微/纳米锂锌铁氧体-锌铁氧体空心复相陶瓷微珠的低温自反应淬熄法制备及其电磁损耗性

以Li(NO3)-Zn(NO3)2-Fe(NO3)3-CO(NH2)2-酚醛树脂-KH550为反应配系,采用低温自反应淬熄法,制备了微/纳米锂锌铁氧体-锌铁氧体空心复相陶瓷微珠。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、综合热分析、高速摄影技术与矢量网络分析仪分别测定了空心复相陶瓷微珠的本征参数与电磁参数,并研究了其形成机理。结果表明:制备的空心复相陶瓷微珠粒径处于几十纳米至5μm之间,成分由尖晶石型的ZnFe2O4和Fe3O4、四方或立方晶系的Fe2O3、菱面体LiFeO2与立方晶系的Li0.5ZnFe2O45种物相组成,表面形貌呈现出纳米等轴晶、多种形貌的纳米析出晶与非晶形态,其中多种形貌的纳米析出晶与非晶组成共晶结构。制备的空心复相陶瓷微珠在低频段具有良好的磁损耗性。"自身细化"、"自身爆裂"、"碰撞"与"边缘效应"是微/纳米锂锌铁氧体-锌铁氧体空心复相陶瓷微珠形成的主要机理。宽的尺寸分布、表面组织结构多样化以及多种成分构成的复相结构是具有良好的电磁损耗性的原因。     

铝热剂对钡铁氧体空心陶瓷微珠合成反应的影响

以Fe–Fe2O3–Ba CO3为主配系、铝热剂(Al-Ti O2)为副配系组成反应体系,采用自反应淬熄技术结合热处理工艺,制备了钡铁氧体空心陶瓷微珠。借助于扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、高速摄影技术与综合热分析法,研究了铝热剂对钡铁氧体空心陶瓷微珠合成反应的影响。结果表明,铝热反应的引入,不会对空心微珠各个反应阶段产生大的影响,也不会改变空心微珠的成球率与空心率,但会引起空心微珠形貌改变和出现非晶结构。铝热剂的引入,提高了粒子反应活性,增加了体系的反应放热量,这有助于空心陶瓷熔滴的形成。同时,超大过冷度也使得空心微珠的相组成出现非晶结构。铝热剂的引入,导致体系反应放热量增大,是引起空心微珠形貌改变和出现非晶结构的直接原因。     

热处理温度对空心复相陶瓷微珠结构与微波电磁性能的影响

利用将火焰热喷涂技术、自蔓延高温合成技术及快速冷却凝固技术结合在一起的自反应淬熄法制备了前驱体空心复相陶瓷微珠,然后通过热处理获得了钡铁氧体空心复相陶瓷微珠吸波材料,研究不同热处理温度(600、850、1 100℃)对其形貌、相结构、相的相对含量与微波电磁性能的影响。结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,空心微珠的表面出现晶粒并逐渐长大,发育逐步充分,1100℃时出现明显的六角晶型物相;主相BaFe12O19和副产物相BaAl12O19含量之和逐渐升高,复介电常数的实部ε′和虚部ε′′逐渐降低,复磁导率的实部μ′和虚部μ′′在一定频段范围内有增大趋势;空心微珠吸波性能逐步增强。当热处理温度为1 100℃时,空心微珠的最低反射率为–19.5 dB,低于–10 dB的频带为8.7~10 GHz和15~17.3 GHz,带宽达到3.6GHz,优于未热处理、600、850℃热处理温度下的吸波性能。     

BaTiO_3/Ni_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4复相陶瓷的制备及其性能

采用溶胶–凝胶工艺制备了一种渗流型多铁性BaTiO3/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4(BT/NZF)复相陶瓷。研究了烧结温度和组成对BT/NZF复相陶瓷的致密化和显微结构形成过程的影响,并研究了复相陶瓷的组成与其性能的变化关系。结果表明:在1200～1300℃范围内不同温度热处理12h,0.1BT/0.9NZF(体积分数)复相陶瓷的介电常数达到14000～31000,远高于纯BT陶瓷的介电常数;磁导率达140,接近于纯NZF陶瓷的磁导率。提高烧结温度有利于陶瓷的密度和介电常数的进一步提高;增加铁氧体含量有利于获得铁氧体晶粒尺寸大和磁导率高的复相陶瓷。     

柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法合成金属离子部分置换钡基铁氧体及其性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶－凝胶工艺，以柠檬酸铁、碳酸钡、硝酸钴、硝酸锌以及柠檬酸等为原料合成了BaZn2Fe16O27,BaCo2Fe16O27,Ba2Zn2Fe12O22,Ba2Co2Fe12O22,Ba3Zn2Fe24O41,Ba3Co2Fe24O41铁氧体，采用XRD，SEM对其相成分、显微结构进行研究。并对其复介电常数，复磁导率在100MHz-6GHz下的变化规律进行了对比。结果表明，几种铁氧体的磁导率虚部随测试频率的变化曲线上基本都显示出非常明显的由自然共振引起的共振峰，且含Co铁氧体的自然共振频率高于含Zn铁氧体。     

B_2O_3-CuO复相掺杂对Ba_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)TiO_3陶瓷低温烧结及性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了B2O3-CuO复相掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)的陶瓷样品。通过差热分析(DTA)研究了纯Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3干凝胶煅烧过程中的反应过程;利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了B2O3-CuO复相掺杂Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷的物相组成和微观结构;探讨了掺杂2%6B2O3-4CuO对Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷致密度和烧结温度的影响。最后利用TH2818型自动元件分析仪系统地分析了掺杂不同配比、不同含量B2O3-CuO对Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3陶瓷材料介电性能的影响,得到了B2O3-CuO复相掺杂影响其性能的规律,即随着B2O3-CuO加入量的增加材料的介电常数和介电损耗开始增大随后减少。     

BaO-TiO_2纳米纤维的制备及其表征

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为络合剂,与醋酸钡〔Ba(CH3COO)2〕和钛酸四正丁酯[Ti(C4H9O)4]反应制得前驱体溶液,用静电纺丝法制备了PVP/TiO2/Ba(CH3COO)2微/纳米纤维,经过高温煅烧获得了BaO-TiO2微/纳米纤维。采用热重分析、红外光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜和能谱分析等手段对纤维进行了表征。结果表明:PVP/TiO2/Ba(CH3COO)2微/纳米纤维表面光滑,直径为300～700nm,经700℃高温煅烧后即可得到BaO-TiO2微/纳米纤维;随着煅烧温度的升高,BaO-TiO2微/纳米纤维的晶相发生改变,由BaTiO3逐渐转变为BaTi4O9。     

镍铁氧体/粉煤灰空心微珠复合粉体的制备及电磁性能

利用柠檬酸–硝酸盐溶胶–凝胶自蔓延燃烧法,在室温下制备了以粉煤灰空心微珠为基核、以镍铁氧体为包覆壳体的复合粉体,分析了复合粉体的物相、形貌、表面成分与电磁参数,探讨了复合粉体的形成机理。研究表明,自蔓延燃烧过程中,镍铁氧体通过非均匀成核方式在空心微珠表面成核、生长、延展,最终形成完整包覆层。自燃烧复合粉体包覆层含有少量Fe Ni3相,经900℃热处理后消失。由于包覆层物相、结构及基核间的微小区别,使得在2~18 GHz,自燃烧复合粉体的介电常数、磁导率与热处理复合粉体存在一定差异。     

热处理温度对M型BaFe12O19铁氧体空心微球结构和静磁特性的影响

采用共沉淀火焰喷雾工艺合成了M型BaFe12O19铁氧体空心微球。用热重-差热,X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜表征了产物的结构,并用振动样品磁强计测量了它的静磁性能。结果表明：当热处理温度为800-1100℃,保温3h时,能形成单相M型铁氧体空心微球。随着热处理温度的升高,晶体结构越完整,饱和磁化强度增大,矫顽力减小。     

热压烧结制备AlN-Al2O3复相陶瓷及其性能

以AlN和Al2O3为原料,Y2O3为烧结助剂,在N2气氛下热压烧结制备出AlN-30%(质量分数)Al2O,复相陶瓷:运用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜表征复相陶瓷的相组成及显微结构.研究了烧结温度对AlN-Al2O3复相陶瓷的相组成、显微结构、烧结性能、力学性能、热导率和介电性能的影响.结果表明:在1 ...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。