A review: Hot topics on magnesium technology in China

Magnesium alloys have wide applications in automobiles, aerospace and so on due to many advantages, while a number of undesirable properties including poor corrosion resistance, inferior creep resistance and bad plastic processing ability have hindered their applications. Creep-resistant magnesium alloy design, plastic processing of magnesium alloys and rapid solidification processing of magnesium alloys have become the hot topics in magnesium technology. Other than these, surface modification as well as laser beam welding are also involved. The research progress and development in magnesium technology in China are reviewed in the paper.     

塑性成形方法对镁合金耐蚀性的影响及展望

随着镁合金产业的快速发展,如何通过塑性成形方法提高镁合金的耐蚀性成为了重要课题。镁及其合金因具有低密度、高比强度和较好的回收性等优点而受到广泛关注,然而室温变形能力和耐腐蚀性能差等缺点是其广泛应用的瓶颈。在总结镁合金腐蚀特点及面临问题的基础上,综合分析了国内外塑性成形方法对镁合金腐蚀领域的相关研究,综述了不同加工成形方法在提高镁合金耐蚀性应用方面的进展,从腐蚀机理和工艺参数2个方面进行了讨论。介绍了不同塑性成形方法对镁合金耐蚀性的影响机制,其中包括挤压–ECAP、超声滚压处理、等通道转角挤压、热轧处理、触变成形、板材挤压、板材轧制、交叉轧制、异步轧制和异步交叉轧制、压铸、快速凝固、搅拌摩擦焊、增材制造、喷丸等。从成分分布、析出相等微观角度阐述了影响镁合金腐蚀行为的机制,指出了塑性成形方法在提高镁合金耐蚀行为方面存在的问题,为提高镁合金的耐蚀性提出建议。     

Neue Märkte für Magnesiumverarbeiter – Spritzgegossene Magnesiumbauteile substituieren Kunststoffbauteile

New Markets for Magnesium Processors – Injection Molded Magnesium Parts Substitute Plastic Parts The impression might occur that the metal processing industry accepts that plastic parts usually supersede metal parts. This trend is broken in South‐east Asia. Former purely plastic injection molding companies have extended their range of processed materials on magnesium alloys and replace different kinds of plastics. Magnesium injection molding (Thixomolding®) offers the magnesium processing industry in Europe also the chance to penetrate the big plastic market. A sustained growth is reachable by capturing of small shares in the plastic market. Even though there are present still some disadvantages and the typical problems during the introduction of a new little spread process, the risk is high to “miss the boat” as far as the technology is concerned.     

变形镁合金的研究进展

镁合金由于具有质量轻、比强度和比刚度高以及良好的铸造性能等特点，在理论研究和实际应用上引起了人们极大的关注。近年来，世界各国纷纷致力于镁合金的研究开发。本文综述了国内外主要的变形镁合金材料的基本特性、力学性能和应用领域，介绍了目前变形镁合金材料的研究现状和进展，以及制备高性能变形镁合金材料的新工艺，探讨了镁合金的合金化原理和主要合金元素在变形镁舍金中的作用。     

重稀土耐热镁合金的研究现状及发展

重稀土元素在金属镁中有较大的固溶度,且固溶度随温度的降低急剧减小,热处理后固溶强化及时效强化效果明显,因此,重稀土耐热镁合金成为研究的热点。重点介绍了Mg-Y、Mg-Gd、Mg-Ho几种重稀土耐热镁合金及其研究现状,分析了Y、Gd、Ho重稀土元素的性质,在耐热镁合金中的作用及强化镁合金的机理,总结了重稀土耐热镁合金在应用中存在的问题,并对其发展及应用提出了具体看法。     

可生物降解镁合金血管支架管坯的材料制备及成形研究进展

对可生物降解镁合金血管支架的研究现状进行了综述。镁合金作为新型可降解物材料成为了研究热点,其中血管支架是其最有前景的应用方向之一。镁合金微细管材成形困难及镁合金血管支架腐蚀速率过快,是制约其大规模临床应用的2个主要因素。作者介绍了近期国内外的相关研究,包括改善镁合金力学性能,以及为提高成形极限采取的新成形方法,为提高镁合金耐腐蚀性而采取的各种处理方法等。     

包铝镁合金的工艺特点及应用前景

传统的镁及镁合金存在着表面耐蚀性能差、冷加工性能不理想等缺点。采用包覆轧制的方法制备包铝镁板Al/Mg/A1层状复合材料,并对其进行适当的扩散退火处理,可有效地改善镁合金的室温塑性低、耐腐蚀性能差等缺点,且显著地提高了镁合金产品的应用与发展,扩大了镁合金的开发应用领域及应用前景等。     

Magnesium — an old material with new applications

Magnesium alloys have been made more competitive for engineering applications through developments in alloys and casting techniques. The properties of magnesium alloys and the advantages of die casting are described. High strength-to-weight ratios allow thin-section designs which retain good fatigue and creep resistance and are suitable for EMI shielding applications. Machining, joining, surface treatment and corrosion resistance of alloys are considered.     

Creep Resistant Magnesium Alloys for Powertrain Applications

Creep resistant magnesium alloys are candidate materials for automotive powertrain applications. Since the 90's, a number of new creep‐resistant magnesium alloy systems have been investigated and developed. These are for the most part based on rare‐earth, alkaline earth, and silicon additions. This paper gives an overview of creep resistance in magnesium and a review of creep resistant magnesium alloys for power‐train applications.     

物理气相沉积在镁合金表面防护领域的研究现状

镁合金表面耐腐蚀性能、耐磨性能较差,物理气相沉积(PVD)镀膜技术是一种提高镁合金表面性能的有效方法。总结了PVD镀膜防腐蚀层和耐磨层的特性,分析了涂层耐腐蚀耐磨的机理和存在的不足。综述了镁合金表面PVD膜层的研究进展,阐述了物理气相沉积技术对镁合金的表面改性的应用现状,并对该技术在镁合金上的发展进行了概括,指出了目前PVD技术在镁合金表面防护领域的新前景,为今后PVD技术对镁合金表面防护的研究与发展提供了相关参考。     

Potential Magnesium Alloys for High Temperature Die Cast Automotive Applications: A Review

Magnesium, as a lightweight construction material, has rapidly grown its applications in the automotive industry since the early 1990s. To maximize the weight reduction of vehicles by lightweight magnesium alloys in the coming years, the use of newly developed high-temperature magnesium alloys is expected to increase significantly, particularly in the powertrain applications where the creep resistance is always required. This article reviews recent developments of the creep-resistant magnesium alloys. Fundamental aspects of the creep deformation theory and mechanisms are described. The metallurgical principles for designing the creep-resistant alloys are highlighted. The creep behavior of magnesium and its conventional alloys is discussed based on some microstructure analyses. The mechanical properties, microstructure, and manufacturability of the newly developed creep-resistant magnesium alloys are also overviewed. The further research and development work is outlined in terms of developing magnesium alloys for some potential and value-added automotive applications.     

镁合金焊接技术的研究进展及应用

镁合金有很多优异的性能,在航空航天、汽车、电子等领域具有广阔的应用前景,而镁合金的焊接技术是制约其发展的关键技术之一.简述了镁合金的性能及应用,着重讨论了镁合金钨极氩弧焊、激光焊、电子束焊、激光-TIG复合焊、搅拌摩擦焊、电阻点焊的焊接特点,综述了镁合金焊接技术的研究进展和应用.     

金属钙、钙合金的制备与应用研究进展

综述了金属钙和钙合金(Al-Ca、Si-Ca、Mg-Ca、Pb-Ca合金)的制备及其在镁合金、钢铁、能源等工业领域的应用研究现状,探讨了其应用过程中的作用机制。熔盐电解法作为制备钙及钙合金的主要工艺,提高电流效率是电解工程技术中的关键问题。开发含钙多元应用镁合金具有良好的前景,钙作为合金化元素改善镁合金组织和性能的研究尚需加强。     

镁基生物涂层材料研究现状

镁及镁合金作为硬组织植入替代材料具有显著的优越性,但如何对镁及镁合金进行表面改性以满足临床应用对生物材料耐蚀性能的苛刻要求,仍然是解决镁及镁合金在生物材料领域产业化应用的关键。本文综述了为提高镁基生物材料耐蚀性能研发的涂层材料种类、涂层表面改性技术的研究现状,提出了结合多种制备方法,通过对涂层的组成和结构设计来改善涂层的结合强度、稳定性及良好的生物适应性是今后努力的方向。     

Layered double hydroxide coatings on magnesium alloys: A review

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as a class of anionic clays have extensive applications due to their unique structures. Nowadays, the emphasis is laid on the development of LDH coatings for corrosion resistance and medical applications. Thus, this review highlights synthetic methods of LDH coatings and LDH-based composite coatings on magnesium alloys. Special attention is focused on self-healing, biocompatible and self-cleaning LDH-based composite coatings on magnesium alloys.     

AZ21B镁合金塑性成形工艺探究

针对镁是密排六方结构,室温下塑性差,很难进行塑性成形,及塑性成形工艺中加热效率、生产效率等问题,通过对镁合金材料性能、模具结构、加工条件等进行研究并做实验分析,探究其加热成形工艺（以AZ21B镁合金成形电池壳为载体）,进而获得较理想的塑性成形工艺方案及其模具。该工艺的主要创新在于设计并应用了一种镁合金加热送料通道,在保...     

Design of wear and corrosion resistant PVD‐coatings for magnesium alloys

Although magnesium alloys became popular in the first half of the 20^th century, the bad corrosion properties prevented their breakthrough in industrial mass production. Since the technology for the production of high purity alloys was introduced in the 1970s, magnesium alloys became more and more in the focus of industrial attention. Today magnesium alloys are state of the art in structural parts in automotive industry. Despite its outstanding properties like good castability, low density and nearly unlimited availability the negative aspects like weak corrosion and wear behaviour still limit the application of magnesium in industry [1]. So, the only economic solution is the deposition of a coating or a suitable surface treatment which provides both, wear and corrosion resistance. Today, plasma electrolytic anodisations are state of the art [2–5]. They provide acceptable corrosion resistance and protect the magnesium from mechanical damage due to their high hardness. On the other hand, their high porosity limits their use in combination with electrochemically noble materials, leading to galvanic corrosion [6]. In addition, the high surface roughness of the plasma electrolytic anodisations restricts their use in tribological applications, particularly under dry sliding conditions [7]. On the other hand, due to the high life time recommendations the application of magnesium in the automotive industries motion component field is a long term process. Nevertheless, there is a quite high industrial interest to apply magnesium in the motion component field in consumer applications like do‐it‐yourself or gardenig. Some examples are motor components of lawnmovers, motor saws or drills. Especially for these fields of application there are quite high demands on the corrosion properties due to undefined storage and the conditions during usage. In order to achieve smooth surfaces with high quality, the PVD technology moves into the centre of interest. Since the 1980s PVD coatings are well established and widely used for different industrial applications, mainly for steel and tool coatings. The authors were the first who carried out serious studies on the development of PVD coatings for magnesium alloys since 1999 [6, 7]. The extensive research activities lead to the recent development of a coating system, which provides both, good wear properties as well as good corrosion behaviour.     

Sb合金化在耐热镁合金中的应用

概述了镁合金的耐热性能及合金化设计依据,介绍了Sb在耐热镁合金中的应用,探讨了Sb对镁合金耐热性能的影响作用,展望了耐热镁合金的发展方向,旨在为耐热镁合金的开发提供思路和依据.     

数据驱动的镁合金结构与性能设计

随着材料基因组计划的提出,以及大数据技术和人工智能技术的飞速发展,基于数据驱动的新材料设计得到了广泛的关注,并逐渐成为新型材料研发的重要方法。近年来,国内外研究人员在基于高通量计算和人工智能技术预测材料组织性能等方面开展了大量工作,获得了大量通过实验方法难以直接获取的性能参数,形成了以数据为核心的材料设计方法。镁合金在航空航天、电子信息和生物医用等领域展现出很好的应用前景,但是强度低、塑性差以及耐腐蚀性能差等不足限制了其进一步应用。概述了近年来国内外研究人员利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算以及计算机人工智能的机器学习方法,在研究镁合金力学性能及相关组织结构,如热力学稳定性、滑移系启动能垒、成分/组织/工艺与性能关系,以及耐腐蚀性能,如阳极电极电位、功函数计算、阴极表面水解和析氢反应方面的进展,并展望了该研究领域亟待解决的问题以及未来发展方向。     

重庆镁合金研究与产业的发展现状与建议

重庆市的镁合金产业在短短的3年时间内,在国家和重庆市有关科技计划项目的支持下,经历了从无到有、由小到大的发展过程.在镁合金强化、塑性变形和表面处理等研究方向取得了多项理论成果与专利技术,镁合金产业也已初具规模,形成了从镁金属冶炼、镁合金加工、镁产品应用到废镁回收的完整产业链,镁合金材料已实际应用在摩托车、微型车、自行车、手动工具等产品上.重庆已发展成为我国镁合金研发与产业化的重要基地之一.