Wheat bran feruloyl oligosaccharides enhance the antioxidant activity of rat plasma

Wheat bran feruloyl oligosaccharides (FOs) possess in vitro antioxidative potential. The aim of this paper is to investigate the protective effect of FOs against oxidative stress in rat plasma. The levels of oxidative stress markers (oxidised glutathione and malondialdehyde) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) in plasma from rats fed with a standard diet supplemented with 1% FOs were evaluated. The anti-radical capacity of rat plasma after ingestion of 0.5 mg FOs was measured using AAPH as the free radical inducer. Compared to the control group, the antioxidant enzyme activity was higher in plasma from rats fed with FOs, and oxidised glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were lower. Plasmas of rats after ingestion of FOs were more resistant to AAPH-induced hemolysis than was the control group (P < 0.01). These results suggest that FOs enhance the level of antioxidative activity in rat plasma in vivo.     

Boysenberry and blackcurrant drinks increased the plasma antioxidant capacity in an elderly population but had little effect on other markers of oxidative stress

BACKGROUND: The consumption of fruit and vegetables promotes good health by protecting against various degenerative diseases. Even though the constituents responsible are not known, some evidence indicates that the antioxidant properties of fruit and vegetable phytochemicals are responsible. Previous studies have shown that blackcurrant and Boysenberry reduce oxidative stress using in vitro cell systems. The aim of this study was to determine if blackcurrant or Boysenberry drinks could improve measures of oxidative stress and inflammation in an elderly population with below‐average memory abilities. The intervention parallel study was fully blinded with a placebo control. RESULTS: Of the six measures of oxidative stress assessed, only plasma antioxidant capacity significantly increased for both the Boysenberry and blackcurrant treatments compared with the placebo. Plasma malondialdehyde decreased in both the Boysenberry and blackcurrant treatments although the decrease was not statistically significant. Measures of oxidative stress for protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation improved for the berryfruit treatments during the study but were not statistically different from the placebo. CONCLUSION: Long‐term consumption of both the Boysenberry and blackcurrant drinks raised the plasma total antioxidant capacity of the study participants suggesting that Boysenberry and blackcurrant may help protect against oxidative stress‐related health conditions. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

In vivo antioxidant potential of Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) wood extract in young growing pigs exposed to n-3 PUFA-induced oxidative stress

BACKGROUND: Farm animals in intensive farming systems are frequently exposed to oxidative stress, which demands adequate antioxidant protection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of different concentrations of Sweet chestnut wood extract (SCW; 0.75, 1.5 and 3 g kg^?1) in case of n‐3 PUFA‐induced oxidative stress in young pigs. RESULTS: The highest concentration (3 g kg^?1) of SCW decreased malondialdehyde excretion in urine by 31.7%, but had no effect on plasma malondialdehyde. A linear trend towards decrease of urine isoprostanes iPF_2α‐VI was observed with the addition of SCW. All three concentrations of SCW efficiently protected blood lymphocytes from DNA damage and lowered plasma alanine aminotransferase levels. The antioxidative and antigenotoxic effect of 3 g SCW kg^?1 feed was comparable to the effect of 90.4 mg kg^?1 of added vitamin E. CONCLUSION: The results from this study show that, besides being known as antihelmintic, antimicrobial and antiviral agent, Sweet chestnut wood extract could also be considered as a promising natural antioxidant in animal nutrition. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Anthocyanins,total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in amaranth and quinoa seeds and sprouts during their growth

Total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic contents (TP) and anthocyanins contents (ANT) were determined in Amaranthus cruentus and Chenopodium quinoa seeds and sprouts. Antioxidant activity of the investigated seeds decreased in the following order: quinoa, amaranth v. Rawa, amaranth v. Aztek for FRAP and quinoa, amaranth v. Aztek, amaranth v. Rawa for both ABTS and DPPH. Sprouts activity depended on the length of their growth, and the peak values were reached on the fourth day in the case of amaranth and on the sixth day in the case of quinoa. The data obtained by the three methods showed significant correlation between TP content in seeds and sprouts. In sprouts grown in the daylight and in the darkness we observed some significant changes of TP, ANT and antioxidant activity. Amaranth and quinoa seeds and sprouts can be used in food, because it is a good source of ANT and TP with high antioxidant activity.     

仙谷米花糖哈败成因及防止措施

野苋菜是我国重要的野生蔬菜资源,由其种子加工而成的仙谷米花糖口感酥脆、天然健康,深受消费者青睐,市场开发潜力大。但仙谷米花糖在贮藏和销售过程中易产生氧化哈败、风味劣变,保质期较短。本实验研究了仙谷米花糖在不同条件下的储藏效果、仙谷油脂的脂肪酸组成及其理化特点。并用气相色谱-质谱联用（gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer,GC-MS）分析仙谷油脂加速氧化前后的成分差异。结果表明：仙谷含油率为6.26%、油脂酸价为2.79 mg/g、皂化值为144.79 mg/g、碘值为87.48 g/100 g;其中亚油酸含量为33.91%、油酸36.05%、棕榈酸15.39%、硬脂酸4.01%、角鲨烯7.03%;仙谷油脂加速氧化后角鲨烯消失,脂肪酸种类增加,醛类、酯、吡嗪、烯烃、苯胺、酚、酮类物质产生,说明角鲨烯是导致仙谷米花糖氧化哈败的主要原因,铝箔真空包装加脱氧剂能有效减缓仙谷米花糖哈败。     

Consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. aqueous extract and its impact on systemic antioxidant potential in healthy subjects

BACKGROUND: To evaluate health benefits attributed to Hibiscus sabdariffa L. a randomized, open‐label, two‐way crossover study was undertaken to compare the impact of an aqueous H. sabdariffa L. extract (HSE) on the systemic antioxidant potential (AOP; assayed by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) with a reference treatment (water) in eight healthy volunteers. The biokinetic variables were the areas under the curve (AUC) of plasma FRAP, ascorbic acid and urate that are above the pre‐dose concentration, and the amounts excreted into urine within 24 h (Ae_0–24) of antioxidants as assayed by FRAP, ascorbic acid, uric acid, malondialdehyde (biomarker for oxidative stress), and hippuric acid (metabolite and potential biomarker for total polyphenol intake). RESULTS: HSE caused significantly higher plasma AUC of FRAP, an increase in Ae_0–24 of FRAP, ascorbic acid and hippuric acid, whereas malondialdehyde excretion was reduced. Furthermore, the main hibiscus anthocyanins as well as one glucuronide conjugate could be quantified in the volunteers' urine (0.02% of the administered dose). CONCLUSION: The aqueous HSE investigated in this study enhanced the systemic AOP and reduced the oxidative stress in humans. Furthermore, the increased urinary hippuric acid excretion after HSE consumption indicates a high biotransformation of the ingested HSE polyphenols, most likely caused by the colonic microbiota. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

云南苦茶提取物抗氧化应激保护镉致糖尿病肾病小鼠的作用

此研究旨在评估云南苦茶提取物1,3,4,9-四甲基尿酸(1,3,4,9-tetramethyl uric acid, TC)对糖尿病肾病小鼠的氧化应激的调节潜力。实验采用喂养高脂高糖饲料,腹腔注射氯化镉(CdCl_2)12周建立糖尿病肾病动物模型,灌胃TC 28 d,评估其血清生化指标的变化;通过观察肾丙二醛(MDA)、脂质过氧化产物(LOOH)、蛋白羰基化(PCO)含量等氧化及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)等非酶抗氧化剂活性的变化,研究镉对肾脏的氧化损伤程度及四甲基尿酸的作用效果。实验结果显示,损伤组血清中的TG、ALT、LDL-C水平上调明显,分别为空白组的1.88倍、2.39倍、以及2.86倍;组织中的氧化指标MDA、PCO、NO显著升高,分别为空白组的1.51、3.88以及2.03倍;抗氧化指标CAT、SOD、GSH在损伤组有明显的下调,仅为空白组的68.75%、77.59%、80.95%;给予TC保护药后,血清指标水平较损伤组减少,仅为损伤组的68.09%、49.09%、45.65%;其氧化指标含量较损伤组减少,仅为损伤组的82.14%、74.19%、64.94%;抗氧化水平与损伤组相比明显升高,分别为损伤组的1.41、1.20及1.12倍。说明镉致糖尿病肾病(Diabetic Nephropathy, DN)小鼠机体内的氧化和抗氧化之间的平衡,进而导致氧化压力的增加;TC通过提高抗氧化酶的活性,增强抗氧化系统的抗氧化能力,通过抗氧化应激反应和抗炎作用共同保护肾脏。     

Alleviation of plasma,erythrocyte and liver lipidemic-oxidative stress by thymoquinone and limonene in atherogenic suspension fed rats

In the present study, the antioxidant efficacies of thymoquinone (TQ) and limonene (LMN), two main constituents of Nigella sativa seeds, were investigated in relation to plasma, erythrocyte and liver oxidative abnormalities in hyperlipidemic Wistar albino rats. Pretreatment with 10 mg TQ or 200 mg LMN in atherogenic suspension fed rats, effectively reduced the plasma lipid peroxidation markers, conjugated diene, lipid hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde, and replenished the plasma antioxidant capacity by increasing its ferric reducing ability and 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid quenching to near normal levels and modulating the levels of reduced glutathione, enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and erythrocyte membrane-linked ATPases to normalcy. These results demonstrate that radical scavenging/antiperoxidative efficacies of TQ were greater than LMN. Thus, these compounds, especially TQ, play an important and useful role in the preservation of plasma antioxidant status, cellular membrane structure and function of tissues, and may be used as chemopreventative food additives in the prooxidant state related disorders.     

Effect of date seeds on oxidative damage and antioxidant status in vivo

BACKGROUND: Date seeds have been shown to contain high amounts of antioxidants. However, in vivo studies on date seeds are lacking. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of date seeds on oxidative damage and antioxidant status in vivo. Male Wistar rats were fed a basal diet containing 0, 70 or 140 g kg^?1 date seeds for 30 days. All three diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Indication of oxidative damage was assessed in the liver and serum, and antioxidant status was assessed in the liver. Serum biochemical parameters, including indicators of tissue cellular damage and complete blood count with differential, were also determined. RESULTS: The results showed that date seeds significantly (P < 0.05) reduced liver and serum malondialdehyde (a lipid peroxidative damage product) and serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase. Liver antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase), complete blood count with differential and other serum biochemical parameters assessed were not significantly altered by date seeds. CONCLUSION: The results obtained suggest a protective effect of date seeds against in vivo oxidative damage, possibly through the action of their bioactive antioxidants. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

苦荞对高脂膳食诱导小鼠血脂代谢及组织氧化还原的影响

随着人民生活水平的提高,膳食结构发生了巨大的变化,膳食中油脂的比例不断增多,可诱发血脂代谢紊 乱与氧化应激,影响肠道菌群平衡,危害人体健康。本研究通过建立高脂膳食诱发血脂代谢紊乱小鼠模型,探究苦 荞主要营养成分（蛋白质、淀粉、黄酮类化合物）对高脂膳食诱导的脂代谢紊乱小鼠的血脂、肝脂和氧化还原能力 的影响及其相互关系。实验结果表明：与高脂组相比,苦荞主要营养成分（蛋白质、淀粉、黄酮类化合物）能够降 低小鼠空腹血糖水平,提高胰岛素敏感指数;使脂代谢紊乱小鼠的血浆总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 浓度以及动脉硬化指数显著下降（P＜0.05）,同时能够提高血浆总抗氧化能力以及过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶 活力,降低肝脏中脂质过氧化反应产物丙二醛含量。总之,苦荞主要营养成分具有调节血脂、减轻肝肿大、提高抗 氧化能力的生物活性,可以预防脂代谢紊乱,从而一定程度上抑制血脂的紊乱及组织的氧化应激。     

The Effect of Natural Ingredients (Amaranth and Pumpkin Seeds) on the Quality Properties of Chicken Burgers

The objective of the current study was to include natural ingredients in the formulation of chicken burgers to improve their quality properties (physicochemical, cooking, oxidation and sensorial properties) during 4 days of refrigerated storage at 4 °C. Chicken burgers were processed added with amaranth (1 and 2%) or pumpkin seeds (1 and 2%) in addition to control. Lipid oxidation was assessed by monitoring malonaldehyde formation with 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay and antioxidant capacity by ABTS, DPPH and FRAPS methods. Natural ingredients (amaranth and pumpkin seeds) used in manufacturing of chicken burgers may improve their cooking characteristics, as well as lipid stability during storage (this effect was stronger when amaranth was added). Moreover, the impact of these ingredients on sensory quality attributes of chicken burgers was not significant; even in some cases (burgers with 2% amaranth), the overall acceptability was scored as higher than control burgers.     

蒸汽爆破预处理对籽粒苋籽实抗氧化能力的影响

实验选取汽爆压力0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2、1.5 MPa,汽爆时间10、20、30、60、120 s,对籽粒苋籽实进行预处理。分别测定汽爆前后各组样品的总酚、总黄酮含量,并通过测定其对DPPH、ABTS+自由基的清除率、铁离子还原能力来衡量各组样品的抗氧化能力,旨在探讨蒸汽爆破对籽粒苋籽实总酚、总黄酮和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:经过汽爆处理,籽粒苋籽实总酚、总黄酮含量和抗氧化能力显著提高(p<0.5)。0.6 MPa、60 s是最佳处理条件,此时总酚、总黄酮含量分别为未汽爆组的5.3倍和7.3倍,DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除率、铁离子还原能力分别是未汽爆组的4.6、3.8和11.6倍。蒸汽爆破是一种高效、无污染的前处理方式,为籽粒苋籽实的后续开发奠定基础。     

芫荽提取物对秀丽隐杆线虫体内抗氧化活性的初步探究

以南京高淳产芫荽为实验材料,研究其籽和成熟茎叶水提物对秀丽隐杆线虫体内活性氧的清除作用及对百草枯诱导秀丽隐杆线虫氧化应激损伤的保护作用,并揭示其作用机制。结果表明两种水提物均能够显著降低秀丽隐杆线虫体内活性氧水平(P<0.05),呈现剂量-效应关系;在百草枯引起的急性氧化测定中,两种水提物均可显著提高秀丽隐杆线虫氧应激状态下的生存率,但芫荽茎叶水提物的最低有效浓度为1 mg/mL,而芫荽籽水提物的最低有效浓度为0.1 mg/mL;实时荧光定量PCR结果说明,两种水提物可显著影响氧化衰老有关的ⅡS信号通路上daf-2和daf-16的基因表达量。因此,芫荽提取物对秀丽隐杆线虫起到了较好的体内抗氧化效果。     

Protective effect of dietary ginger on antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage in experimental diabetic rat tissues

The role of oxidative stress has been reported in various diabetic complications. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of ginger, a medicinal plant, on the tissue antioxidant defence system and lipid peroxidative status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. An increased reactive oxygen species and insufficient antioxidant activity are associated with diabetes mellitus, which is mainly responsible for diabetic pathogenesis. The role of ginger as antioxidant markers of liver and kidney were investigated. The antioxidant effect of the ginger was compared with glibenclamide, a well-known hypoglycaemic drug. The diabetic rats exhibited lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and higher level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hepatic and renal tissues as compared with normal rats. The activities of all parameters were found to be increased, except MDA in ginger-treated diabetic rats, in hepatic and renal tissues. Ginger supplementation, for 30 days to diabetic rats, resulted in significant dose-dependent hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activities. These findings suggest that ginger treatment exerts a therapeutic protective effect in diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress, and hepatic and renal damage.     

Investigation of the in vivo antioxidative activity of Cynara scolymus (artichoke) leaf extract in the streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat

The in vivo antioxidant activity of a quantified leaf extract of Cynara scolymus (artichoke) was studied. The aqueous artichoke leaf extract (ALE), containing 1.5% caffeoylquinic acid with chlorogenic acid being most abundant (0.30%), and luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside as major flavonoid (0.15%), was investigated by evaluating the effect on different oxidative stress biomarkers, after 3 wk oral supplementation in the streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat model. Apart from two test groups (0.2 g ALE/kg BW/day and 1 g ALE/kg BW/day, where BW is body weight), a healthy control group, untreated oxidative stress group, and vitamin E treated group (positive control) were included. A 0.2 g/kg BW/day of ALE decreased oxidative stress: malondialdehyde and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels significantly diminished, whereas erythrocyte glutathione levels significantly increased. A 1.0 g/kg BW/day ALE did not show higher antioxidant activity.     

Differential Oxidative Stress of Octahedral and Cubic Cu(2)O Micro/Nanocrystals to Daphnia magna

This study attempts to understand the impact of different shapes of an individual micro/nanomaterial on their biotoxicities to aquatic organisms. Two differently shaped Cu(2)O micro/nanocrystals (cubes and octahedrons with side lengths of 900 nm) were exposed to Daphnia magna for 72 h, afterward several antioxidant biomarkers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in D. magna were measured. We demonstrated the differential influences of two crystallographic Cu(2)O nanocrystals on the antioxidant process. Specifically, octahedral Cu(2)O nanocrystals showed a higher level of oxidative stress, possibly because of its larger surface area and higher reaction activity of the octahedron. The biomarker results further showed that the oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanism process involved three stages-antioxidant response, oxidation inhibition, and antioxidant inactivation. Furthermore, the accumulation of MDA was mainly responsible for the ROS-induced toxicity.     

榴莲核黄酮的提取及其对秀丽隐杆线虫氧化和衰老的影响

目的：探究榴莲核黄酮的最佳提取工艺以及提取物对秀丽隐杆线虫氧化和衰老的影响,为筛选缓解氧化、延缓衰老的活性物质提供理论依据。方法：在单因素试验的基础上,采用L9（34）正交试验确定榴莲核黄酮最佳提取工艺条件;体外抗氧化能力采用分光光度法、邻二氮菲-Fe2＋氧化法和邻苯三酚自氧化法分别测定1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率;以秀丽隐杆线虫为模式生物,测定榴莲核黄酮提取物对其寿命、运动能力、生殖能力和瘫痪缓解能力的作用效果,并对其相关抗氧化酶活力进行测定。结果：乙醇体积分数40%、料液比1∶220、超声时间70 min和超声功率400 W为最佳提取工艺条件,黄酮平均提取率可达（9.25±0.05）%;0.5 mg/mL黄酮提取物对DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除率分别为92.6%、79.4%和27.0%;黄酮提取物可延长秀丽隐杆线虫寿命,提高其运动能力,不会损害其生殖能力,能够显著降低线虫瘫痪率（P＜0.05）,缓解β淀粉样蛋白毒性作用,并且能够显著提高线虫超氧化物歧化酶活力（P＜0.05）,极显著降低其丙二醛含量（P＜0.01）。结论：榴莲核黄酮提取物在体内外均有一定的抗氧化能力且具有缓解氧化衰老病症的效果。     

Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of amaranth seeds

Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from two amaranth species was evaluated in a beta-carotene-linoleic acid model system. The addition of amaranth extracts in the range of 0.01-0.1% inhibited degradation of a beta-carotene in a model emulsion during incubation at 60 degrees C; 0.05% addition of amaranth seeds extract was proposed as practically applicable. The total content of phenolic compounds was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and ranged from 39.17 mg/100 g of Amaranthus caudatus to 56.22 mg/100 g of A. paniculatus seeds. Free phenolic acids contained in ethanolic extracts of amaranth seeds were purified and isolated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and identified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The technique involved gave a good separation of the free phenolic acids in the amaranth seeds. Significant differences in phenolic acids profiles of both amaranth species were observed.     

芦荟多糖对D-半乳糖致HepG2细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨芦荟多糖对HepG2细胞氧化损伤的保护作用,分析其体外抗氧化能力。方法:以HepG2细胞为研究对象,建立D-半乳糖诱导细胞氧化损伤模型,以不同浓度芦荟多糖进行预保护处理。采用细胞增殖与毒性检测试剂盒测定HepG2细胞存活率,生物化学法检测细胞超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力,酶联免疫吸附法测定细胞总抗氧化能力及丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量,实时荧光定量PCR检测细胞Keap1、Nrf2、NQO1和HO-1基因表达水平。结果:与D-半乳糖模型组比较,25、50、100 μg/mL的芦荟多糖预保护处理能不同程度地提高HepG2细胞存活率;芦荟多糖能显著增强细胞中抗氧化酶的活性,降低细胞MDA的生成量（P<0.05）,且作用效果与芦荟多糖浓度成正比;细胞中Keap1基因表达显著降低,Nrf2、NQO1、HO-1 mRNA表达显著提高（P<0.05）。结论:芦荟多糖可以减轻HepG2细胞的氧化应激损伤,激活Nrf2表达并抑制其泛素化降解,提高下游NQO1、HO-1的转录水平,增强细胞抗氧化酶系活性并调控细胞氧化还原系统,以达到减轻细胞氧化损伤程度、提高细胞抗氧化应激损伤的效果。     

Effect of the long-term intake of an egg white hydrolysate on the oxidative status and blood lipid profile of spontaneously hypertensive rats

This paper examines the effects of the long-term consumption of egg white hydrolysed with pepsin (hEW) on the antioxidant status and lipid profile of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The antioxidant capacity was measured by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and the oxidative status by the malon-dialdehyde (MDA) assay. The lipid profile was analysed spectrophotometrically. The radical-scavenging capacity of the plasma was increased and the MDA concentration in the aorta was decreased in the SHR treated with 0.5 g/kg/day of hEW. Our findings indicate that hEW played an important role in antioxidative defence of SHR and exerted a beneficial effect on the lipid profile, lowering triglycerides and total cholesterol without changing HDL levels. Therefore, hEW may be useful to prevent or reverse abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome and its complications, such as hypertension, oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia.