基于进化BP神经网络的磨削温度预测研究

磨削过程中,过高的磨削温度会对零件产生热损伤等负面影响,为了能够掌握并控制磨削温度,对磨削温度场进行了仿真和预测研究.首先,利用有限元法对磨削温度进行仿真;随后,分别采用BP和遗传算法优化BP神经网络进行仿真结果预测.最后,将两种神经网络预测结果分别与仿真结果进行比较.结果显示,遗传算法优化BP神经网络性能更优,预测值更接近仿真值.     

模具钢超高速磨削的温度场仿真

模具钢一般具有较高的淬透性和耐磨性,很难通过磨削实现精密加工.由于利用传统的磨削加工方法会产生大量的磨削热,导致工件发生表面烧伤和裂纹,严重影响工件的加工精度和加工质量.随着目前超高速磨削技术的飞速发展,模具钢等难加工材料的精密磨削已成为可能.为了解决超高速磨削过程中磨削温度的合理控制问题,提出在DEFORM-3D软件上建立单颗磨粒CBN砂轮超高速磨削温度场模型.根据不同砂轮线速度下磨削弧区温度场进行了仿真与分析,发现当磨削速度超过某一数值时,磨削温度不会继续升高,甚至略有下降.证明超高速磨削技术可精密加工普通磨削难以加丁的一些难加工材料,具有重要的现实意义.     

平面磨削热源模型的仿真与比较研究

磨削温度场很难通过解析法求解,因此,利用有限元法对磨削温度场进行数值仿真已成为一种重要的方法。在平面磨削温度的仿真研究中,主要采用三角形热源模型进行分析。介绍一种新的平面磨削热源模型（抛物线热源模型）,用离散方法研究了两种热源模型,并利用两种热源模型分别对平面磨削温度进行了有限元仿真。通过对淬硬轴承钢GC r15磨削试验,采用热电偶测量了一定磨削条件下接触区的温度。仿真结果与试验对比分析表明：抛物线热源模型比三角形模型热源模型仿真结果更符合实际磨削温度。     

基于卷积神经网络的平面磨削温度预测

为了减少磨削温度过高给零件带来热损伤等的负面影响,并提高零件产量、质量,本文建立了基于卷积神经网络的平面磨削温度预测模型.首先通过有限元仿真获得温度数据,并进行预处理,然后利用Google开源深度学习工具TensorFlow编写卷积神经网络程序,最后得到预测结果并与仿真值进行比较.结果表明,本文提出的基于卷积神经网络的磨削温度预测模型具有很强的学习能力以及非线性拟合能力,大大提高了磨削温度预测精度.     

虚拟砂轮的开发及其磨削性能分析

采用虚拟现实技术,开发了可交互的虚拟磨削加工环境．以正六面体作为磨粒的基本形态,并将该磨粒随机分布在砂轮基体上,建立虚拟砂轮的仿真物理模型以及磨粒与工件接触的数学模型．以平面磨削为例,进行了不同加工参数下磨削加工过程的动态仿真,测试了虚拟砂轮的磨削性能,并分析了工件表面粗糙度的影响因素．仿真结果与理论分析结果具有一致性,证明了将虚拟现实技术应用于磨削加工机理研究是可行的．     

滚动轮胎有限元建模及温度场仿真分析

研究滚动轮胎温度场分布的问题,为了解决温度场试验较难获得轮胎内部温度,重复性差等缺点,以实体轮胎为建模对象,建立了胎体帘线模型与轮胎橡胶材料模型,并将模型在充气压力下的自由模态各阶频率值与试验值相比较,在验证了可行性和正确性的条件下,嵌入了轮胎生热、传热模型以及试验测得的热边界条件,对轮胎稳态温度场进行了仿真,明确了稳态温度场分布图和轮胎内部最高温度与车速间的函数关系及二次拟合公式,并简单分析了轮胎温度分布规律.仿真结果表明,利用有限元法建立的模型及温度场计算是正确的,可为轮胎的结构和配方设计等方面提供了依据.     

定子无铁心轴向磁场永磁电机温度场分析

为分析定子无铁心轴向磁场永磁电机工作温度过高引起的电机运行性能降低的问题,对电机的温度分布进行了研究.利用多物理场有限元软件建立了电机电磁场和温度场3D有限元模型,求解了电机不同工况下和同种工况不同控制方式时的温度场分布.仿真结果分析了电机内部的温度分布规律及不同控制方式对电机温升的影响,并对定子无铁心轴向磁场永磁电机样机进行实验,实验结果验证了仿真的正确性,对指导电机高效运行及电机的优化设计具有意义重大.     

飞机刹车盘三维瞬态温度场仿真

针对单一工况的飞机刹车盘三维瞬态温度场仿真不能全面描述温度场在其他工况下的热特性。为获取多工况的刹车盘制动过程中的温度分布情况,以某型飞机为例,对刹车装置的循环对称结构,根据传热学理论建立三维循环对称有限元模型,阐述飞机刹车副制动过程中三维瞬态温度场的计算方法,运用ANSYS10.0软件分析不同工况下刹车盘的温度分布,并给出典型时刻下温度场分布云图和最高温度点温度变化曲线。通过分析不同制动过程的温度场,为摩擦材料的研制及制动盘的设计和选择不同工况的压力和制动速度提供有效的参考。     

能源并网系统中IGBT模块的温度场分布分析

温度影响着绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)模块的可靠性,采用传统的功电热耦合仿真模型只能测得IGBT模块离线情况下的一个结温,不能获得实际工况下芯片表面的温度场分布。在传统功率循环试验仿真的基础上进行改进,考虑到IGBT关断过程中的电压缓变,将该电压作为载荷,利用数值仿真软件ANSYS热分析环境,采用有限元分析方法得到模块温度场分布图,分析了温度场分布特征,可知温度较高区域出现在有源区的四周边沿处,这同以前的实验结果一致,证明仿真模型的正确性。以上分析对研究IGBT模块的可靠性和模块在线监测具有一定的指导意义。     

中厚板板坯轧制温度建模研究

以国内某中厚板轧制现场为背景,研究了中厚板板坯轧制温度建模问题.通过考虑轧制过程中影响板坯的各种温度要素,结合真实数据和经验公式,给出了不同情况下的温度边界条件,进而选用二维有限差分方程来建立板坯温度场模型,此改进后的温度模型克服了传统温度计算模型精度低、适应性差等缺点.新模型引入了网格重建等功能,能够很好地完成不同规格钢种的温度预测.基于真实现场数据,给出并分析模型计算生成的温度变化结果曲线图,能够有效地预测中厚板坯在轧制过程中的温度变化趋势.最终实验结果表明,此模型预测的终轧表面平均温度与真实值之间具有很小的误差,说明此模型计算精度高,并能够很好地应用于中厚板生产实践之中.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.