基于互相关的二阶段时间序列聚类方法

提出了一种高效的时间序列聚类方法,以互相关函数为基础,通过二阶段的方法实现更低时间复杂度下的时间序列聚类。第一步以时间序列符号化为基础,通过设计符号化序列特征抽取算法,抽取特征时间段;第二步以互相关函数为基础,通过改进的互相关函数步骤,实现更快速的时间序列聚类。实验结果表明,该方法可以适应稀疏及密集的时间序列数据抽取,同时与传统的聚类距离公式相比,处理速度更快,对时间序列形状的缩放有更好的表示效果,并能保持较高准确性。     

基于滑动窗口及局部特征的时间序列符号化方法

针对时间序列的数据挖掘将时间序列数据转换为离散的符号序列, 提出了一种基于滑动窗口及局部特征的时间序列符号化方法。该方法采用了滑动窗口的方法将时间序列分割, 每个分段采用多个斜率表示, 最后采用K-均值聚类算法对斜率表示的分段进行聚类, 实现时间序列的符号化。实验证明了该方法的有效性与准确性。     

基于马氏距离和H-K聚类的空值估计研究

传统的基于欧氏距离和K-means聚类算法的空值估计算法容易因为欧氏距离对量纲的敏感性和初始聚类中心对K-means聚类效果的影响产生估值误差。将层次聚类算法和K-means聚类算法有机结合起来的H-K聚类算法克服了K-means算法对初始聚类中心的敏感性,从而改善了聚类效果。与欧氏距离不同,马氏距离可以避免量纲的影响。为此提出一种改进的空值估计算法,将H-K聚类应用到空值估计算法中进行聚类,在聚类时采用马氏距离代替欧氏距离,在聚类后使用多元线性回归法计算样本中的空值。实验结果表明改进后的空值估计算法使得估计值的绝对误差率(MAER)得到降低。     

基于哈达玛变换的多元时间序列聚类研究

对当前聚类算法进行研究的基础上,提出了有效地实现多元时间序列聚类的方法.用离散哈达玛变换对多元数据进行降维,求出多元变量相关系数矩阵的特征值作为权值.采用带权值的矩阵相似性度量方法,利用改进的K-means算法对多元时间序列进行聚类分析.实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地实现多元时间序列聚类,把具有相似趋势变化的多元时间序列对象划分到同一类中.     

基于分量属性近邻传播的多元时间序列数据聚类方法

鉴于传统方法不能直接有效地对多元时间序列数据进行聚类分析,提出一种基于分量属性近邻传播的多元时间序列数据聚类方法.通过动态时间弯曲方法度量多元时间序列数据之间的总体距离,利用近邻传播聚类算法分别对数据之间的总体距离矩阵和分量近似距离矩阵进行聚类分析,综合考虑这两种视角下序列数据之间的关联关系,使用近邻传播方法对反映原始多元时间序列数据的综合关系矩阵实现较高质量的聚类.数值实验结果表明,与传统聚类方法相比,所提出方法不仅能够有效地反映总体数据特征之间的关系,而且通过重要分量属性序列之间的关联关系分析能够提高原始时间序列数据的聚类效果.     

聚类方法在公共设施选址中的应用研究

对空间数据挖掘聚类技术及其在公共设施选址方面的传统应用方法进行了综述,分析了传统应用方法中有待解决的关键问题,对空间距离代价的表示问题和传统方法的算法时间复杂度进行了初步探讨,运用模拟退火算法和图论对传统方法进行了改进,实现了算法时间复杂度的降低和聚类结果的优化。     

一种时间序列动态聚类的算法

针对时间序列传统静态聚类问题,提出了对时间序列进行动态聚类的方法。该方法首先提取时间序列的关键点集合,根据改进的FCM算法找到动态特征明显的时间序列,再利用提出的动态聚类算法确定此类时间序列在不同时间段的所属类别,在改进的FCM算法中采用兰氏距离可以使其对奇异值不敏感。实验结果反映出动态特征明显的时间序列类别随时间演化的特性,表明了方法的可行性和有效性。与已有算法相比,该方法揭示了时间序列的部分动态特征。该方法还可以运用于研究数据挖掘的其他问题。     

一种基于马氏距离的可能性聚类方法

可能性聚类方法在数据分析和模式识别领域被广泛应用.本文通过选择马氏距离,构造一种特殊的基于马氏距离的可能性聚类方法.该方法在保持可能性聚类性能的同时,能有效地防止一致性采类的发生,依照最大最小概率原理,根据聚类的结果直接推断出聚类结果的误分下界,从而判断聚类的有效性.最后通过图像分割实验和标准数据集实验,验证了该算法的...     

一种基于DTW的符号化时间序列聚类算法

提出了一种基于DTW的符号化时间序列聚类算法,对降维后得到的不等长符号时间序列进行聚类。该算法首先对时间序列进行降维处理,提取时间序列的关键点,并对其进行符号化;其次利用DTW方法进行相似度计算;最后利用Normal矩阵和FCM方法进行聚类分析。实验结果表明,将DTW方法应用在关键点提取之后的符号化时间序列上,聚类结果的准确率有较好大提高。     

基于改进高斯核度量和KPCA的数据聚类新方法

大多数超椭球聚类（hyper-ellipsoidal clustering,HEC）算法都使用马氏距离作为距离度量,已经证明在该条件下划分聚类的代价函数是常量,导致HEC无法实现椭球聚类.本文说明了使用改进高斯核的HEC算法可以解释为寻找体积和密度都紧凑的椭球分簇,并提出了一种实用HEC算法-K-HEC,该算法能够有效地处理椭球形、不同大小和不同密度的分簇.为实现更复杂形状数据集的聚类,使用定义在核特征空间的椭球来改进K-HEC算法的能力,提出了EK-HEC算法.仿真实验证明所提出算法在聚类结果和性能上均优于K-means算法、模糊C-means算法、GMM-EM算法和基于最小体积椭球（minimum-volume ellipsoids,MVE）的马氏HEC算法,从而证明了本文算法的可行性和有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.