基于改进遗传算法的配电网主馈线分段开关配置

本文以分段开关接入配电网主馈线后系统的可靠性成本和效益为目标建立相应的数学模型。针对遗传算法收敛速度慢、易早熟等缺点,采用基于自适应模拟退火改进的遗传算法进行分段优化,引入自适应机制优化交叉和变异算子,同时引入模拟退火算法。将遗传算法的全局搜索能力强与模拟退火算法局部搜索能力强的特点结合起来,提高算法局部寻优能力,更快接近全局最优解,在保证解的质量的同时提高了收敛的速度。     

混合策略改进的鲸鱼优化算法

针对标准鲸鱼优化算法易出现搜索速度慢、寻优精度低及早熟收敛等问题,提出一种混合策略改进的鲸鱼优化算法。首先采用混沌映射生成初始种群增加种群多样性,为算法全局搜索奠定基础;然后引入非线性策略改进收敛因子和惯性权重,平衡算法的全局探索与局部开发能力并加快收敛速度;最后根据群体适应度方差设定阈值进行变异操作,避免算法出现早熟收敛的现象。通过对12个典型基准函数进行三方面的性能测试,实验结果表明,改进算法在搜索速度、收敛精度等方面有显著提高,且摆脱陷入局部最优解的能力强。     

基于混沌“微变异”自适应遗传算法

遗传算法可以较好地解决复杂的组合优化问题,但也存在两方面不足:一是搜索效率比其他优化算法低;二是容易过早收敛,陷入局部最优.对此,提出一种混沌“微变异”遗传算法.利用混沌优化算法具有随机性和遍历性的特点,解决遗传算法容易陷入局部最优解的早熟问题,使得新算法同时具有较强的局部搜索能力和完成全局寻找最优解的能力.同时,对遗传算法的选择算子增加了混沌扰动,对交叉算子和变异算子进行自适应调整,对适应度函数进行改进,使遗传算法整体性能得到提高.最后,通过经典函数验证表明,混沌“微变异”遗传算法比一般的混沌遗传算法和经典遗传算法的进化速度更快,搜索精度更高.     

GASS Ⅱ遗传模拟混合智能优化算法

通过对遗传算法算子的行为分析,给出概率动态变化的交叉和变异算子.同时,将遗传算法与随机模拟结合,设计GASS Ⅱ遗传模拟混合智能优化算法.随机模拟采用缩减方差、加速收敛的分层抽样技术,保证抽样遍布整个搜索空间,突破个体分布"畸形"交叉对遗传算法进化能力的限制,有效发挥遗传算法的隐合并行搜索特性,在发生不成熟收敛时能从当前局部解中跳出,搜索转向具有更高适应度的抽样解,迅速收敛到全局最优解,从而有效避免早熟现象,提高了寻优的效率与精度.Benchmark问题评测结果显示出该算法的有效性.     

混沌萤火虫优化算法的研究及应用

针对基本萤火虫群优化算法的早熟收敛,易陷入局部最优值,求解精度不高等问题,提出了一种基于切比雪夫映射的混沌萤火虫优化算法。利用混沌系统的随机性和遍历性初始化萤火虫群,获得了质量较高且分布较均匀的初始解;同时对部分适应值低的个体进行了混沌优化,以提高种群的多样性。对4个标准测试函数进行了仿真实验,结果表明该算法的求解精度、全局搜索能力优于基本萤火虫优化算法。将改进算法应用于车辆路径问题的求解中,结果表明了改进算法的有效性。     

一种面向路径的测试用例自动生成方法

由于标准遗传算法一般使用固定的交叉和变异概率,并且容易出现局部收敛、早熟等现象,降低了遗传算法的全局搜索效率。针对这种情况,提出一种改进遗传算法。在使用实数编码的前提下,对适应度函数进行优化改进,避免过早收敛,对变异和交叉算法进行优化,使得交叉和变异概率能够自适应调整,增加种族的多样性,确保算法的全局搜索能力。实验结果表明,改进之后的遗传算法可以达到很高的路径覆盖率,搜索效率比标准遗传算法高。     

一种算子操作概率的自适应策略

在分析传统遗传算法易发生早熟收敛的基础上，本文提出了一种改进算法IGA。IGA采用一种新的交叉率变异率自适应变化的策略，防止在进化初期种群不发生变化造成算法早熟。数值计算结果表明，利用改进策略的IGA搜索整体性较强，可以有效地避免早熟现象产生，提高全局优化能力。     

改进梯度算子的小生境遗传算法

为避免小生境遗传算法存在的早熟和收敛速度慢等问题,本文提出了一种改进的梯度算子,以保证进化朝最优解方向前进,提高计算峰值的精度。同时,利用进化代数和个体的适应度值,动态调整个体的交叉算子和变异算子,有效保证种群的多样性,改善全局搜索能力,加快收敛速度。将改进的梯度算子引入到基本小生境遗传算法和自适应小生境遗传算法,通过Shubert函数测试,证明本文改进后的算法与基本小生境遗传算法和自适应小生境遗传算法相比,不仅大大提高了收敛速度,并能搜索到所有全局最优解。     

混流车间调度问题的多对染色体遗传算法求解

混流车间调度问题有很强的工程背景,一直是调度领域的研究热点。针对简单遗传算法在求解混流车间调度问题时存在的早熟收敛和易陷入局部极值点的现象,提出了多对染色体遗传算法。多对染色体提供了保留低适应度个体中的有用的染色体的功能,这一染色体构成最优解的部分染色体,以增强算法的搜索能力,提高搜索精度;连锁互换交叉算子可以增加个体的多样性,扩展解的搜索空间,进而增强算法的抗早熟能力。仿真实验表明,多对染色体遗传算法比简单遗传算法提高了全局收敛性能,是解决混流车间调度问题的有效方法。     

多车型开放式车辆路线问题的混合启发式算法

多车型开放式车辆路线问题,是物流配送优化中不可缺少的环节。针对标准遗传算法存在收敛速度慢,局部搜索能力差,易早熟的缺点,采用混合启发式算法进行优化求解。采用实数序列编码,使问题变得更简洁;有针对性地构建初始解,提高了解的可行性;用基于排序的选择与最佳保留相结合策略,保证群体的多样性;引入部分算术交叉算子,加强染色体的全局搜索能力;利用模拟退火算法的Boltzmann机制,控制遗传算法的交叉、变异操作,提高了算法的收敛速度和搜索效率。仿真结果表明混合启发式算法在求解质量和计算效率上好于标准遗传算法。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.