries was directly related to the total amount of phenolics and flavonoids. Results of this study indicate that red raspberries harvested at 50% or more advanced maturity could develop comparable quality and antioxidant levels as those harvested at full maturity.     

Mediterranean diet,cardiovascular disease and mortality in diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials

Abstract

To update the clinical practice guidelines for nutrition therapy of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. We searched Medline, EMBASE (through April 20, 2018) and Cochrane (through May 7, 2018) databases. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by the generic inverse variance method. A total of 41 reports (3 RCTs and 38 cohorts) were included. Meta-analyses of RCTs revealed a beneficial effect of the MedDiet on total CVD incidence (RR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.78) and total myocardial infarction (MI) incidence (RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.88). Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, which compared the highest versus lowest categories of MedDiet adherence, revealed an inverse association with total CVD mortality (RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.82), coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.86), CHD mortality (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.92), stroke incidence (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.90), stroke mortality (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80, 0.96) and MI incidence (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.88). The present study suggests that MedDiet has a beneficial role on CVD prevention in populations inclusive of individuals with diabetes.     

‘Limoncella’ apple,an Italian apple cultivar: Phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity

‘Limoncella’ is a variety of apple traditionally cultivated in south-central Italy since ancient Roman times. The relationship between phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of apple peel and flesh was investigated. Apple extracts analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography, showed that compared with flesh, peel was richer in all the quantified phenols. The most abundant polyphenols were the flavanols catechin and epicatechin, and the chalcones phloridzin and phloretin xyloglucoside.     

凹凸棒石粘土用于甲原蜜澄清的研究

首次提出了采用凹凸棒石粘土与絮凝剂结合对甲蜜进行沉降处理，研究了一些工艺因素对沉降速度的影响，结果表明，粘土加入量的影响高度显著，沉降速度比通常的提高３～４倍，澄清后甲原蜜的混浊度下降了９１％。清净效率为２６％。