凝结芽孢杆菌CICIM B1821发酵生产L-乳酸的研究

凝结芽孢杆菌（Bacillus coagulans）CICIM B1821是一株实验室前期筛选获得的产L-乳酸的嗜热菌。该菌株在34～55℃范围内均表现出良好的生长特性和产酸特性,50℃时获得最高的比生长速率和最大的乳酸积累量。CICIMB1821能够在pH为5．0～7．5的范围内保持高的菌体活性。氧气的存在有利于CICIMB1821的快速生长．但会导致副产物的积累,而在不通氧的条件下该菌株也生长良好,同时产酸速率可高达5．63g／L·h。控制残糖浓度不高于10％的发酵条件下,发酵48h,可积累乳酸107．5g／L,副产物总和仅为1．05g／L,葡萄糖对乳酸的得率为97．5％,所产L-乳酸光学纯度高于99％。此外,高浓度葡萄糖发酵实验显示,该菌株可在高渗透压下利用20％葡萄糖发酵生产L-乳酸,发酵100h．可积累乳酸134g／L,副产物总和仅为1．12g／L,葡萄糖对乳酸的得率为92．0％。     

固定化细胞生产乳酸的研究

以海藻酸钠为材料固定鼠李糖乳杆菌ATCC10863．6^#,研究不同条件对L-乳酸的影响。结果表明,利用2％海藻酸钠得到的固定化细胞颗粒稳定性好,可维持150h无破裂,同时L-乳酸产量也相对较高。发酵培养基中酵母粉的最适浓度为3．0g／L,最适发酵温度为42℃,加入的最适接种细胞量为15％,最佳凝胶珠直径为2．5mm-3．0mm。通过4批次的重复发酵培养,第1批次发酵时间为48h,L-乳酸产量为40．1g／L。后3批次发酵时间均缩短为36h,L-乳酸产量约为45g/L。     

产胞外多糖乳球菌的优化培养

以苯酚硫酸法测定乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种WH-C1在不同培养基中的胞外多糖合成量,试验以WHEY作为基础培养基,比较了添加不同碳源、氮源对EPS合成的影响,并采用正交实验L9（3^4）对碳源、氮源的添加量及培养基初始pH进行了优化,确定最佳组合为：葡萄糖添加量15g／L,胰蛋白胨添加量5g／L,培养基初始pH值为6．5。研究了不同培养温度和接种量条件下该菌株的EPS合成曲线,结果表明温度对发酵液中EPS总积累量的影响较大,通过本研究确定了乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种WH-C1最佳培养条件为：培养温度25℃,接种量为2％（体积分数）,培养时间32h,EPs合成量为325．8mg／L。     

米根霉发酵木薯淀粉产L-乳酸的工艺优化

以培养基配方（糖化液、蛋白胨、酵母膏、麦芽粉添加量）和培养条件（培养温度、pH、培养时间、接种量）的单因素试验结果为 依据,选取糖化液质量分数、培养时间、pH和培养温度4因素,以发酵液中L-乳酸含量为评价指标,基于Box-Behnken试验设计响应面 法优化了米根霉发酵木薯淀粉产L-乳酸的发酵工艺参数。 结果表明,最优发酵工艺参数为糖化液26%、蛋白胨6 g/L、酵母浸膏4 g/L、 麦芽粉10 g/L、KH2PO4 0.3 g/L、MgSO·4 7H2O 0.4 g/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 0.3 g/L、CaCO3 45 g/L、培养时间80 h、培养温度29 ℃、初始pH 5.5、接 种量6%。 该优化条件下,发酵液中L-乳酸的含量可达84.33 g/L,发酵液中葡萄糖对L-乳酸的转化率为71.34%,其光学纯度为75.62%, 比旋光度为+2.12。     

天花粉蛋白基因工程菌发酵条件研究

目的：通过对天花粉蛋白基因工程菌T239发酵条件研究，优化培养及表达条件。方法：研究温度、PH值、培养时间、培养基成分、接种量、诱导剂浓度等6种因素对于表达量的影响。结果：天花粉蛋白基因工程菌T239发酵条件在温度30℃、pH值7．3、摇床转速200r／min、50ml／500ml培养瓶、接种量3％、培养时间30h、添加葡萄糖浓度为2．0g／L时，表达量最高。讨论：发酵条件对于天花粉蛋白的表达量有很大的影响。     

液体深层发酵法生产L-苹果酸的研究

以延胡索酸为原料，经^60Co诱变后获得优良菌株温特曲霉Aspergillus wentti F-891，在1000L罐中液体深层发酵生产L-苹果酸。试验研究了发酵过程中通气量、温度、pH值以及搅拌转速等因素对延胡索酸转化率、L-苹果酸产率的影响。结果表明，液体深层发酵生产L-苹果酸的最佳发酵工艺条件为：延胡索酸浓度11％，通气量1：0．8v／v／min（48h前）～1：1．20v／v／min（48h后），温度30℃（48h前）～25℃（48h后），初始pH值6．0-6．2，发酵周期96h-108h，搅拌转速200r／min；延胡索酸平均转化率83．07％，平均产L-苹果酸108．72g／L。     

甘蔗糖蜜发酵合成茁霉多糖

甘蔗糖蜜为原料发酵合成茁霉多糖（Pullulan）发初始条件，本研究以生物量和多糖产量为依据，确定以甘蔗糖蜜发酵合成茁霉多糖的初始发酵培养基，该发酵培养基的组成为：经预处理后的甘蔗糖蜜发酵合成Pullulan的初始浓度100g／L至140g／L，硫酸铵不宜超过0．6g／L，硫酸镁在0．6-1．0g／L之间，而氯化钼为0.2-0.4g／L，发酵初始pH为5．5。研究结果表明甘蔗糖蜜为原料发酵合成茁霉多糖的生物合成条件是：接种量为15％，发酵温度为30℃，在充足供氧的条件下发酵时间为144h。     

谷氨酸棒杆菌S6产L-组氨酸发酵工艺的研究

对L-组氨酸产生菌株发酵条件进行了优化,试验结果表明：种子培养基的最佳菌龄12h;菌种发酵周期60h。发酵培养基主要成分的质量浓度分别为葡萄糖100g／L,硫酸铵40g／L,玉米浆15g／L,硫酸镁2g／L。最佳发酵条件为300mL摇瓶的装液量30mL,接入2．25mL液体菌种,pH7．4,转速130r／min。将其应用于产生菌株S6,其L-组氨酸最高产量达到了577mg／L,比原发酵条件的222mg／L提高了160％。     

重组大肠杆菌产β-胡萝卜素的发酵条件

对重组大肠杆菌产β-胡萝卜素发酵条件进行了研究．在M9培养基中添加Span-200．7g／L有利于细胞生长和β-胡萝卜素表达，初始pH值6．0、接种体积分数5％、发酵温度28℃、抗生素氨苄青霉素质量浓度80μg／mL和氯霉素质量浓度40μg／mL为最佳发酵条件，在7L发酵罐进行发酵动力学试验表明，重组菌最适发酵周期为22h，细胞干重最高可达1．55g／L，β-胡萝卜素表达量可达0．75μg／mL。     

透明质酸补糖分批发酵工艺研究

采用马链球菌（Streptococcus equi）在7L自动发酵罐中进行分批补加葡萄糖发酵生产透明质酸（HA）。结果表明：采用葡萄糖初始浓度为35g／L,分批补加葡萄糖,使其浓度控制在20g／L-25g/L,通气量固定1．5L／min,通过调节搅拌转速（170r／min-300r/min）使发酵中后期溶氧控制在10％,可使HA的产量达到5．6g／L,平均分子量达到1．78×10^6u,较分批发酵时HA产量提高90％,分子量提高46％。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the