离子色谱法同时测定地下水中多种阴离子含量的研究

为准确地测定地下水中阴离子含量,采用离子色谱法测定地下水样品中常见阴离子含量,并对色谱条件进行了优化。最佳色谱条件为:ICS-1500离子色谱仪SA_23-25阴离子分离柱,ASRA自身再生抑制器,以4.5mmol/LNa2CO3和8.0 mmol/L NaHCO3为淋洗液,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测器为抑制电导检测器,对地下水中F、Cl、NO3、PO43-和SO42-进行监测。三个点位水样中除PO43-未检出之外,其他均检出,但未超出标准浓度限值。本方法相关性好(r>0.999),检出限低(0.02⁰.12 mg/L),精密度高(RSD为0.33%0.12 mg/L),精密度高(RSD为0.33%³.07%)。建立了离子色谱法同时测定地下水中阴离子的方法。     

离子色谱法测定辽河入海口水中无机阴离子

研究了离子色谱法检测辽河营口入海口水中的六种无机阴离子（F、C1-、NO2-、NO2-、PO43-、SO42-）的方法。实验采用Dionex IonPacTM AS22阴离子交换色谱柱,选用NaHC03和Na2CO3为淋洗液。阴离子的检出限为0．02mg／L～0．12mg／L。永远角水样相对标准偏差在0．46％～2．53％之间。准确度实验表明,六种阴离子的浓度检出结果均在标准样品所标注的浓度误差范围内。因此,该方法简单实用,用于实际样品测试的结果令人满意。     

基于碳纳米材料修饰电极快速测定水中亚硝酸盐

利用碳纳米材料石墨烯、碳纳米管分别对玻碳电极进行修饰,根据亚硝酸根(NO2-)在修饰电极上的电化学行为,快速定量测定水中NO2-的含量。实验发现石墨烯修饰玻碳电极对NO2-的检测效果更好。在最佳检测条件下(石墨烯碳纳米材料用量4μl(1 mg/ml)、溶液p H值4.0、富集时间1 min和富集电压0.7 V),石墨烯修饰玻碳电极的氧化峰电流与NO2-的浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围为5.0×10-6~1.0×10-3 mol/L,相关系数为0.999 0,检测限为1.0×10-6mol/L(以3倍信噪比计)。在高浓度的K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Zn2+,Al3+,Na+,SO42-,COOH-,Cl-,Cl O-,PO43-,CO32-等离子存在条件下,对NO2-的测定没有影响。利用该修饰电极对自来水中的NO2-进行测定,结果令人满意。     

吉安市大气降水化学特性及污染分析

依据2018年吉安市水文局14 个大气降水监测站点的数据,从降水pH 值、离子摩尔浓度及随时间变化趋势、离子间相关性、降水污染类型等方面分析了吉安市大气降水化学特性及污染源.分析研究表明：吉安市大气降水中硫污染较氮氧化物的污染更重,降水类型主要为燃煤型或者硫酸型污染.由于Ca2+、NH4+两个主要碱性阳离子对SO42-、NO3-两个主要致酸阴离子有很好的中和作用,其中Ca2+对降水的中和作用更明显,因此SO42-、NO3-两个主要致酸阴离子并未造成酸雨污染,吉安市大气降水类型为碱性降水.通过上述监测数据的分析以期为积极推行河长制,水资源开发利用工作提供技术支撑.     

应用离子色谱法同时测定饮用水中5种阴离子的含量

本文探讨用离子色谱法和传统方法对生活饮用水中的氟化物(F~-)、氯化物(Cl~-)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO~-_2)、硝酸盐氮(NO~-_3)和硫酸盐(SO_4~(2-))5种无机阴离子浓度同时进行检测,并对应用方法和结果进行了比较分析,结果显示:采用离子色谱法绘制的各离子工作曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.9990,加标回收率和相对偏差均符合要求,相较于传统方法回收率更好,相对偏差更小。研究结论表明,用离子色谱方法分析饮用水较传统的分析方法具有更加准确、高效、快速、生态环保等特点,更加适用于现代饮用水的日常检测工作。     

离子色谱仪测定水中阴离子的稳定性及精密度分析

在水质检测中,阴离子F~-、CL~-、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~- -N采用化学分析法步骤繁多、检测时间长、检测结果容易产生误差,而且使用化学试剂品种多,剂量大,许多试剂还具有高污染、难降解的缺点,容易对检测人员和周围环境产生危害。应用戴安ICS~-2100离子色谱仪测定水中4种阴离子,方法简便快捷,操作成本低,污染小。实验结果表明:ICS~-2100离子色谱仪工作性能稳定,精密度和准确度较高,可用于质检工作中。     

浅谈运用离子色谱法测定地表水中的无机阴离子

本文从色谱条件的选择、试荆配制、样品预处理、标准曲线绘制等方面介绍了运用离子色谱法测定地表水中无机阴离子的方法，并对方法的精密度、准确度和干扰消除等进行了探讨。     

离子色谱法在水质监测中的应用

在水质监测中应用离子色谱分析技术测定水中F-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO、PO和Br-具有操作简单、灵敏度高、准确性强、分析快速等优点，是近期内一项宜于广泛运用的分析技术，有一定的推广应用价值。     

离子对色谱分析无机阴离子技术

离子对色谱法是高效液相色谱法中的一种分析方法，本文根据有关资料，利用离子对色谱技术及ＳＡＡＲ法检测技术分析无机阴离子，获得了有关参数。     

离子色谱法测定水中氟化物、氯化物、硝酸盐氮和硫酸盐

在水质分析中,测定饮用水中的氟化物、氯化物、硝酸盐氮、硫酸盐通常采用的是化学方法.其步骤繁琐,操作复杂,速度较慢且灵敏度低;而运用离子色谱法,处理简单,快速高效,并在10 min内实现4种阴离子的同时测定,检出限低,效果很好.     

水环境研究的回顾与展望

简要介绍水环境研究所组建近10年来取得的主要科研成果。其创新性研究工作主要体现在：（1）水环境监测与标准化体系建设。实现了从常规污染物监测到技术难度较大的痕量有毒有害污染物监测的转变,水质监测技术实现了标准化;（2）水环境保护与水污染控制。开展了水环境演化机理、水环境污染模拟及水污染修复等理论的研究与实践;（3）水利水电工程的生态环境影响研究。着重关注了重大水电工程因改变水文情势所引发的生态与环境问题,为我国重大水利工程的规划设计和运行管理提供了技术支持;（4）饮用水安全保障。研究了饮水安全保障技术及相关设备;（5）水环境综合管理。研究了基于3S技术的水环境信息管理技术,协助业务主管部门开展了大规模的水环境状况调查,取得了多项创新性成果。最后提出了水环境研究今后的展望。     

饮用水源地水体有机氯农药的测定

建立了以固相萃取(SPE) 、 气相色谱2三重串联四级杆质谱法(GC/ MS/MS) 测定饮用水源地中 15 中有机氯农 药残留的方法。用 Bond Elut C18 固相萃取柱净化富集水样, 优化色谱和质谱条件参数, 在多反应监测模式下进行 定性、 定量分析。该方法对饮用水源地水样中的 15种有机氯农药回收率为 70 1 3%~ 12715%, 相对标准偏差( RSD) 为 0 16%~ 1212%; 检出限范围为 0 1 08~ 0 138 ng/L, 满足饮用水源地痕量有毒有机物监测的需求。用该方法测定 天津市某重要饮用水源地表层水体中有机氯农药分布状况, 结果表明该水源地水体 15 种有机氯农药中, 除六六六 和 p, pc 2DDD、 p, pc 2DDT 外, 其他几种有机氯农药均未检出。三个监测站点中, 15种有机氯农药总量从高到低依次 是入库、 库心和坝前, 分别是 1 1 85 ng/L, 1138 ng/ L, 0 1 96 ng/ L。根据地表水环境质量标准( GB 3838- 2002) , 该水 源地表层水体中 15 种有机氯农药均不超过集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目标准限值。     

Denitrification of nitrate-contaminated groundwater using a simple immobilized activated sludge bioreactor

A simple anaerobic-activated sludge system, in which microorganisms are immobilized by a novel functional carrier, was used for removing nitrate in groundwater. The operating conditions, including hydraulic retention time (HRT), C/N ratio, temperature and NO(3)(-)-N loading concentration were investigated. The NO(3)(-)-N concentration, residual chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrite accumulation were used as indicators to assess the water quality of the effluent. The anaerobic biomass loading capacity in the carrier was 12.8 g/L and the denitrifying Pseudomonas sp. and Rhodocyclaceae bacterium were dominant among the immobilized microorganisms in the anaerobic-activated sludge. Under operating conditions of HRT= 1.5 h, C/N= 2-3 and T= 16.8-20 °C, the removal efficiency of NO(3)(-)-N exceeded 93%, corresponding to a relatively high denitrification rate of 0.73 kg NO(3)(-)-N m(-3) d(-1), when the NO(3)(-)-N loading concentration was 50 mg/L. The NO(3)(-)-N concentration of the effluent always met regulatory criteria for drinking water (<10 mg/L) in the main developed and developing countries. The effluent COD was also below 10 mg/L. Although some nitrite accumulated (0-1.77 mg/L) during the operating period, it can be decreased through adjusting the operating pH and HRT. The immobilized activated sludge system may be useful for the removal of nitrate from groundwater.     

拜泉镇城区地下水化学特征分析

拜泉镇区内地下水可划分为第四系松散岩类孔隙潜水和白垩系碎屑岩类孔隙-裂隙承压水两大类型,共采集了11个无机全分析水样(潜水水样点4个,承压水点7个)和4个有机分析水样(均为承压水)。潜水水化学类型以HCO3-C l为主,而承压水水化学类型则以HCO3型水。城区潜水可C l-、NO3-、NO2-、Mn2+、NH4+、TDS、总硬度等指标均超标,而承压水只有Mn2+、NH4+超标,且超标程度低于潜水。可见,研究区潜水的水质已经受到人类生活生产的污染,水质较承压水差。虽然,目前研究区承压地下水所测试的有机物含量均没有超过饮用水标准的限值,但4个地下水样中均检出农药成分"666",这说明了研究区承压水均受到了人类农业生产中使用农药的污染。     

赣江河水主离子化学特征和径流效应以及控制机制

赣江发源于我国中南部的江西省,是长江的一大支流,为了客观分析该河流的水化学特征,开展水质评价,对赣江1958～2016年水化学数据进行了收集和分析。结果表明:①Ca~(2+),Na~++K~+,HCO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)是河流中的主要离子,pH值范围为6.0～8.8,TDS范围为15.7～141.0 mg/L,所有离子月变化量与河流流量呈正相关。1980年以前河流流量与SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-和Cl~-的浓度月变化正相关程度高于1980年以后,这表明河水化学特征1980年之前主要是非点源成因,但1980年以后为多种来源的混合。②海盐源Cl~-占河水Cl~-的比例小于19%,硫酸参与硅酸盐岩和碳酸盐岩的风化,反映了1980年以后人为活动有所加强。Cl~-/(Na~++Cl~-)和SO_4~(2-)/(Na~++Cl~-)的增加与江西省国内生产总量、人口、煤炭消耗、肥料用量的关系受废水排放影响。③根据世界卫生组织饮用水标准,赣江的水质符合饮用水标准,但应该警惕Cl~-和NO_3~-浓度在1980年后在持续增加。     

Oxidative degradation of chemical warfare agents in water by bleaching powder

Degradation of sulfur mustard (HD), S-2-(di-isopropylamino)ethyl O-ethyl methylphosphonothioate (VX) and Soman (GD) in water by bleaching powder was investigated. The degradation products were comprehensively analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and ion chromatography. Degradation pathways were deduced based on the identified products. The product analysis results indicated that HD could be degraded through oxidation and chlorination reactions, and a small portion of sulfur atoms could be mineralized into SO(4)(2-) ion. Oxidative degradation of VX could finally generate O-ethyl methylphosphonate acid (EMPA), sulfonic acids, SO(4)(2-) and NO(3)(-) ions. GD would be converted into non-toxic pinacolyl methylphosphonate via nucleophilic substitution.     

Assessment of health hazard associated with nitrogen compounds in water

This paper presents results of analyses of water in the river Ma?a Panew in South West Poland flowing through a rural area with some chemical industry developed. The aims of the work were to investigate the pollutants level in the river, compare the obtained results with obligatory drinking water standards and determine possible health effects when using the river as a source for drinking water production. Attention was given to nitrogen compounds as nitrate(V) ions (NO(3-)) and nitrite(III) ions (NO(2-)), mostly of anthropogenic origin, were detected in the monitored water. The average concentrations of NO(3-) and NO(2-) were 3.54 and 0.286 mg/dm(3), respectively. The chances for non-carcinogenic effects, namely methemoglobinemia, resulting from possible exposure to the examined chemicals were determined based on the analytical and toxicological data. As infants are the sub-population most susceptible to nitrate-induced methemoglobinemia, the assessment was limited to children aged 0-3 years. The determined values expressed by hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) indicate that the water pollutants and their concentrations do not exceed unity; however, in the case of infants, the other nitrate sources should be controlled.     

Experimental investigation on water treatment by the combined nano MgO-nanofiltration technique

A combined system using nano MgO and nanofiltration (NF) membrane was established to purify polluted water in this experiment. The turbidity, permanganate index, UVA254, colony counts and the concentrations of NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, Fe, Mn and Mg of the effluents from each unit of this combined system were measured to investigate the pollutant removal of this system. Based on the results obtained, the combined nano MgO-NF system could efficiently remove many kinds of pollutants in this experiment, including organic matter, nitrogen species, heavy metals, suspended solids and bacteria. And the effluents could meet the standard of drinking water. Furthermore, increasing the nano MgO dosage could not elevate the removal ratio of the pollutants, but only increase the Mg content of the effluent. Thus, 0.05 g L(-1) of nano MgO may be a suitable dosage for 2,000 L of polluted water treatment. Also, the operating pressure of NF membrane had no significant effect on pollutant removal when the operating pressure of NF membrane was increased from 0.3 to 0.9 MPa.     

基于三角模糊数的地下水饮用水源地水环境健康风险评价

为客观反映水体污染物对人体健康的潜在危害,基于三角模糊数理论,构建了水环境健康风险评价模糊模型,对石嘴山市地下水饮用水源地水环境健康风险进行了评价,分析了不确定信息对评价结果的影响。结果表明:健康风险评价结果对参数的不确定性不敏感;污染物浓度的不确定性对评价结果影响较大,不考虑污染物浓度变化,以平均浓度表示水体水质状况会导致风险评价结果偏小。石嘴山市地下水饮用水源地非致癌污染物健康风险极低,而致癌总风险均低于且接近1.0×10~(-4)a~(-1),Cr为各水源地首要的环境健康风险管理控制指标。水环境健康风险由高到低依次排序为第二水源地第五水源地第四水源地第一水源地。     

Behaviour of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-nonylphenol ethoxylates (4-NP1EO, 4-NP2EO) in oxidative water treatment processes.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as natural and synthetic hormones or industrial chemicals can adversely affect the endocrine system at very low concentrations. As such substances can be present in raw water used for drinking-water production, they potentially pose a health risk to humans. In this study laboratory tests were performed to determine removal efficiencies of selected oxidative drinking water treatment processes, namely ozonation (1.4 mg/l O3) and chlorination, using sodium hypochlorite (0.5 mg/l NaClO) and chlorine dioxide (0.4-0.6 mg/l ClO2) under conditions applied in technical plants. 500-300,000 ng/l of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-nonylphenol-n-ethoxylates (NPnEO) were selected for investigations and measured by HPLC/FLD and HPLC/MS. To investigate possible oxidation by-products, adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) were determined and estrogenic activities were assessed with the help of an estrogen receptor binding assay (YES). Ozonation and chlorination with ClO2 removed both 4-NP and BPA below detection limits, corresponding with AOX and estrogenic activity. Concerning NPnEO ozonation removed NP1EO and NP2EO up to 28% and 30%, respectively, whereas ClO2 showed high removal efficiencies, eliminating >94% and 92%, respectively. NaCIO removed 4-NP and BPA below detection limits, but estrogenic activities increased and AOX could be measured. NP1EO and NP2EO were only marginally reduced corresponding to the slight decrease of estrogenic potential.