异形聚酯纤维的研究

本文研究了熔融高速纺冷却成形条件对四种异形POY(三角、丫、五叶和八叶形)的结构和性能的影响,并对假捻变形后的DTY性能进行了比较。随着吹风速度增大,POY的异形度和取向度变大,断裂强、伸度降低。风速适中时,可以得到U%值低,沸水收缩率大的POY。经假捻变形后,异形度高的POY(丫、五叶形)的横截面形状扭曲较大,断裂强、伸度下降,卷曲弹性较差。异形度氏的POY(三角,八叶形)可以得到性能良好的DTY。     

Modification of nylon 66 with diisocyanates and diacid chlorides. II. Physical properties

The physical properties of nylon 66 yarn treated with α,ω-diisocyanates (tetramethylene, hexamethylene, decamethylene, and eicosane) and diacid chlorides (succinyl, adipyl, pimeloyl, sebacyl, dodecane, and docosane) were compared to the properties of a control exposed to the same reaction conditions but without the reagent being present. Two types of yarn were used: (1) a highly ordered yarn, as judged by density and x-ray, from polymer of number-average molecular weight 21,000; and (2) a less-ordered yarn from polymer of molecular weight 14,800. Treatment was carried out with yarn in both constant-length and relaxed conditions. The properties were changed most by constant-length treatment and by the use of less-ordered yarn. Treatment with diisocyanates resulted in an increase in the tenacity and modulus simultaneously. The strength properties often went through a maximum as a function of the degree of reaction. Treatment with diacid chlorides degraded the physical properties as a result of polymer chain scission and weakening of the interchain forces. Treatment with either type of reagent lowered the zero strength temperature, but had little effect on the moisture regain or ability of the yarn to dissipate static electricity.     

Modification of nylon 6 by organochlorosilanes. I. Chemical reaction

The reaction of nylon 6 with dimethyldichlorosilane and vinylmethyldichlorosilane was investigated. Bright, 20-denier monofilament, nylon 6 yarns with 12.83% nitrogen, 61.16% carbon, and 10.16% hydrogen content were taken. Benzene or toluene was used as solvent for the reagents. The extent of reaction was estimated from the increase in weight of the parent yarn. Reaction was carried in the presence of nitrogen or in atmospheric oxygen (air). The per cent weight gain increased with increase in concentration of reagents, time, and temperature of the reaction. Viscosity and dyeability of the modified samples were measured, and in some samples the percentage of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen was also determined.     

SBS三嵌段共聚物及聚氨酯对涤纶纱线拉伸性能的影响

为进一步研究涤纶纱线的拉伸性能,将聚氨酯及用苯乙烯溶解的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SBS)对涤纶进行不同工艺处理,并进行拉伸性能测试和结果分析。结果表明:随整理液质量分数的增加,处理后纱线的断裂强力、断裂伸长率、断裂功均呈现先增后减趋势,但断裂强度较原纱均有所降低,而且聚氨酯整理后纱线的断裂强度较SBS整理的下降程度更大。对于纱线断裂强力、伸长率及断裂功的提高,聚氨酯整理效果优于SBS,而对于断裂比功,SBS的整理效果优于聚氨酯。     

涤纶低弹网络丝拉伸断裂性能表征

研究在不同的夹持距离、不同拉伸速率条件下涤纶低弹网络丝机械性能 ,从实验结果得知 ,在相同拉伸速率下 ,断裂强力随夹持距离的增加呈对数关系减少。在相同夹持距离下 ,随着拉伸速率的提高 ,平均断裂强力提高 ,断裂伸长增大 ,断裂比功也增大。     

受阻胺抗氧剂对PA6工业丝热氧老化性能的影响

通过尼龙6(PA6)工业丝和添加质量分数0.5%的受阻胺抗氧剂N,N'-二(2-萘基)对苯二胺(DNP)的尼龙6(PA6-DNP)工业丝的热性能和在热氧化过程中的力学性能的对比,研究了DNP对PA6工业丝的性能影响.结果表明:DNP不改变PA6工业丝的熔融温度,但会引起晶型的变化,对在氮气氛围下的热分解影响不大,对氧气...     

Change in the Properties of Textile Materials Containing Polyester and Cellulose Fibres Caused by Moisture

The hygroscopic properties, swelling, and change in the mechanical properties of thread containing polyester and natural cellulose fibres and one-component thread (yarn) were comprehensively investigated. The kinetics of swelling of textile materials is described by an exponential equation, and the coefficients of this equation are determined. It is shown that for yarn made of fibre blends, the equilibrium sorption and swelling values are satisfactorily described by additive dependences on the component content. It is found that equilibrium swelling is 2-3 times greater than equilibrium sorption of water vapors from air due to different mechanisms of binding of moisture with the fibres. It is shown that the breaking characteristics of flax and cotton varieties of yarn increase in swelling due to an increase in the frictional interaction between the fibres.     

PET废丝再生直纺涤纶工业丝技术的开发

研究了PET工业废丝液相增粘再生工业丝的加工工艺及再生熔体的流变性能,并与传统废丝再生的能耗做了比较.结果表明：再生聚酯熔体为切力变稀流体,其流变性能与原生聚酯基本一致;与传统工艺相比,采用液相增粘技术减少了加工工序,大大降低了能耗;纺制的丝强度为7.51 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为14.4％,干热收缩率（177℃,0.05 g/D,1 min）为7.1％,满足涤纶工业丝的性能要求.     

超高相对分子质量聚乙烯长丝蠕变性能的研究

通过悬挂重物一定时间后测试纤维蠕变伸长和用蠕变仪直接测量的方法分别测试了超高相对分子质量聚乙烯长丝和高强涤纶工业丝这两种高强纤维的蠕变性能。从试验中得出超高相对分子质量聚乙烯长丝具有比高强涤纶工业丝更高的断裂强度和弹性模量。两种纤维随悬挂重物时间的延长及重物重量的增加,其断裂强力总体上呈下降趋势,但程度不同。悬挂重物相同时间下,超高相对分子质量聚乙烯长丝伸长较高强涤纶工业丝小,且其形变在外力撤除后难以恢复,产生较大塑性变形,大大影响其力学性能。     

PCL–PEG–PCL triblock copolydiol-based waterborne polyurethane. I. Effects of the soft-segment composition on the structure and physical properties

This article examines the effects of the soft-segment composition on the structure and physical properties of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) based on polycaprolactone–poly(ethylene glycol)–polycaprolactone (PCL–PEG–PCL) triblock copolydiol as the soft segment. The molecular weight of PEG in the soft-segment composition and soft-segment content (SSC) are varied in this study. The water-vapor permeability (WVP) for the WBPU-coated nylon fabric is also studied. The results showed that the glass transition temperatures (T_g's) of the soft segment decreased and its temperature range (ΔT_g's) narrowed with increase of SSC up to 63 wt % and decrease of the PEG molecular weight. The dynamic mechanical analysis results showed that the α-peak height of the soft segment increased with SSC when the SSC was less than 63 wt %. However, when SSC was more than 63 wt %, the α-peak height became smaller with increasing SSC due to the crystallization of the soft segment. At the same SSC, the number of spherulites was reduced and the spherulites become larger with decrease of the PEG molecular weight. As for the mechanical properties of the WBPU cast film, the breaking stress decreased and the breaking elongation increased with increasing SSC or decreasing PEG molecular weight. For the WBPU-coated nylon fabrics, either higher SSC or higher PEG molecular weight improves the WVP. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:883–892, 1997     

低温等离子体处理UHMWPE纤维表面性能的多指标优化

利用正交表安排试验,对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维进行空气低温等离子体处理,测试各处理条件下UHMWPE纤维的力学和表面摩擦性能;采用矩阵分析法对多指标正交试验结果进行优化分析,找出最优方案并进行黏着性试验验证。结果表明:经空气低温等离子体处理后,UHMWPE纤维的断裂强度有所减小,表面静、动摩擦因数有较大幅度的提高;处理纤维的最优方案为功率50 W、压强15 Pa、时间150 s,此时纤维的断裂强度损失率仅为2.53%,剥离功为未处理时的4.25倍,说明由矩阵分析法得出的最优方案在保证纤维断裂强度损失很小的情况下,黏着性得到了很大程度的改善。     

Improvement of physico-mechanical properties of jute yarn by photografting with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate

Jute yarns were treated with an alkoxy silane monomer 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate under UV radiation. The monomer concentration and radiation intensity were optimized with respect to the extent of grafting and mechanical properties of the grafted (silanized) jute yarn. The enhanced tensile strength by 159%, elongation-at-break (237%) and polymer grafting (26.2%) were observed when the yarn was treated at 30 wt% silane in methanol under UV radiation for 30 min. The surfaces of both treated and untreated jute yarns were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) and it was concluded that the silane reacted or deposited on jute surface as a result of UV radiation. Water uptake and degradation properties of untreated and silanized jute yarn were studied in various conditions such as simulated weathering and in soil containing 25% water. The silanized jute yarn showed lesser water uptake as well as less weight loss and mechanical properties as compared to virgin samples.     

高强度聚乙烯纤维绳索的制备研究

研究了纤维的捻度及浸胶处理对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯 (UHMWPE)纤维力学性能及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明 ,UHMWPE纤维的断裂强力随着纤维捻度的增加而减小 ,纤维浸胶处理后的断裂强力增大 ;当UHMWPE纤维中改性氯丁胶粘剂或聚氨酯胶粘剂的含量为 6%时 ,其断裂强力分别增加 17.2 %或 13 .9% ,聚氨酯胶粘剂处理过的UHMWPE纤维的耐摩擦磨损性能最好。     

POY-DT生产工艺探讨

通过对Ｚｉｎｓｅｒ牵伸机的试车情况分析，阐述了ＰＯＹ－ＤＴ的主要工艺参数的设定及对成品丝的影响。随着ＤＴ丝单丝纤度的降低，ＤＴ丝的断裂强度提高，断裂伸长率降低，网络度提高。压缩空气压力一般应控制在０．２０～０．２５ＭＰａ，定期校正侧压辊压力在２０～５０Ｎ，并且锭位差异在±５Ｎ，可以得到质量好的拉伸网络丝。     

Breaking energies of a nylon series subjected to high-speed transverse impact

In a study of the transient behavior of a series of nylon 6/6 yarns differing systematically in mechanical properties, the effects of high-speed, transverse missile impact upon yarn specimens were observed by high-speed photography. The loss in missile kinetic energy was determined directly from the reduction in missile velocity and was studied as a function of yarn tenacity and missile impact velocity. The shape of the missile energy loss curves was due to the partition of missile energy into yarn kinetic energy and yarn strain energy. The missile energy losses and yarn dynamic breaking strains were compared to static breaking energies and breaking strains for these yarns. The observed trends are discussed in terms of the differing yarn tenacities and test rates.     

高强抗紫外PET工业丝的生产试验与表征

将含纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)的母粒添加到常规高黏聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)切片中,采用熔融共混挤出的方法制备高强抗紫外PET工业丝.在研究TiO2对高黏PET流变性能和结晶性能影响的基础上,进行高强抗紫外PET工业丝工业化试验,试验中针对性地调整纺丝工艺,制得了不同TiO2含量的高强抗紫外PET工业丝,并对其结构和...     

不同原料对合成PUR弹性体性能的影响

采用相同官能度、不同分子量的聚醚多元醇和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TD I)及扩链剂反应合成了系列聚氨酯(PUR)弹性体,同时对所合成的PUR弹性体进行了表征。结果表明,聚醚多元醇的相对分子质量对PUR弹性体的性能有较大影响,相对分子质量越大,柔性链段含量就越多,弹性体的拉伸强度、断裂强度和硬度就减小,断裂伸长率则相对提高。同时也进一步证明了软硬链段之间的均匀分布和较强的相互作用更有利于弹性体力学性能的提高。     

Use of Interpolation Theory for Determination of The Breaking Load of Blended Yarn

A method for using interpolation theory for determining the breaking load of blended yarn is developed. Lagrangian polynomials are obtained and can be used to predict the breaking load of cotton—Lavsan yarn processed by ring and air spinning methods as a function of the initial properties and percentage content of natural and chemical fibres.     

Effects of gamma irradiation,gas environments,and postirradiation aging on ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene

The effects of low-dose (1 to 5 Mrad) gamma irradiation in different gas environments on thermal and tensile properties, and mass of melt-crystallized ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) have been investigated. The gamma irradiation was conducted under four different environments, air, nitrogen, acetylene, and vacuum. Thermal parameters were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that both irradiation dose and environments affected the thermal and tensile properties. Gamma irradiation significantly increased the melting temperature of UHMW-PE in all cases. However, the oxidation temperatures of irradiated polyethylene was lowered in all cases except those associated with acetylene environment. The crystallinity of the polymer was increased upon irradiation. Tensile yield strength and modulus of irradiated UHMW-PE increased for all cases except those treated at 1.25 and 2.5 Mrad, and in nitrogen environment that showed a decrease in the modulus. Gamma irradiation caused a weight gain of UHMW-PE in all conditions. To further the study, the postirradiation aging effect on the irradiated polymer was examined during a period of 1 year, and the results showed that the thermal and tensile properties of UHMW-PE were, indeed, affected. The data suggests that irradiation in acetylene affects mainly the crosslinking of the polymer. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

含木棉纤维牛仔面料的开发与服用性能研究

本研究采用纯棉纱线作经纱与木棉／棉混纺纱线交织,设计开发木棉／棉混纺牛仔面料,并对生产过程织前工序、织造过程、丝光后整理各工艺关键技术进行分析,通过对面料基本结构参数、透气性能、毛细效应、物理机械性能等分析实验数据对比坯布与丝光成品面料性能差异。丝光整理后,面料结构更为紧凑,透气率降低,面料润湿性能有所改善。经向断裂强力和断裂伸长率增大,纬向断裂强力和断裂伸长率下降且其强力降幅高达31．8％。而经向撕破强力略微降低,纬向撕破强力提高26．0％。丝光整理后纤维问的抱合力减少,面料耐磨性是降低的。最后对丝光成品面料进行GB／T18401—2010（B类）服用安全性能测试评估,木棉／棉丝光成品面料均达到FZ／T81006—2007的各项牛仔服装服用安全性能标准要求。