大亚湾核电站18个月换料设计论证

通过大亚湾核电站18个月换料设计论证的简要介绍，试图说明一个现行年度换料策略的核电厂在向18个月换料过渡时。所必需的设计论证应涉及的主要范畴和关键技术     

大亚湾核电站实施18个月换料的放射性后果评估

针对大亚湾核电站实施18个月换料技术改造的特点，计算了大亚湾核电站在正常运行工况下以及各种设计基准事故工况下对周围环境的放射性后果。计算结果表明，大亚湾核电站实施18个月换料技术改造后，正常运行工况安全设施的性能满足GB6249－86的要求。     

大亚湾核电站18个月换料非失水事故分析

大亚湾核电站由年换料改为18个月换料，燃料组件由AFA 2G改为AFA 3G，堆芯中子学参数发生了较大变化。因此，需要对许多事故重新进行分析。本文给出了大亚湾核电站18个月换料设计中非失水事故分析的主要假设和结果，并简要介绍了在18个月换料设计中应用的一些重要方法。分析结果表明，所有的事故均满足安全准则的要求。     

大亚湾核电站18个月换料大破口失水事故的计算分析

大亚湾核电站18个月换料的设计中，堆芯焓升因子和功率峰值因子有了较大的提高，通过采用DRM分析方法和CATHARE程序对LBLOCA事故进行了较为全面的计算、分析和论证，得出了在18个月换料运行方式下，堆芯的包壳温度等参数仍然满足验收准则的结论。在此基础上重新建立了LOCA包络限制线。     

混合堆芯的热工水力设计

混合堆芯的热工水力设计是一项关系到核安全和可靠生产的重要内容。本文以大亚湾核电站18个月换料为例，阐述了混合堆芯热工水力设计的设计基准，重点介绍了混合堆芯的DNB热工水力设计方法，并对大亚湾核电站18个月换料工程的混合堆芯进行分析，结果表明，其设计符合要求。     

大亚湾核电站18个月换料燃料管理研究

对大亚湾核电站18个月换料项目中的燃料管理工作进行了描述，从18个月换料燃料管理目标的提出，到最终方案的确定，详细介绍了所采用的方法及所进行的分析。     

中小破口失水事故现实估算分析

介绍了以CATHARE和SAHASB计算机程序为基础的中小破口失水事故现实估算方法。在大亚湾18个月换料项目中，为了定义失水事故（LOCA）包络线和检查安全裕量，运用此方法进行了计算分析。结果表明，大亚湾核电站采用18个月换料之后，在中小破口失水事故时仍有较大安全裕量。     

REA硼酸箱容积问题探讨

介绍了压水堆核电站反应堆硼和除盐水补给系统(REA)硼酸箱容积的设计准则,以及技术规范对REA硼酸箱容积的限制要求.在比较分析大亚湾核电站18个月换料改造和岭澳一期核电站1/4换料堆芯改造对REA硼酸箱容积论证的基础上,预评估将来提高18个月换料燃料富集度到4.95%时,现有REA硼酸箱容积和硼酸浓度的缺额.为满足设计准则对REA硼酸箱容积的技术要求,建议在新电站设计中适当提高REA硼酸箱容积或者提高硼酸浓度.     

大亚湾核电站18个月换料启动物理试验改进

综述了大亚湾核电站实施18个月换料和低泄漏堆芯装载方案后，启动物理试验技术和试验方案的改进，并给出对试验结果的分析和评价。     

第23卷核动力工程2002总目次

综 述 先进压水堆关键技术研究与开发………………………………………………………………………周跃民 王明利 (1-001) 大亚湾核电站18个月换料设计论证…………………………………………………………………章宗耀 傅先刚 (5-001) 大亚湾核电站实施18个月换料项目的可行性研究……………………………………………………………沈 抗 (5-005) 大亚湾核电站延伸运行与长期低功率运行 ………………………………………………朱闽宏 傅先刚 王 斐 李现锋 徐树文 邓 毅 周国丰 (5-022) 西安脉冲反应堆…………………………………杨 岐 卜永熙 …     

田湾核电站18个月换料燃料管理策略

为实现田湾核电站1、2号机组长周期换料项目,制定了过渡到18个月换料的燃料管理策略。参考俄罗斯核电站管理经验,长周期换料项目需采用TVS-2M新型燃料组件。在正式向长周期燃料循环过渡前通过TVS-2M先导组件运行验证了混合堆芯相容性。TVS-2M组件入堆替换AFA组件将分成两个阶段,即前两个过渡循环装入带有包覆层的TVS-2M组件,后继循环装入不带包覆层的TVS-2M组件。田湾核电站两台机组经历4个过渡循环,逐步延长运行时间,最终达到480 EFPD的循环长度。过渡循环和平衡循环均采用部分低泄漏堆芯装载,降低了对反应堆压力容器的中子辐照。田湾核电站18个月换料燃料管理策略提高了机组能力因子和经济性并具有灵活的循环长度。     

MCORGS及次临界能源堆包层概念研究进展

次临界能源堆是以能源供应为目的的一种聚变裂变混合堆,以聚变驱动,天然铀为裂变燃料,轻水为冷却剂。本文针对该混合堆开发了基于MCNP与ORIGENS的三维中子输运燃耗耦合程序MCORGS,分析了包层三维中子学模型。提出简化干法后处理,设想利用衰变热将乏燃料加热到2 100K,将沸点低于该温度的裂变产物挥发去除。计算了包层各区材料每年发生的原子移位数,建议采用10a左右的换料周期,乏燃料经后处理后可多次复用。第1个寿期内氚增殖比TBR平均约1.15,包层能量放大倍数M平均约12;第2~9个寿期内TBR平均约1.35,M平均约18。利用流体动力学程序完成了包层CAD模型建立、网格划分及稳态传热计算分析,各区材料的最高温度均低于许用温度并有较大裕量。     

秦山第二核电厂燃料管理策略改进的经济性分析

秦山第二核电厂经过几个燃料循环后,为了提高经济性,准备改进燃料管理策略.因此在燃料管理策略改进前,应先进行经济性评估.从经济性角度,比较了年度1/4换料与18个月换料这两种燃料管理策略的优劣.     

Evaluation of uranium thorium and plutonium thorium fuel cycles in a very high temperature hybrid system

In recent times, there is a renewed and additional interest in thorium because of its interesting benefits. Thorium fuel cycle is an attractive way to produce long term nuclear energy with low radiotoxicity waste. In addition, the transition to thorium could be done through the incineration of weapons grade plutonium or civilian plutonium. Th-based fuel cycles have intrinsic proliferation-resistance and thorium is 3–4 times more abundant than uranium. Therefore, thorium fuels can complement uranium fuels and ensure long term sustainability of nuclear power.In this paper, the main advantages of the use of fuel cycles based on uranium-thorium and plutonium-thorium fuel mixtures are evaluated in a hybrid system to reach the deep burn of the fuel. To reach this goal, the preliminary conceptual design of a hybrid system composed of a critical reactor and two Accelerated Driven Systems, of the type of very high temperature pebble-bed systems, moderated by graphite and cooled by gas, is analyzed.Uranium-thorium and plutonium-thorium once-through and two stages fuel cycles are evaluated. Several parameters describing fuel behaviour and minor actinide stockpile are compared for the analyzed cycles.     

AFA3G燃料组件和燃料棒的辐照生长

叙述了AFA3G燃料组件和燃料棒在辐照情况下的生长机理，设计准则，计算方法和计算结果，论证了在大亚湾18个月换料情况下，AFA3G燃料棒和燃料组件的辐照生长满足设计准则的要求，并给出了设计的裕量值。     

Fuel cycle analysis of TRU or MA burner fast reactors with variable conversion ratio using a new algorithm at equilibrium

Partitioning and Transmutation (P&T) strategies assessment and implementation play a key role in the definition of advanced fuel cycles, in order to insure both sustainability and waste minimization. Several options are under study worldwide, and their impact on core design and associated fuel cycles are under investigation, to offer a rationale to down selection and to streamline efforts and resources. Interconnected issues like fuel type, minor actinide content, conversion ratio values, etc. need to be understood and their impact quantified. Then, from a practical point of view, studies related to advanced fuel cycles require a considerable amount of analysis to assess performances both of the reactor cores and of the associated fuel cycles. A physics analysis should provide a sound understanding of major trends and features, in order to provide guidelines for more detailed studies. In this paper, it is presented an improved version of a generalization of the Bateman equation that allows performing analysis at equilibrium for a large number of systems. It is shown that the method reproduces very well the results obtained with full depletion calculations. The method is applied to explore the specific issue of the features of the fuel cycle parameters related to fast reactors with different fuel types, different conversion ratios (CR) and different ratios of Pu over minor actinide (Pu/MA) in the fuel feed. As an example of the potential impact of such analysis, it is shown that for cores with CR below 0.8, the increase of neutron doses and decay heat can represent a significant drawback to implement the corresponding reactors and associated fuel cycles.     

大亚湾核电站18个月换料的现场技术改造

为了使核电厂具有更好的社会经济效益和安全质量效益，大亚湾核电厂实施了18个月换料现场技术改造。本文总结了大亚湾核电厂的现场技术改造及文件的管理，介绍了现场技术改造的试验结果。     

The sensitivity of fuel cycle performance to separation efficiency

Reprocessing separation efficiency is a major design variable in the implementation of advanced fuel cycles as it affects waste disposal requirements, fuel fabrication, system economics, and other fuel cycle system characteristics. Using a newly developed, physics-based integrated fuel cycle systems analysis model, this study investigated the impact of varying reprocessing separation efficiencies on fuel cycle cost (FCC), proliferation resistance and repository impact. Repository impact was captured by the disposal facility capacity governed by thermal output, the projected dose rate, mass inventory, and waste toxicity index. The coupled systems analysis model included fast reactor simulation tool to analyze the depletion in the fast reactor and the requirements for the fresh fuel in transient and equilibrium states. In this calculation, the feedback between separation efficiencies and fresh and discharged fuel compositions was dynamically accounted for. The new systems model was benchmarked against published results and used to investigate a single-tier nuclear fuel cycle scenario in which light water reactors (LWRs) and 0.5 transuranic (TRU) conversion ratio (CR) sodium-cooled fast reactors are deployed in an equilibrium that results in zero net TRU production. The results indicated that fuel cycle system performance is significantly affected by the changes in partitioning strategies and elemental separation efficiency in reprocessing plants. Moreover, the effect of varying separation efficiencies on reactor performance, fuel cycle mass balances and economic performance are discussed.