火灾事故对空分设备精馏塔器的影响分析

介绍在某钢厂40000m3/h空分设备安装过程中发生的一起火灾事故,叙述火灾事故现场勘察工作,分析了火灾事故的原因对空分设备精馏塔器的破坏程度,为防止类似事故的再次发生,提出了一些防范措施。     

温压炸药爆炸释热特性研究

为了研究RDX基温压炸药的爆炸热量释放历程,对自由场和半密闭条件下的TNT、852及G-1温压炸药爆炸过程进行了空爆试验,采用热通量传感器记录了3种炸药在两种试验环境下爆炸过程中的热通量时间历程。结果表明,热通量传感器可以获得炸药爆轰、无氧燃烧及有氧燃烧3个阶段的热历程时间曲线;在半密闭空间中爆炸时,G-1温压炸药有3个明显的热量释放历程:爆轰、无氧燃烧和有氧燃烧;TNT和852炸药只有爆轰和有氧燃烧过程。结合852及G-1温压炸药配方组成,对比分析热量释放时间历程曲线认为,铝粉均参与了G-1温压炸药的3个反应阶段。对比自由场和半密闭条件试验结果发现,试验环境对温压炸药反应历程影响较大,半密闭条件有利于提高温压炸药的热量输出。     

ZW-47/30型氧压机活塞杆燃烧事故的分析及处理

介绍了ZW-47/30型氧压机在运行过程中出现三级活塞杆燃烧事故的经过及损坏情况,分析了事故原因,提出了避免氧压机燃烧等重大事故发生的有效措施。     

响水化工厂爆炸TNT当量估算

为了使人们更清楚地了解爆炸的危险性,需要对爆炸事件的TNT当量进行计算,以2019·响水化工厂爆炸事件为例,对该爆炸事件的TNT当量进行了估算。在分析此次爆炸原因的同时,对比分析了多种TNT当量的计算方法,确定此次爆炸事故以建筑物的破坏程度计算TNT当量。根据爆炸事故现场建筑物的破坏情况,先确定出在爆炸周边不同距离处空气冲击波的超压范围,再运用萨道夫斯基公式计算出不同距离处不同TNT当量炸药爆炸产生的空气冲击波超压,将计算值与确定出的空气冲击波超压范围值进行对比,最终确定出爆炸事故的TNT当量。估算此次爆炸事故的TNT当量在400～500 t。     

响水化工厂爆炸TNT当量估算

为了使人们更清楚地了解爆炸的危险性,需要对爆炸事件的TNT当量进行计算,以2019·响水化工厂爆炸事件为例,对该爆炸事件的TNT当量进行了估算。在分析此次爆炸原因的同时,对比分析了多种TNT当量的计算方法,确定此次爆炸事故以建筑物的破坏程度计算TNT当量。根据爆炸事故现场建筑物的破坏情况,先确定出在爆炸周边不同距离处空气冲击波的超压范围,再运用萨道夫斯基公式计算出不同距离处不同TNT当量炸药爆炸产生的空气冲击波超压,将计算值与确定出的空气冲击波超压范围值进行对比,最终确定出爆炸事故的TNT当量。估算此次爆炸事故的TNT当量在400～500 t。     

煤矿用织物整芯阻燃输送带酒精喷灯燃烧试验探究

煤矿用织物整芯阻燃输送带具有优异的阻燃与抗静电性能,非常适合煤矿井下易燃、易爆场合的物料运输。酒精喷灯燃烧试验是此类输送带检测最重要的一个检测项目,可有效杜绝非阻燃输送带下井使用造成的矿井火灾事故及瓦斯爆炸事故。文章对煤矿用织物整芯阻燃输送带酒精喷灯燃烧试验进行探究。     

关于氧气钢管燃烧事故的研究

<正>分析了1980年4月24日鞍钢氧气厂、1980年5月18日鞍钢第三炼钢厂的两起氧气钢管的燃烧事故,都属于金属火灾事故的燃烧性质。其所需热量来自两个方面:钢管内的垢物随氧气流动摩擦钢管壁发生热量和钢管内易燃物在     

乳化炸药基质燃烧机理的研究

国内乳化炸药基质制备和输送过程中发生过若干次爆炸事故,为分析乳化炸药基质的热安定性,用改进的铁板实验方法,研究了乳化炸药基质在恒温开放系统条件下的燃烧过程和机理,得到乳化炸药基质热分解温度和燃烧温度与时间的变化曲线,计算了乳化炸药基质燃烧的化学反应热动力学参数.研究表明,改进的铁板实验具有良好的实验精度和重复性,可以评价乳化炸药的热安定性.同时乳化炸药基质在恒温开放系统下的燃烧经历了升温、恒温、发火、燃烧、熄火5个阶段,燃烧过程比较复杂.     

关于地铁火灾事故的人员疏散分析

地铁火灾事故具有其自身的特点,会造成大量的人员伤亡,所以研究地铁火灾事故的特点、原因,对现代经济社会的发展具有十分重要的意义。地铁火灾事故具有燃烧速度非常决、高温、浓烟和毒气具有十分严重的危害、易造成群死群伤、排烟和排热差、探测和扑救相对比较困难、人员疏散非常困难的特点。地铁火灾发生的原因主要有包括行车事故、设备故障、违章操作、乘客违反安全规定、人为破坏和管理不善等。要做到地铁火灾事故的安全疏散,必须从源头上和根本上抓起,可行的措施包括强化责任意识、制定疏散预案是基础、常常开展火灾应急演练、普及全民自我保护意识等等。     

汽车安全气囊爆炸威力的确定方法

安全气囊是一种汽车被动安全性保护系统,其中充填的化学物质能在车辆撞击事故中瞬间引爆并释放大量气体。安全气囊在制造、集中运输、集中存储、使用过程中经常发生意外爆炸事故,造成人员伤亡和设施破坏。为了准确计算汽车安全气囊的爆炸威力,基于典型气囊气体发生器的化学组成和爆热能量相似理论,提出了汽车安全气囊爆炸等效TNT当量的一种理论确定方法。结合安全气囊的三种爆炸反应方程式,确定了三种小型汽车典型安全气囊的等效TNT当量分别为32.6 g,37.3 g和31.6 g,平均TNT当量为33.8 g。基于计算结果,建立了等效的安全气囊爆炸有限元模型,通过将有限元计算结果与已有安全气囊爆炸试验结果进行对比分析,验证了该计算方法的可靠性和计算结果的准确性。     

氧气调节阀组的安全运行

简介氧气调节阀组的组成和结构,分析氧气调节阀组发生燃爆事故的原因;结合典型案例,从可燃物、氧化剂和激发能源燃爆三要素,分析氧气调节阀组的危险性;从设计、制造、施工和运行四个方面,针对性地提出安全防范措施。     

Forest Fire as a Factor of Environmental Redistribution of Radionuclides Originating from Chernobyl Accident

Radionuclide composition in particles of the smoke plume from the forest fire in the 30-km zone around the Chernobyl NPP was studied. The activity ratios of the radioactive isotopes of cesium, cerium, and plutonium in the forest combustible materials and in the aerosols yielded by the fire showed that these aerosols are enriched in radioactive cesium occurring predominantly on submicron particles transported to long distance. The fire area gets depleted in cesium radioisotopes and, to a lesser extent, in other radioactive products generated by the Chernobyl accident.     

Failure Analysis of Physical Explosion due to Gas Jetting from High-Pressure Pipeline

Jetting of the combustible gas with high pressure is a prelude to bringing into action of the chemistry explosion of gas cloud. Comparing with the leakage and diffusion of combustible gas and the chemistry explosion effect of gas cloud, the distribution of pressure, temperature and velocity formed by high-pressure gas jetting after the destruction of a pipeline, has been paid less attention to in the related field. There are a few fundamental data on the subject of evaluation of physical explosion parameters. In this paper, a physical explosion case of hydrogen gas transported through a high-pressure pipeline is reported, and a cause analysis of the explosion accident is proposed. Numerical simulation yields the field state parameters and the damage characteristics in the process of high-pressure gas jetting. In front of the leakage gas flow, a shock wave forms due to high-pressure gas jetting. The physical explosion can trigger the combustion of leaked hydrogen gas. Though the pressure rapidly attenuates behind the shock wave, a relatively high velocity is maintained until the control valve in the pipeline system is closed down or the jetting finishes. In the given accident case, the shock wave pressure reaches an order of 1 MPa and the temperature reaches 200–300 °C. This temperatures is obviously less than the igniting temperature of hydrogen gas, 400 °C. But the combustion of leaked gas may be triggered by the spark caused by the impact of instrument plates. Since the instrument plates near the leaking port of pipeline has been damaged already before the leaked gas burns, the electric spark from the line short or the strike spark between metal parts are also completely possible to trigger this combustion.     

Assessment of an explosive LPG release accident: a case study

In the present paper, an accident occurred during a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tank filling activity has been taken into consideration. During the transfer of LPG from the source road tank car to the receiving fixed storage vessel, an accidental release of LPG gave rise to different final consequences ranging from a pool fire, to a fireball and to the catastrophic rupture of the tank with successive explosion of its contents. The sequence of events has been investigated by using some of the consequence calculation models most commonly adopted in risk analysis and accident investigation. On one hand, this allows to better understand the link between the various events of the accident. On the other hand, a comparison between the results of the calculations and the damages actually observed after the accident, allows to check the accuracy of the prediction models and to critically assess their validity. In particular, it was shown that the largest uncertainty is associated with the calculation of the energy involved in the physical expansion of the fluid (both liquid and vapor) after the catastrophic rupture of the tank.     

对“12.14”氧气瓶爆炸事故的分析

从事故现场实际、必要试验数据及相关计算,确定该气瓶化学性爆炸性质和可燃物,确定爆炸原因,同时提出了防范氧气瓶爆炸的措施。     

硝铵炸药生产中恶性事故的防范

文章分析了硝铵炸药生产中的火灾和爆炸事故，认为硝铵混合物在高温条件下的热分解是引发这类恶性事故的主要原因，该文还给出了硝酸铵分解的要点，并提出预防事故的措施。     

Modeling of explosion thermal radiation

The hydrodynamic and radiation processes accompanying explosions of chemical explosives and fuel-air mixtures have been considered. Computer modeling of the radiation from a fire ball of explosion and a flame of diffusion combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel has been performed. The dependences of the heat flux density from the region occupied by explosion and combustion products on its temperature and geometric characteristics have been determined. Thermal load distributions on targets of different orientations in the vicinity of the energy release zone have been obtained. A comparison of the thermal parameters on radiation detectors with the criteria of thermal affection of people and ignition of combustible materials has been made.     

Pool Fires in Chemical Process Industries: Occurrence,Mechanism, Management

Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention - A pool or a pile of a flammable substance catching fire—which is termed a ‘pool fire’—is among the most common of fire-related...