普光气田天然气组分特征及其碳同位素特征

普光气田是四川盆地近期发现的规模最大、埋藏最深、资源丰度最高的气田。通过对普光气田天然气组分和碳同位素的分析,普光气田是一个高含硫化氢的干气田,普光气田天然气组分以烷烃气为主,平均含量占总体积的78.37%;非烃气体以H2S和CO2为主,平均含量分别占12.63%和8.71%。烃类气体以甲烷占绝对优势,平均含量为79.81%;干燥系数均很大。普光气田天然气主要体现出油型气的特征,CO2的δ13C具有无机成因的特征。     

塔里木盆地台盆区天然气碳同位素分布特征及其意义

本文对台盆区天然气碳同位素分布特征进行了综合分析,发现台盆区天然气具有较低的烷烃气碳同位素分布;并且盆地内部碳同位素具有中部轻,周边重的分布特征;中央隆起区天然气甲烷、乙烷、丙烷碳同位素值总体上比塔北隆起区要低。结合前人的研究,综合分析认为造成台盆区塔北和塔中天然气同位素值的差异主要包括：天然气成因类型的差异;不同成因、不同成熟度天然气的混合作用;天然气的累积效应;TSR作用的影响;天然气的扩散作用。     

浅谈碳氧同位素在碳酸盐岩储层研究中的应用

根据非常规油气勘探的需求,本文提出了基于地球化学测试对白云岩储层进行研究.在白云岩岩石学特征及孔隙特征研究的基础上,通过阴极发光、碳氧同位素分析、锶同位素分析、主微量元素分析和稀土元素分析等地球化学手段对白云岩的成因机理进行探讨,能够准确判断其成岩演化模式,进而对进一步油气勘探打下基础.     

川西南汉源地区白云岩的碳、氧同位素特征及成因初探

川西南汉源地区震旦系灯影组地层主要由白云岩组成,厚度1370余米。经研究发现该地区白云岩碳、氧同位素值相对较集中,而且偏重。1δ3C值介于0.1‰-2.7‰之间,平均值为1.08‰;1δ8O值介于-2.3‰--5.3‰之间,平均值为-4.21‰。碳、氧同位素值可以间接反映成岩环境。通过计算得出古盐度Z值大于120,成岩平均温度为37.3℃,并且白云岩的有序度值偏高,因此判定该地区白云岩的成因主要为蒸发模式、渗透回流模式以及埋藏模式成因。     

应用碳同位素类型曲线探讨东濮凹陷胡庆地区的油源条件

碳同位素在一些物理和化学过程中可引起可测量的分馏作用.碳是石油中最主要的元素之一,受分馏作用影响,不同母质类型的烃源岩、原油及其族组分的碳同位素值会出现规律性变化,因此可用碳同位素值进行油源对比分析.用该方法对东濮凹陷西部胡庆地区的油源条件进行分析.结果表明,胡庆地区不同成熟度的原油均来自于洼陷带主要由藻类等低等水生生物构成的I型和Ⅱ1型烃源岩,层位上主要集中在沙三中和沙三下.用碳同位素类型曲线进行油源对比可消除原油成熟度差异的影响.     

川西地区须家河组天然气地球化学特征

通过对川西地区上三叠统须家河组地球化学特征的研究,其天然气组成主要以烃类气体为主,甲烷的含量在80%⁹1%,天然气组成特征为碳、氢同位素较轻,δ13C1介于-35‰91%,天然气组成特征为碳、氢同位素较轻,δ13C1介于-35‰^-32‰,δ13C2H6介于-25‰-32‰,δ13C2H6介于-25‰^-23‰;δDCH4介于-164‰-23‰;δDCH4介于-164‰^-154‰,δDC2H6介于-137‰-154‰,δDC2H6介于-137‰^-125‰;天然气的干燥系数(C1/C1-5)介于0.89-125‰;天然气的干燥系数(C1/C1-5)介于0.89⁰.98,普遍大于0.95,为干气。由于须家河组天然气中不含有H2S,天然气中甲烷碳同位素值与干燥系数之间成正相关关系,表明须家河组天然气属于典型的煤成气。     

塔中奥陶系油源岩碳、硫同位素对比分析

为进一步落实塔里木盆地塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩油—源对比,确定烃源岩沉积环境,利用奥陶系不同层位产出原油碳、硫同位素分析对比。研究表明,寒武系干酪根δ~(13)C总体上应该要比奥陶系轻,寒武系原油不同δ~(13)C值应该来自寒武系不同有机相烃源岩。奥陶系原油族组分的δ~(13)C值特征表明,在奥陶系内确实普遍发生了硫酸还原作用,并受其影响下,寒武统和鹰山组原油中硫代金刚烷、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩类单体含硫化合物的δ~(34)S值远远大于寒武系干酪根δ~(34)S值,也大于奥陶纪海水的δ~(34)S值,而与寒武纪海水接近,因此,寒武系无机硫产生了并入。在奥陶系和中下寒武统中均发生了硫酸还原作用,并对其中的油气产生了影响。     

氧碳同位素在湖相自生碳酸盐研究中的应用

在各种湖泊的沉积物研究中,自生碳酸盐氧碳同位素指标得到了广泛的应用。通过氧碳同位素分析实验,可以利用湖泊次生碳酸盐氧碳同位素恢复湖泊的古气候、古盐度和古温度。在样品分析测试时也应注意外源碳酸盐岩与湖泊自生生碳酸盐岩的区分。     

海相煤系烃源岩热解碳同位素生烃动力学研究

在限定封闭体系(密封金管-高压釜体系)下,对杨家岩剖面雷口坡组海相煤样品进行了生烃模拟实验,利用热模拟实验模拟有限地层温度及静压力,短时间内恢复地质条件下漫长的生烃过程.结果表明:随热解实验的进行,甲烷产量一直呈持续增长的趋势,其他烃类气体均存在一个生气值峰,随后产量开始下降,这与高温时期重烃气体热解成甲烷及非烃类气体...     

元素分析-同位素质谱法测定黄芪中碳、氮同位素比值及其在产地溯源中的应用

本文建立了采用元素分析-同位素质谱法(Element analysis-Isotope ratio mass spectrometer,EA-IRMS)测定黄芪中碳、氮稳定同位素比值的方法.该方法的稳定性和准确性均达到同位素比值测定的要求.利用该方法测定来自山西大同、陕西子洲、甘肃陇西和内蒙的黄芪样品的δ13C、δ15...     

Superheavy Isotope Enrichment Using a Carbon Isotope Enrichment Plant

Abstract

A¹³C isotope distillation separation plant was used to search for naturally-occurring superheavy isotopes. Superheavy (X^?) isotopes of carbon in CO would be only slightly less volatile than the normal ¹²C¹⁶O. Over 100,000 mol CO were passed through the distillation columns without product withdrawal during the experiment. Following cessation of flows, 201 gas samples were collected from the bottom of the high enrichment column. An argon impurity in the CO provided a “wedge” to enrich X^? isotopes at the CO/Ar interface in the column. Carbon isotopic compositions were used to calculate which samples might contain the superheavy isotopes. Enrichments of X^? isotope concentration of ～10⁵ were obtained in several 0.1 mol samples, which were analyzed for the existence of X^? isotopes at another laboratory. A limited amount of extremely pure ¹³CO was produced as a side benefit.     

Carbon Isotope Separation by Absorptive Distillation

Abstract

The feasibility of separating carbon isotopes by absorptive distillation has been studied for CO absorption by cryogenic solvents. Phase equilibrium, isotopic separation, and mass transfer data were taken between 77.4 and 114.3 K for the following solvents: propane, propylene, 1:1 propane-propylene, 1-butene, isobutane and nitrogen.

Carbon monoxide solubility followed Henry's Law, with a maximum experimental solubility of 6.5 mole per cent. Isotopic separation between CO in the gas and liquid phases using hydrocarbon solvents was several times that for pure CO vapor-liquid equilibrium. The maximum observed isotopic separation factor was 1.029 at 77.4 K with the propane-propylene solvent mixture. Mass transfer measurements yielded calculated HTU's of 2 to 5 cm for a possible separation system.

An attempt has been made to correlate isotopic separation data using Hildebrand's theory of solutions. The differential absorption of isotopic CO species is expressed as a difference in solubility of the isotopic CO molecules. Data for propane, propylene, and 1-butene show approximately the same behavior at varying temperatures.     

Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios in Establishing Maize Oil Purity

There are problems in establishing purity in maize oil by conventional technics of fatty acid composition, sterol analysis and tocopherol determination. It is shown that the new technique of stable carbon isotope ratio (SCIR) analysis overcomes these difficulties. Forty two authentic maize oil samples and eighty two samples of non-maize oils were examined and ranges and means for the SCIR values established. It is shown that there is a distinct difference and that no other common oil has an SCIR value approaching the range exhibited by maize oil samples. As little as 10% of impurity can be easily established.     

New Heavy Isotope Studies in Archaeology

Kinetic theory relating to the separation of isotopes in nonequilibrium evaporation, originally developed in the 1920s, is discussed in the context of the possibility of anthropogenic lead isotope fractionation in ancient metallurgical processes. From a consideration of the chemistry of lead and lead compounds and the results of a small trial experiment, it is concluded that any isotopic fractionation of lead is unlikely to be archaeologically significant given current measurement precision. However, application of the same theory to the tin isotope system shows that substantial and measurable isotopic fractionation is likely to result from melting and remelting bronze. Furthermore, recent studies show that tin isotopes do not vary significantly in terrestrial ores. This raises the possibility that tin isotope ratios will be systematically altered by melting, casting, and recycling bronze. This paper discusses the principles of tin isotope fractionation in ancient metallurgy and the potential for tin isotope studies to yield quantitative data on prehistoric metal recycling.     

炭黑后处理新技术及新型特种极性炭黑

本文介绍了一种炭黑后处理新技术及新产品。该技术采用固-液处理方式,具有方法简单、投资少、见效快等特点,其产品表面性质独特、流动性和分散性极佳、黑度高,可广泛应用于非水介质、水介质或水性化的填充着色场合。     

Characterization and Authentication of Significant Chinese Edible Oilseed Oils by Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis

The ratios of stable carbon isotopes (δ¹³C) of 12 oils extracted from Chinese edible oilseed samples and their individual fatty acids were determined by elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). The results have demonstrated that the δ¹³C ratios of the oils from C3-plant seeds range from ?26.8 to ?30.7‰, while the δ¹³C ratios of C4-plant maize oil are in the interval of ?14.1 to ?16.2‰. Eighteen fatty acids were identified and their abundances were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in these oils with C_16:0, C_18:0, C_18:1 and C_18:2 as the major constituents. From the data on fatty acids and stable carbon isotopes, several sensitive markers were developed to detect the adulteration of Chinese edible oilseed oils. Examples are provided with pre-blended samples to illustrate the discrimination procedures and corresponding sensitive markers with emphasis on camellia seed oil, flax seed oil and perilla seed oil.     

芦荟褐斑病菌生物学特性及防治的研究

对芦荟褐斑病菌的培养性状、生长温度和防治药剂进行了研究。结果表明 30℃最有利于病菌的生长 ,分生孢子平均 16 .5× 4 .7μm ,菌丝体在PDA培养基上的生长分二种类型。各药剂间防效差异显著 ,以 5 8%瑞毒霉可湿性粉剂 12 0 0倍液和 5 3.8%可杀得可湿性粉剂 90 0倍液防效最佳