菊粉酶特性的初步研究

以菊粉为底物研究了pH值、温度、底物浓度、金属离子对菊粉酶活性的影响及酶活随反应时间的变化情况，并测定该菊粉酶的米氏常数和酶活。实验结果表明，该菊粉酶反应的最适pH值为4.7，最适温度为60℃，Ca~(2+)和Zn~(2+)对菊粉酶有激活作用。该菊粉酶的米氏常数Km为0.35mol／L，V_(max)为0.52mg／min。     

克雷伯杆菌甘油脱氢酶的分离纯化及性质

在有氧条件下,利用Q Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析和Blue Sepharose CL 6B亲和层析提纯克雷伯杆菌胞内甘油脱氢酶.酶的纯化倍数和回收率分别为 32.61 倍和 5.83%.通过SDS PAGE电泳测得该酶亚基的相对分子质量约为 34 000.该酶最适表观反应温度和最适反应pH值分别为60 ℃和11.在30 ℃以下及pH值10~12时,该酶具有良好的稳定性.在45 ℃和pH值11条件下,该酶以甘油和NAD 为底物的米氏常数Km分别为 0.75 mmol/L和 0.12 mmol/L.甘油脱氢酶对甘油的生理反应活性最大,对其它醇类如 1,2 丙二醇、乙二醇也有氧化能力.NH4 和Na 对酶有显著激活作用.巯基保护剂可明显地提高酶的活力.     

雪莲果过氧化物酶的特性和抑制研究

以新鲜雪莲果为材料,对雪莲果过氧化物酶（POD）的特性进行了研究,并探讨了不同抑制剂及激活剂对酶活性的影响。结果表明：雪莲果过氧化物酶最适反应pH为6．0,最适反应温度为35℃,最佳反应底物（愈创木酚）浓度为O．008mmol／L,最大反应速度Vmax=135U／min·g,米氏常数Km=0．004182mol／L。在0-200mmol／L范围内,抑制剂对PCID的抑制作用为：NaHSO3〉L-cys〉柠檬酸〉Vc〉EDTA。在0-10mmol／L范围内,激活剂对POD激活作用为：CuSO4〉FeCl3。     

谷氨酸生产菌S_(9114)中依赖于NADPH谷氨酸脱氢酶的纯化及性质

利用DEAE 纤维素离交柱层析、疏水柱层析和凝胶过滤层析等从谷氨酸棒杆菌S9114 中分离纯化出依赖于NADPH的谷氨酸脱氢酶 (GOH NADPH )。经HPLC测定 ,该酶的分子量为 188ku ;经SDS -PAGE电泳测得该酶的亚基分子量为 3 2ku。提示该谷氨酸脱氢酶由 6个亚基组成。该酶对NADPH具有高度专一性 ,在pH 7 5、3 7℃下 ,以α 酮戊二酸、NH4Cl和NADPH为底物时的米氏常数Km 分别为 9 2 2mmol/L、5 2 7mmol/L和 2 3 1× 10 -3mmol/L。最适反应pH为 7 5 ,最适反应温度为 42℃ ,并对热比较稳定。此外 ,KCl对GDH NADPH的活性具有激活作用。     

固定化蔗糖酶的研究

利用海藻酸钙凝胶球的包埋作用制备固定化蔗糖酶，并对其性质进行了初步研究，结果表明，游离酶被固定化后，最适pH值为4.0，最适温度为60℃。在高pH值（pH8）和高温下，固定化酶比游离酶更稳定；固定化酶的米氏常数（Km=49.05mmol/L）略大于游离酶（Km=45.45mmol/L）；同时固定化酶明显提高了游离酶的储藏稳定性和操作稳定性。     

嗜酸乳杆菌亚油酸异构酶的酶学性质研究

本实验对嗜酸乳杆菌亚油酸异构酶的酶学性质进行了研究.结果表明:以亚油酸为底物,亚油酸异构酶的最适反应温度为40℃;最适反应pH值为4.0,pH值在3.0～6.0范围内有较高的稳定性;不同的金属离子和有机试剂对亚油酸异构酶的影响程度不同,同一种金属离子和有机试剂在不同浓度下也不相同;以亚油酸为底物的酶促反应米氏常数Km=33.33mol/L,Vmax=15.6mol/L·h.     

库特氏杆菌β-类胡萝卜素降解酶的酶学性质

从库特氏杆菌发酵液中分离出可降解β-类胡萝卜素的酶,经初步纯化,研究其生化性质,为后续研究纯酶性质和应用打基础。以β-胡萝卜素标准品为底物,通过检测其反应最适温度、耐热性、反应最适pH、耐酸性、活化能、米氏常数,最大反应速率等研究该类胡萝卜素降解酶的生化性质。试验结果表明:80℃为最适反应温度,具有较稳定的耐热性。该酶的耐酸性较强,在pH=3.0时活性最高。Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+),Zn~(2+)抑制酶的活性,Al~(3+)、Fe~(3+),Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+)促进酶活性。由阿伦尼乌斯方程得酶反应的活化能Ea为230.3KJ/mol。在70℃和p H 3.0的条件下,其反应动力学常数Km为4.13 mmol/L,最大反应速率Vmax为1.1842umol/(L·min)。     

鸭梨多酚氧化酶的特性及抑制剂研究

以邻苯二酚为底物，采用分光光度法在420nm处测定鸭梨多酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性，研究了不同底物、温度、pH值和底物浓度对其活性的影响，并建立了酶促褐变反应动力学方程，探讨了柠檬酸、EDTA、亚硫酸氢钠和抗坏血酸四种抑制剂对鸭梨酶促褐变的抑制效果。结果表明，鸭梨多酚氧化酶的最适底物为邻苯二酚，最适温度为30℃，最适pH为6．6；酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程所描述的单底物酶促反应动力学，以邻苯二酚为底物的动力学参数Km=0．333mol／L，Vmax=0．089U／min。相应的动力学方程为v=0．089[S]／（0．333＋[S]；四种物质对该酶均表现出不同的抑制作用，抑制效果为：抗坏血酸〉EDTA〉柠檬酸〉亚硫酸氢钠。     

丝瓜过氧化物酶的特性和抑制作用研究

研究丝瓜过氧化物酶最适温度、最适pH值、Km、Vmax及最适底物,同时通过正交试验探讨不同抑制剂组合对丝瓜过氧化物酶的抑制作用.结果表明,丝瓜过氧化物酶最适温度为45℃,最适pH值为5.0,以邻苯三酚为最适底物,Km=0.001516 mol/L,Vmax.=440.7U/(min·g).正交试验结果表明,最佳抑制剂组合为6mmol/L柠檬酸+6mmol/L EDTA+6mmol/L半胱氨酸+6mmol/L VC.在此条件下抑制率为58.89％.     

小麦多酚氧化酶酶学特性的研究

选取3个小麦品种作为试验材料,以邻苯二酚为底物,采用分光光度法在410nm处测定小麦多酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性,研究温度、pH值、底物浓度对其活性的影响以及酶促动力学常数Km,结果表明：小麦多酚氧化酶的最适温度范围为60～75℃．最适pH值为4．0～4．6,描述的单底物酶促反应动力学,相应的动力学参数Km=0．19mol／L．vmax=4．04×102（mol·L^-1）·min-1。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the