乙酰化辛烯基琥珀酸蜡质玉米淀粉酯的制备及性质研究

以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,选取乙酸酐和辛烯基琥珀酸酐对其进行双重酯化改性,以取代度为衡量标准,确定了蜡质玉米双重酯化淀粉的制备顺序是先进行乙酸酐的乙酰化再进行辛烯基琥珀酸酐的酯化,得到产物乙酰化辛烯基琥珀酸蜡质玉米淀粉酯。按照确定好的酯化顺序,以实验室自制取代度为0.0768的乙酰化淀粉为原料,采用单因素和正交实验的方法研究湿法工艺制备乙酰化辛烯基琥珀酸蜡质玉米淀粉酯,得出最佳工艺条件为:在辛烯基琥珀酸酐加入量为3%的情况下,淀粉乳初始浓度30%,反应体系pH8.5,反应温度35℃,反应时间4h。采用最佳工艺条件所得产品辛烯基琥珀酸酐酯化取代度为0.0197,利用红外光谱分析方法对乙酰化辛烯基琥珀酸蜡质玉米淀粉酯的结构进行了初步表征,并对产品的乳化性及乳化稳定性、透明度、表观黏度等性质做了测定和分析。     

酶解辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯制备粉末油脂工艺

利用酶解辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯为壁材,以油脂为芯材,制备粉末油脂。研究结果表明,乳化液制备的最佳条件为乳化温度60℃,乳化时间15min,加水量10倍（相比于固形物）。制备的乳化液经喷雾干燥得到流动性、稳定性良好的粉末油脂。在油脂包埋率方面,以酶解辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯为壁材,优于麦芽糊精、玉米淀粉为壁材。     

Preparation and properties of octenyl succinic anhydride modified potato starch

Potato starch was esterified with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) in aqueous slurry systems and the major factors affecting the esterification were systematically investigated. The physico-chemical properties of the products were determined by means of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and a viscosity analyser (VA). The results indicated that suitable parameters for the preparation of OSA starch from potato in aqueous slurry systems were as follows: concentration of starch slurry, 35% (in proportion to water, w/w), reaction period, 3 h, pH of reaction system, 8.0, reaction temperature, 35 °C, amount of OSA, 3% (in proportion to starch, w/w), OSA dilution-fold, 5. The degree of substitution (DS) was 0.017 and the reaction efficiency (RE) was 72 ± 1.8%. FT-IR spectroscopy showed characteristic absorption of the ester carbonyl groups in the OSA starch at 1724 cm⁻¹. SEM and X-ray diffraction revealed that OSA groups acted by first attacking the surface and some pores formed, but OSA modification caused little change in the crystalline pattern of potato starch (DS 0.045). Apparent pastiness measurement indicated that the starch derivatives gelatinized within a shorter time to achieve higher viscosities over the range of designed concentration of OSA potato starch.     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯作为微胶囊壁材的应用研究

以低黏度的纯胶为壁材制得的微胶囊产品,其干燥速度、油的包埋率、货架稳定性、粉末在水中的分散溶化能力及自由流动性和斥水性,都优于阿拉伯胶、糊精、麦芽糊精等壁材原料做成的产品。具有良好的自由流动性和分散性,在不同温度和相对湿度条件下十分稳定。本文就低黏度纯胶作为微胶囊壁材的应用详细地介绍了这类产品的结构、品种、性能、应用情况。     

西米辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的结构表征及性质研究

采用现代仪器分析方法对西米辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的结构特征、颗粒形貌、粒径分布、乳化性、糊粘度等性质进行了测定和研究,并以西米原淀粉作为参照。结果表明,西米淀粉经辛烯基琥珀酸酐处理后,产品的红外光谱在1570cm-1和1714cm-1处出现新的吸收峰,608cm-1处吸收峰加强;颗粒表面受到损害,形状发生不规则变化;颗粒粒径分布不均,平均粒径大于西米原淀粉;乳化能力和乳化稳定性有显著提高;糊粘度明显增大,热糊稳定性高,凝沉性较弱。为进一步研究西米辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的开发应用提供了一定理论依据。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠对花生酱稳定性的影响

采用正交实验分析法对花生酱的稳定性工艺进行优化,研究了辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠用量、原浆与水比例、匀浆速度及时间对花生酱离心乳析率、离心沉淀率的影响,并进行了花生酱储存稳定性和感官特性的比较。实验结果表明:原浆与水比例为1∶1、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠用量为8%、匀浆速度为900r/min、匀浆时间为3min时,制得的花生酱的离心乳析率和离心沉淀率最低,分别为0.92%和1.60%。相较原浆具有更好的稳定性与更高的感官评价得分,且粘度也最接近花生原浆。      

交联辛烯基琥珀酸大米淀粉酯的制备及其糊化性能

以大米淀粉为原料,三偏磷酸钠为交联剂,辛烯基琥珀酸酐(OSA)为酯化剂,制备了交联辛烯基琥珀酸大米淀粉酯(CLOSRS)。结果表明,制备CLOSRS的最佳工艺条件为:酯化温度85℃、pH9.5、OSA用量4.0%、酯化时间2.5 h。在最佳工艺条件下,CLOSRS取代度为0.0198。大米淀粉经交联、酯化后,理化性质和糊化性能得到改善。其溶解度由2.73%升至15.88%,透光率由7.57%升至14.73%,冻融稳定性也得到提升;糊化性能中的峰值黏度由2246 cp升至5326 cp,回生值由1276 cp降至273 cp,糊化温度由82.45℃降至76.32℃。      

A critical review on hepatoprotective effects of bioactive food components

Background: Bioactive food components are nonessential biomolecules, which help to give beneficial effects to human being against several diseases. Natural bioactive food components derived from plants and animals, such as phytosterols, carotenoids, polyphenols and fatty acids, have been proposed as valuable substitutions for anticipation and management of hepatotoxic effects and its chronic complications based on in vitro and in vivo studies.

Objectives of the study: To summarize drugs and chemical-induced hepatotoxicity and review how various bioactive food components attenuate the hepatotoxicity via cellular mechanisms.

Results: Remarkable studies demonstrated that the health promoting effects of bioactive components originated from plants have been frequently attributed to their antioxidant properties and facilitate to increase cellular antioxidant defense system and thereby scavenge free radicals, inhibit lipid peroxidation, augment anti-inflammatory potential, and further protect the liver from damage.

Conclusion: In this critical review, we summarize current progress in clarifying the molecular mechanism in hepatotoxicity and curative potential of the bioactive food components and its successive clinical outcomes in the field of drug discovery and overcome the problems of medication and chemical-induced hepatotoxic effects.     

辛烯基琥珀酸蜡质玉米淀粉乳化性质的研究

研究了辛烯基琥珀酸蜡质玉米淀粉（OSAWM淀粉）的乳化性质,其乳化活性和乳化稳定性随着淀粉用量、pH值、离子浓度的升高而增高;随着DHA藻油用量、DE值的升高而降低。OSAWM淀粉-DHA藻油乳状液油滴粒径较小,两峰值对应的粒径分别为0．46μm和50．11μm,其微胶囊粉末为近似球形,其包埋效率为92．21％,反映出OSAWM淀粉具有优良的乳化性能。     

干法制备十二烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯

以无水碳酸钠为催化剂,十二烯基琥珀酸酐(DDSA)为酯化剂,在少量水存在下干法制备了十二烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯(SSDS)。考察了无水碳酸钠用量、去离子水用量、DDSA乙醇溶液用量、DDSA稀释倍数、反应温度、反应时间对SSDS取代度的影响。采用FTIR和1HNMR对SSDS的结构进行了表征。结果表明,在无水碳酸钠添加5%、去离子水添加20%、DDSA乙醇溶液添加10%、DDSA稀释1.5倍、反应温度40℃、反应时间6 h条件下,制备的SSDS取代度最高可达0.0224。FTIR和1HNMR分析表明,成功制备了SSDS。      

Characteristics and application of octenyl succinic anhydride modified waxy corn starch in sausage

Native and acid‐hydrolyzed wx corn starches were modified by octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) in aqueous slurry systems. The characteristics of the modified wx corn starches and their effects on chicken meat sausages were evaluated by means of FT‐IR, rapid visco analyser, SEM, and texture profile analysis. FT‐IR spectroscopy indicated that the ester carbonyl groups in the OSA modified native and acid‐hydrolyzed starches were characterized at 1725 cm⁻¹. The process of OSA modification could achieve starch derivatives, which had higher viscosities, better paste clarity and freeze–thaw stability than the native counterparts. Texture results showed that the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the sausage increased as OSA‐H0 was added (p < 0.05). SEM revealed that the sausages with native wx corn starch had larger and uneven pores, while it was comparatively compact for the sausages with OSA starches. The OSA modified wx corn starch offered a great potential to be used in meat products to enhance textural quality.     

响应面法优化辛烯基琥珀酸氧化甘薯淀粉酯的制备

用响应面法(RSA)对辛烯基琥珀酸氧化甘薯淀粉酯(OSA-OSPS)的制备工艺参数进行优化.以氧化甘薯淀粉(OSPS)为原材料,采用水相法制备高取代度辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯.通过工艺优化,在OSA添加量5％、pH值为8.5、反应温度35℃、反应时间8h的条件下,可得到取代度(DS)为0.0219的氧化辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯.     

Influence of starch sodium octenyl succinate on rheological behaviour of wheat flour dough systems

Experimental and theoretical influence of addition of various amounts of three types starch sodium octenyl succinate (OSA) granules (0–20%): (a) non-physically modified, (b) pregelatinized and (c) hydrolyzed spray-dried on rheological behavior of wheat flour dough systems under oscillatory strain conditions was considered.     

Structural and rheological properties of potato starch affected by degree of substitution by octenyl succinic anhydride

The objective of the present study was to investigate the structural and rheological properties of octenyl succinic anhydrate (OSA) modified potato starch. Potato starch was modified with different concentrations of OSA (0, 1, 3, and 5%, v/v). X-ray results suggested that OSA modification did not disrupt the crystallinity of the native starch, and esterification occurs primarily in the amorphous regions. The use of ¹H-NMR spectra confirmed the presence of methyl protons in substituted OSA groups, which interacted with the starch molecules. In steady shear rheological analysis, OSA modified starch pastes showed a pronounced shear thinning behavior (n = 0.47–0.54). The consistency index (K) and yield stress (σ_oc) values of OSA modified starch pastes were significantly lower than those of the native starch. Dynamic shear rheological tests indicated that OSA modified starch pastes had weak gel-like behavior with storage moduli (G’) higher than loss moduli (G’’). OSA potato starch pastes were more viscous as compared to the native potato starch paste, as evidenced by their higher tan δ values.     

运动营养食品及其抗疲劳活性成分研究进展

缓解疲劳的关键在于保证机体运动水平,科学合理膳食与运动营养补充是主要途径。随着我国全民健康运动的兴起,运动人群不断增长,具有补充机体能量、减轻运动疲劳等作用的运动营养食品逐渐受到人们关注和重视,成为实现健康生活方式不可或缺的一个方面。目前,我国运动营养食品标准日趋完善,市场份额逐年增长,产业愈发成熟,发展前景十分乐观。本文从运动营养食品的定义及分类出发,系统阐述运动营养食品及其抗疲劳活性成分的国内外研究现状,并对其未来发展趋势做出展望,以期推动抗疲劳功能性运动食品的科学研究与应用开发,为普通大众了解运动营养食品、科学选择运动营养食品提供参考依据。     

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的制备及应用

辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯是一种新开发的变性淀粉,也是一种新型食品添加剂。通过综述该变性淀粉的反应机理、制备方法、产品性质及在各领域的应用,讨论了对该产品开发的意义。     

Influence of malting and lactic acid fermentation on functional bioactive components in cereal‐based raw materials: a review paper

Driven by increased health awareness among consumers, the production of foods and beverages enriched with functional bioactive components is gaining more attention. Malting and lactic acid fermentation are biotechnological processes having potential for producing functional foods and beverages. Due to various biochemical and enzymatic induced changes in raw materials, malting of cereal grains and probiotic lactic acid fermentation of plant‐based media increases the nutritional quality of treated raw materials. The improved nutritional quality is attributed to the accumulation of functional bioactive components along with the degradation of anti‐nutritional components. The selection of raw materials and process parameters are important factors to be considered for increasing the functional bioactive components such as dietary fibres, antioxidants and probiotics. This review article reports the current knowledge on the changes of bioactive components during malting and lactic acid fermentation using probiotic bacterial strains. Process parameters which affect the concentration of bioactive components in raw materials will also be described.