大豆油调和不同熔点棕榈液油的冷藏试验

为了制备适应不同储存温度的豆油-棕榈液油调和油,以大豆油与不同熔点棕榈液油为原料,采用冷藏试验方法优化抑晶剂种类、用量和调和油配方。结果表明,羟基硬脂精是效果最佳的抑晶剂,其最佳添加量为0.025%;调和油1(豆油70%+10℃棕榈油30% +羟基硬脂精0.025%)在0℃环境下储存可保持16h以上澄清透亮,在5℃条件可保持72h以上澄清透亮;调和油2(豆油70%+18℃棕榈油30%+羟基硬脂精0.025%)在10℃环境下可保持30h以上澄清透亮;调和油3(豆油60%+18℃棕榈油40%+羟基硬脂精0.025%)在15℃环境下可保持20h以上澄清透亮;调和油4(豆油60%+24℃棕榈油40%+羟基硬脂精0.025%)在20℃环境下可保持10h以上澄清透亮。     

以棕榈油为基础的鱼制品煎炸用油及其氧化稳定性研究

以棕榈油为主要原料,研制适合于鱼制品煎炸加工的煎炸油。研究了煎炸油的配比及其热稳定性、油炸过程中理化性质的变化,并用气相–质谱方法分析了煎炸油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:70%的24度棕榈液油和30%菜籽油组成的混合调和油的饱和脂肪酸为32.9%,单不饱和脂肪酸为49.8%,多不饱和脂肪酸为15.3%,不含反式脂肪酸。在油鱼质量比为10∶4,油炸温度180℃的条件下,每天煎炸30分钟,六天油炸鱼块后混合煎炸油的酸价(AV)、过氧化值(PV)羰基价(COV)都好于菜籽油。70%的24度棕榈液油和30%菜籽油组成的混合调和油是一种稳定性良好的煎炸油。     

超级棕榈液油在湘味面粉熟食冬季生产中的应用

湘味面粉熟食的冬季生产用油大多是一级大豆油,但是其用油成本较高、易哈败、产品货架期较短。本试验在大豆油中加入适量超级棕榈液油和抑晶剂制成调合油,用于生产冬季湘味面粉熟食中,分析比较各自熟食产品的品质及其在0～5℃冬季气温条件下的贮藏稳定性。结果表明,分别利用优化配方调和油和一级大豆油生产的湘味面粉熟食在品质上没有明显差异,均达到DB43/160.8———2009标准的质量要求;而且,调和油熟食的氧化稳定性优于大豆油熟食。说明利用超级棕榈液油部分取代大豆油来生产湘味面粉熟食,不但可以降低生产成本,还可以延长产品货架期。     

基于脂肪酸组成结合主成分分析识别不同比例大豆油和菜籽油调配的调和油

结合脂肪酸组成和化学计量学方法,对大豆油、菜籽油及其不同比例的二元调和油的识别进行基础研究,并分析不同比例调和油中脂肪酸含量的变化。结果表明在大豆油和菜籽油中,共检出脂肪酸组分17种,主要以油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和亚麻酸为主。在以不同比例低芥酸菜籽油和大豆油调配的调和油中,脂肪酸含量随调和比例的改变而呈现一定趋势的增加或减小。结合脂肪酸组成,对所有的139个样品进行了主成分分析(PCA),结果表明大豆油和菜籽油可以互相实现区分,不同比例的调和油样品分布在调配的溯源样品之间,基本按照比例关系分布成一条直线。研究通过对菜籽油、大豆油及其不同比例调配的调和油的脂肪酸组成进行了定量分析,分析了它们之间脂肪酸组成的变化,并结合化学计量学手段进行一些识别分析,为规范调和油的生产和保障公平有序的调和油市场提供参考。     

亚油酸比例对油脂热稳定性的影响

为通过调节脂肪酸组成以获得具有耐高温特性和营养价值的油脂,以大豆油、玉米油和亚麻籽油为原料,利用计算机建模计算得到亚麻酸与亚油酸比例约为1∶ 4的营养调和油,并对油脂在180 ℃条件下的酸价和过氧化值进行了测定,对不同温度下的油脂进行了色泽及TG-DSC分析。结果表明：调和油配方为大豆油48%、玉米油37%、亚麻籽油15%,调和油的脂肪酸组成为棕榈酸11.76%、油酸19.98%、亚油酸48.30%、亚麻酸12.34%。所配制的调和油相较于亚麻籽油热稳定性得到改善。     

中老年营养调和油的配制及其氧化稳定性的研究

根据中老年人群的营养需求,以油茶籽油、亚麻籽油、玉米油、萝卜籽油和DHA藻油为原料,气相色谱法检测原料中的脂肪酸组成以及含量,建立相关模型,利用Matlab数学软件优化中老年营养调和油中脂肪酸配比,得出中老年专用调配油的模拟配方。经验证配方中脂肪酸比例满足中国营养学会推荐比例,调和油在加热后稳定性良好,货架期可达12个月。     

营养平衡调和油的研制及氧化稳定性研究

以芥菜籽油和牛油为原料,制备营养平衡、适合人体吸收的调和油.通过数学拟合计算调和油的最佳质量配比,利用单因素及正交试验,以碘值和酸价为指标,优化了调和油的最佳调配时间、调配温度、调配转速,同时对比了添加不同抗氧化剂的调和油氧化稳定性.结果 表明:调和油的最佳质量配比为芥菜籽油∶牛油1.73∶1、调配时间30 min、调...     

棕榈油冷冻效果的条件探讨与分析

探讨精炼棕榈液油与未精炼棕榈液油的冷冻效果的差异,得出棕榈液油在精炼过程中产生了足以使棕榈液油的冷冻效果直线下降的反式脂肪酸.从中启示棕榈液油在精炼过程中,相对于其他油脂,其脱色剂的量不应太大,温度不应太高,时间不应太长,精炼程度不应太深.     

百香果果籽油提取工艺优化及其调和油的调配

以百香果果籽为研究对象,通过超声波辅助溶剂法提取百香果果籽油。以百香果果籽油的得率为评价指标,在单因素的基础上,选取超声温度、超声功率、超声时间和料液比进行Box-Behnken响应面法试验设计,对其提取工艺参数进行优化。研究表明,超声波辅助溶剂法提取百香果果籽油的最佳工艺条件为超声功率160 W、料液比1:16 g/mL,超声温度35 oC,超声时间39.3 min,该条件下百香果果籽油得率为24.7%。百香果果籽油的脂肪酸主要由亚油酸(69.6%)、油酸(17.1%)、棕榈酸(9.8%)和硬脂酸(2.2%)组成。参照食用调和油标准(Q/BAAK0012S),配制了百香果果籽食用调和油,配方为：大豆油56.5%、菜子油20.90%、百香果果籽油10.0%、玉米油3.0%、葵花籽油3.0%、花生油6.0%、芝麻油0.6%。该调和油含13.89%饱和脂肪酸、33.86%单不饱和脂肪酸和50.66%多不饱和脂肪酸,n-3多不饱和脂肪酸、n-6多不饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸含量分别为：4.73% 、45.90%、1.62%。     

棕榈油在金华酥饼皮中的应用研究北大核心CSCD

为提高金华酥饼的品质和健康安全性,并降低其生产成本,以改善酥饼皮的油脂组成为切入点,通过加入部分棕榈油来代替原本单一的菜籽油。将5℃棕榈液油、24℃棕榈液油和45℃棕榈硬脂与菜籽油分别按1∶3、1∶1和3∶1混合并制作酥饼皮,通过油脂相容性研究、产品感官与质构评价分析棕榈油的合理添加量。结果表明:5℃棕榈液油与菜籽油完全相容,而24℃棕榈液油和45℃棕榈硬脂与菜籽油在室温下存在共晶现象;混合油脂中5℃棕榈液油的添加量达到75%、24℃棕榈液油的添加量达到50%或45℃棕榈硬脂的添加量达到25%时,可保证制作的金华酥饼在感官、质构方面与传统金华酥饼相近。     

棕榈油基沙拉酱的制备

利用棕榈液油部分替代传统沙拉酱中的大豆油制备棕榈油基沙拉酱。针对该产品在低温冷藏条件下易发生的油水分离问题,选取不同的乳化剂进行单乳化剂和复合乳化剂实验。实验结果表明,将20%棕榈液油与80%大豆油混合制备沙拉酱,当植物油含量占沙拉酱原料重量70%左右时,等比例添加0.10%（占原料总重量）的复合乳化剂海藻酸丙二醇酯和...     

菜籽油-DHA藻油调和油在不同鸡肉烹饪方式下的品质变化

为了对DHA藻油调和油的开发和合理烹饪提供相关指导,将DHA藻油分别按菜籽油质量的2%、3%、5%、10%、15%与菜籽油复配制成菜籽油-DHA藻油调和油,并以蒸、炒、烧三种不同方式烹饪鸡肉,测定烹饪前后油样的脂肪酸组成、酸值和过氧化值的变化,分析探讨DHA藻油比例及烹饪方式对调和油脂肪酸组成及理化指标的影响。结果表明：烹饪后,调和油的单不饱和脂肪酸含量减少,饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量增加;三种主要脂肪酸油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量随DHA藻油比例增加呈不规律波动变化;除DHA藻油比例为2%的调和油外,其余调和油的酸值均在烹饪后增加,其中,DHA比例为3%、5%和10%的调和油炒鸡肉后酸值增加最大,蒸和烧这两种烹饪方式对酸值的影响相对较小;纯菜籽油、DHA藻油比例为15%的调和油的过氧化值增加量明显大于其他的调和油,总体上炒较另外两种烹饪方式更易导致过氧化值增加。综上,建议蒸鸡肉或烧鸡肉宜采用DHA藻油比例为2%、3%、5%的调和油,炒鸡肉则不宜采用DHA藻油调和油。     

棕榈油基沙拉酱的制备工艺

利用棕榈液油部分替代传统沙拉酱中的大豆油制备棕榈油基沙拉酱。研究产品配方和加工工艺条件。通过单因素实验和正交实验确定,将30%棕榈液油和70%大豆油混合制备沙拉酱,最佳配方和乳化条件:选用复合乳化剂海藻酸丙二醇酯和黄原胶(等比例),乳化剂添加量0.22%,水的加入量10%,变性淀粉添加量0.8%,乳化时间10min。在此条件下制备的沙拉酱感官性质及功能性质良好,0℃条件下存放3个月乳化体系稳定,无油水分离现象发生。对棕榈油基沙拉酱进行质构分析,结果表明该产品乳化体系稳定,其质构特征与全部用大豆油制备的沙拉酱样品相近。     

鳡鱼调和油的配制及烹饪应用效果

根据不同油脂的脂肪酸含量特点,通过数学建模的方法将鳡鱼油、花生油和大豆油进行调和,并用于土豆丝的烹饪,以扩大鳡鱼油的应用范围。结果表明,调和油中各油质量分数为鳡鱼油19.2%～28.5%、花生油55.5%～66.6%、大豆油14.2%～16.0%时,脂肪酸配比较合理,能同时满足单不饱和脂肪酸∶多不饱和脂肪
酸=1∶1和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸∶ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸=（4～6）∶1。烹饪后,调和油的酸值增幅比鳡鱼油降低了83.7%～123.6%,过氧化值没有显著变化,丙二醛含量低于0.3 mg/kg,二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）＋二十碳五烯酸（EPA）保留率高达90.3%～92.7%。调和油添加0.2‰复合抗氧化剂时,保质期可达到12 个月。     

Intake of unused palm olein and palm olein used in frying does not affect calcium and phosphorus bioavailability in rats

Palm oil is widely used as a cooking medium. This study was undertaken to examine whether extensive use leading to the formation of polar compounds has any effect on calcium and phosphorus balances. Three isocaloric diets containing 8% olive oil (O), palm olein (P) and palm olein from 80 repeated potato frying uses (PF) without turnover, and which nearly reached the limit of 25% polar compounds allowed by law, were prepared and given to three groups of growing rats during a study period of 28 days. Body weight and food intake were monitored and faeces and urine were collected to calculate calcium and phosphorus balances during the last week of the study. At the end of the experiment the animals were killed and their livers, serum and carcases stored. No differences were observed between food intake, body weight and food efficiency of rats which consumed palm olein, whether unused or used in frying, and the control group (O). The liver mass index was higher in PF than O rats. No significant differences were observed in apparent absorption and retention of calcium and phosphorus. Faecal calcium (p = 0.065) and the percentage of phosphorus absorbed (p = 0.084) showed a tendency to increase in rats fed diets with both unused and used palm olein and could be due to the known higher affinity of fat for Ca than P. No variations in serum calcium and carcase calcium and phosphorus levels were seen. The conclusion of this study was that consumption of palm olein, whether unused or used in frying, does not alter calcium and phosphorus bioavailability. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

A study on monitoring of frying performance and oxidative stability of cottonseed and palm oil blends in comparison with original oils

Blending polyunsaturated oils with highly saturated or monounsaturated oils has been studied extensively; however, in literature there is negligible information available on the blending of refined cottonseed oil with palm olein oil. Blending could enhance the stability and quality of cottonseed oil during the frying process. In the present study, the effects of frying conditions on physicochemical properties of the palm olein-cottonseed oil blends (1:0, 3:2, 1:1, 2:3, and 0:1, w/w) were determined and compared to the pure oils. The frying process of frozen French fries was performed in duplicate at 170 ± 5°C for 10 h without interruption. The oil degradations were characterized during deep-frying applications; peroxide, free fatty acid, and iodine value by standardized methods, fatty acid profile by using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, polar and polymeric compounds by using the high-performance size exclusion chromatography/evaporative light scattering detector technique. The present study clearly indicated that the oxidative and frying performances of pure palm olein oil and cottonseed oil significantly improved by blending application. Results clearly indicated that the frying performance of cottonseed oil significantly improved by the blending with palm olein oil. Except that free fatty acid content, all the physicochemical variables were significantly influenced by type of pure and blend oils. By increasing the proportion of palm olein oil in cottonseed oil, the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased, while saturated fatty acid content increased. The progression of oxidation was basically followed by detecting polar and polymeric compounds. The fastest increments for polar and polymeric compounds were found as 6.30% level in pure cottonseed oil and as 7.07% level in 40% cottonseed oil:60% palm olein oil blend. The least increments were detected as 5.40% level in 40% cottonseed oil:60% palm olein oil blend and 2.27% level in 50% cottonseed oil:50% palm olein oil blend. These levels were considerably below the acceptable levels recommended by the official codex. Therefore, the present study suggested that blending of cottonseed oil with palm olein oil provided the oil blends (50% cottonseed oil:50% palm olein oil and 40% cottonseed oil:60% palm olein oil, w/w) with more desirable properties for human nutrition.     

利用棕榈油制备速冻食品专用油脂

以棕榈硬脂和棕榈液油为原料,开发适用于速冻食品的专用油脂生产技术及配方。将棕榈硬脂与棕榈液油按质量比1∶1复配,用于制备速冻食品专用油脂。通过正交实验分析,确定了专用油脂制备的最佳条件为:复合乳化剂(丙二醇酯与单甘酯质量比为1∶1)添加量为油质量的1%,乳化温度60℃,乳化时间10 min,油水质量比5∶1。在最佳条件下,制得的专用油脂的乳化稳定性为92.2%。     

Frying of potato chips in a blend of canola oil and palm olein: changes in levels of individual fatty acids and tocols

The changes occurring in the levels of nutritionally relevant oil components were assessed during repeated frying of potato chips in a blend of palm olein and canola oil (1:1 w/w). The blend suffered minimal reductions in omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. There was no significant difference between the fatty acid composition of the oil extracted from the product and that of the frying medium, in all three cases. The blend also contained a significant amount of tocols which add a nutritional value to the oil. The concentration of the tocols was satisfactorily retained over the period of oil usage, in contrast to the significant loses observed in the case of the individual oils. The blend also performed well when assessed by changes in total polar compounds, free fatty acids, p‐anisidine value. When fried in used oil, the product oil content increased progressively with oil usage time. This study shows that blended frying oils can combine good stability and nutritional quality.     

Evaluation of shortenings based on various palm oil products

Several formulations based on blends of hydrogenated palm oil (MP 41·5°C) and palm stearin (IV 44) with other liquid oils, on direct blends of palm stearin with other liquid oils, and on 100% inter-esterified palm olein, were used as feedstocks in shortening production. The shortenings were stored at 20°C over a period of one month. Physicochemical characteristics, creaming properties and baking performance of the shortenings were evaluated and compared with the best shortening on the market. Slip melting point of the shortenings ranged from 41·5 to 46·4°C. Palm-cottonseed oil shortenings had higher solid fat contents at all temperatures than palm-soya bean or palm-low erucic acid rapeseed oil shortenings. The shortenings were rich in C₅₀, C₅₂and C₅₄ glycerides. Creaming power after 12 min of beating ranged from 1·55 to 1·77 cm³ g^?1. Palm stearin-cottonseed (3:2) oil shortening showed the best creaming performance. The specific volume of cakes ranged, for the experimental shortening, from 90% to 101% from the control, with low erucic acid-palm blends showing the best performance. In applications for both aerated cream and cakes, inter-esterified palm olein was excellent.