热处理对粉末热挤压法制备6061铝合金强度和塑性的影响

研究了单级固溶及峰值时效处理对粉末热挤压法制备6061铝合金显微组织及室温力学性能的影响,观察了合金挤压态、固溶态及时效处理后的显微组织,并对其力学性能进行了测试.结果表明:挤压态材料的晶粒均匀细小,基体合金中存在大量的第二相颗粒,主要为Mg2Si相;热挤压后的6061铝合金经固溶时效处理(530℃×1 h水冷+170℃×6 h)后,晶粒内部析出大量的β″(Mg5Si6)相,并伴有少量棒状的β’(Mg2Si)相析出,拉伸强度和延伸率分别为311 MPa和10%,相比挤压态铝合金,其拉伸强度提高了近160%.     

时效温度对含准晶相Mg93Zn6Y1合金的组织及性能影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射及能谱分析,研究了铸态、固溶处理及在不同温度下时效处理的Mg93Zn6Y1合金的显微组织。发现铸态Mg93Zn6Y1合金显微组织主要由α-Mg和I相组成。经过固溶处理后,晶界处准晶相发生熔断,由铸态下的连续网状结构变为颗粒状。在不同的时效温度下,晶界处颗粒状准晶相长大且α-Mg晶内出现颗粒状准晶相。随着时效温度的升高,颗粒状准晶相发生长大,逐渐变为多边形状或鱼骨状。时效温度为300℃时,合金中准晶相大部分以颗粒状均匀分布在基体上。通过硬度及耐腐蚀性能测试,发现时效处理可大幅提高合金的硬度及耐腐蚀性能。其中,时效温度为300℃时效果最佳。     

时效温度对SCFs/AZ31B复合材料组织和性能的影响

目的 探究提高固相合成SCFs/AZ31B镁基复合材料力学性能的最佳时效温度.方法 采用固相合成工艺制备SCFs/AZ31B镁基复合材料并在415℃固溶处理20 h,然后分别在155,175,195,215℃下进行20 h时效处理.采用金相显微镜(OM)与扫描电镜(SEM)观察微观组织,并测试拉伸性能、硬度等力学性能,研究时效温度对显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果 时效过程中,碳纤维稳定存在于基体中.随着时效温度的升高,晶粒尺寸先增加后减小,175℃时效晶粒尺寸最小为14.84μm,时效析出的第二相为Al2Mg.当时效时间为20 h、时效温度为175℃时,材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率和维氏硬度最高,分别为188 MPa,259 MPa,6.9％,70.2HV.在该实验条件下,最佳时效温度为175℃.结论 随着时效温度的升高,第二相从非连续析出转为连续析出.时效处理可以改善材料的力学性能.     

高强高韧Mg-8.5Gd-2.0Y-1.0Ag-0.4Zr合金的组织与性能

研究了高强高韧Mg-8.5Gd-2.0Y-1.0Ag-0.4Zr(wt.%)合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,该合金铸态组织细小,主要由α-Mg固溶体、晶界析出相Mg5(GdY)以及分布在晶粒内部的Zr核组成;T4态时晶界析出相基本完全消失,但出现了一些方块相γ;合金具有明显的时效硬化效果,且随着时效温度的提高,合金的峰值时效硬度下降,峰值时间相应缩短。经200℃峰值时效处理后表现出极为优异的室温力学性能,抗拉强度(UTS)和延伸率分别达到396MPa和9.1%,显著的时效强化是该合金具有优异力学性能的主要原因。如此优异的强度和塑性在常规铸造镁合金中是极为罕见的,对于推广镁合金的应用具有重要意义。     

多级均匀化处理对Al-Cu-Li-Sc-Zr合金微观组织与性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

通过DSC测定Al-Cu-Li-Sc-Zr合金中Al_(3)(Sc,Zr)弥散相的析出温度,为确定Al_(3)(Sc,Zr)弥散相粒子析出的保温温度与保温时间,制定四种三级均匀化制度。随后将四种均匀化样品经过热轧、固溶、时效等处理后进行室温拉伸对比其力学性能,并通过样品的时效硬化曲线计算表观激活能,采用SEM与EDS分析均匀化后样品的第二相形貌与成分,EBSD表征固溶后样品的晶粒取向特征。结果表明:多级均匀化处理过程中第二阶段温度为460℃的均匀化制度相比于410℃的均匀化制度更利于Al_(3)(Sc,Zr)弥散相粒子的析出,在细化晶粒组织、抑制再结晶的同时,也促进后续时效处理过程中含Li强化相的析出,通过晶界强化、织构成分以及析出相的复合作用提升合金力学性能。另外,由于Al_(3)(Sc,Zr)弥散相粒子的析出,热变形退火后合金中大量亚晶微观组织得以保留,合金在室温拉伸过程中变形均匀,伸长率提高。     

镁稀土合金板材的热轧工艺与组织性能研究

对挤压态Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.4Zr合金板材在450℃下分别以10%,30%,50%和70%的道次压下量进行轧制,并对轧制板材进行时效处理以进一步提高其强度。本文研究了合金在轧制及时效态的组织及力学性能。试验结果表明,轧制过程可显著细化合金组织并有第二相析出,使力学性能得到提高。其中以50%压下量轧制的板材组织及力学性能最优,T5处理后其最高强度可达屈服396MPa,抗拉486MPa。     

Mg-13Gd-1Zn合金的组织与力学性能

研究了铸态、退火态、挤压态和T5时效态Mg-13Gd-1Zn三元合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,合金的铸态组织由α-Mg、(Mg,Zn)₃Gd和14H-LPSO长周期相组成。合金在均匀化退火和热挤压后的直接时效(T5)过程中都发生了晶内14H-LPSO相的沉淀析出,表明合金中14H-LPSO的沉淀相变发生在一个很宽的温度范围(200~510℃)。在挤压后合金的直接时效(T5)过程中发生了β'及β₁相的沉淀析出。在沉淀强化和LPSO强化的共同作用下,合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为197 MPa、397 MPa和2.56%。在200℃/80 MPa和200℃/120 MPa两种实验条件下,Mg-13Gd-1Zn合金的抗蠕变性能均优于WE54合金。     

时效温度对Ti-5Mo-5V-6Cr-3Al热轧管材组织性能的影响

通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)等手段对新型Ti5563合金热轧态管材经固溶时效和时效处理后的组织及物相含量进行了分析,比较了不同热处理后合金的力学性能,研究了时效温度对材料组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:直接时效处理是提高Ti5563合金热轧态管材综合性能较为有效的方法;在520~660℃时效处理时,温度越低,α析出相越多,尺寸越小,分布越弥散,合金强度越大;随着温度增加,α析出相减少且尺寸变大,强化作用减弱,合金的塑性增加。     

Cu-Ni-Si合金在时效过程中析出与再结晶行为

通过对变形Cu-Ni-Si 合金时效过程中电阻率变化规律的分析及透射电镜观察，发现该材料在450摄氏度时效处理时，时效0．5h以内发生的主要转变有两类：一是在位错缠结处的择优析出；另一个便是析出与再结晶协同作用而产生的类似不连续析出过程，这些过程的发生使铜基体得到快速净化,电阻率急剧下降，在时效1．5h后，主要发生的是均匀析出过程，析出相在被位错胞壁分割的亚晶内均匀析出，此外，时效初期形成的胞状组织通过第二相的熔断和球化转变为颗粒状第二相。     

形变热处理对Mg-4Al-1Si-1Gd合金组织及性能的影响

为改善Mg-Al-Si系(AS系)变形镁合金因第二相粗大、分布不均而性能较低的现状,在200℃下对挤压态Mg-4Al-1Si-1Gd合金分别进行不同时间(5 h、10 h、15 h)的等温时效和等通道挤压(ECAP)处理,并利用光学显微镜、扫描显微镜和拉伸实验分析其组织及拉伸性能.结果表明:随着等温时效时间的延长,晶粒尺寸增大,晶界处析出少量聚集的大尺寸Mg17 Al12相,时效10 h后合金的室温拉伸性能较优,但与挤压态相比强塑性明显降低.而形变时效提供的热变形能和应变累积量促进了动态再结晶的充分进行,晶粒尺寸由挤压态的10.68μm减小至2.20μm,Mg2 Si相和Si3 Gd5相碎化完全且分布更均匀,晶界处析出了大量颗粒状Mg17 Al12相,基面织构明显弱化,形成了新的非基面织构组分,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率与挤压态相比分别提高了11.7％、33.7％和19.9％.经计算,细晶强化对屈服强度的贡献值为42.8 MPa,Orowan强化的贡献值为4.25 MPa.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Sn and Mg–6Zn alloys prepared by different processing techniques: a comparative study

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Sn and Mg–6Zn are investigated and compared in cast/heat treated, rolled and extruded conditions. Compared to the heat treated alloys, the grain size of both alloys decreases while the volume fraction of precipitates increases by rolling and extrusion in Mg–6Sn alloy at 350 ºC due to dynamic recrystallization and dynamic precipitation of intermetallic phases. Zinc has a stronger grain refining effect than tin in the heat treated alloys while the opposite effect is found in the rolled and extruded alloys. For the heat treated alloys the Mg–6Sn the strength reached 158.7 MPa with elongation 5.2% while Mg–6Zn exhibited a higher strength of 183.7 MPa and 8.4% elongation. In rolled condition the strength of Mg–6Sn reached 224 MPa with 1.6% elongation while Mg–6Zn exhibited a lower strength of 124 MPa and a lower ductility of 0.5% elongation due to susceptibility to hot shortness. Extrusion of Mg–6Sn alloy resulted in the maximum attained strength of 281 MPa and an elongation of 6.1% while Mg–6Zn cracked during extrusion due to hot shortness. The results obtained are discussed with respect to microstructure evolution in both alloys.     

Effect of extrusion temperature on mechanical properties of as-extruded Zn–22Al alloys

ABSTRACT

The effect of extrusion temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of as-extruded Zn–22Al alloys was investigated in this study. With decrease of extrusion temperature from 350 to 200°C, the elongation of as-extruded Zn–22Al alloys increases remarkably at low strain rate and has no change at high strain rate, which implies that the Zn–22Al alloys extruded at lower temperature exhibit high-ductility behaviour. X-ray diffraction and electron back-scattered diffraction analysis demonstrated that the maximum elongation of Zn–22Al alloys extruded at the extrusion temperature of 200°C can be attributed to the elimination of the lamellar structure and the refinement in grain size of the Zn-rich phase.     

Microstructure and texture evolution in Mg–1 %Mn–Sr alloys during extrusion

Microstructure and texture evolution in Mg–1 %Mn–Sr alloys during extrusion has been investigated. At 350 °C, the extrusion of Mg–1 %Mn (M1) alloy exhibits the progressive formation of basal texture from the undeformed zone to the die opening. The extruded microstructure of M1 consists of recrystallized grains nucleated by grain boundary bulging and elongated parent grains along with extensive twinning. At 350 °C, the extrusion of M1–1.6Sr alloy results in progressive elongation of Mg–Sr precipitates in the form of stringers from the undeformed zone to the die opening. The final extruded microstructure of this alloy shows extensive recrystallization occurring at the intermetallic stringers by particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN). M1–(0.3–1.6)%Sr alloys display weaker textures due to PSN which creates new grains with random orientations. At 250 °C, the extrusion of M1 creates necklace of small recrystallized grains around large elongated parent grains. M1–1.6Sr alloy extruded at 250 °C exhibits continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) in the Mg matrix and PSN at Mg–Sr precipitates. PSN is less extensive at lower temperature. Both CDRX and PSN grains have random orientations, and therefore, alloy develops random texture.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and yield asymmetry of Mg–4Al–2Sn–xY alloys

The effect of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9?wt-% Y addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Mg–4Al–2Sn alloys were investigated. The results show that α-Mg, Mg₁₇Al₁₂, Mg₂Sn and Al₂Y phases form in the extruded Y-containing alloys. Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase, containing trace amounts of Y, tends to distribute on the grain boundaries in the form of needles. When the Y content is 0.6?wt-%, the alloy has the best combination mechanical properties. Its tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and tensile elongation are 172?MPa, 270?MPa and 11.2%, respectively. As the Y content increases, the tensile and compressive asymmetries in the Mg–4Al–2Sn–xY alloy decrease, due to grain refinement and the weakening of texture.     

Microstructure and Properties of As-Cast Mg–2.0Sn–1.0Zn–1.0Y–0.3Zr Alloys at Different Extrusion Ratios

Herein, the effect of hot extrusion with different extrusion ratios (λ = 6, 8, 10, and 12) on the microstructure evolution and properties of as-cast Mg–2.0Sn–1.0Zn–1.0Y–0.3Zr magnesium alloys, using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immersion corrosion and electrochemical corrosion experiment, and tensile testing, is investigated. The results show that the Mg₁₄SnY and Mg₆SnY precipitated phases exist in the alloy before and after extrusion. After hot extrusion, the second phase of the alloy is broken into particles along the extrusion direction, whereas the grain size is significantly reduced, and dynamic recrystallization and deformed grains exist in the microstructure. The mechanical properties of the extruded alloy improve, but the corrosion resistance weakens. When the extrusion ratio is λ = 10, the extruded alloy exhibits relatively good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The corrosion behaviors of the extruded alloys are affected by both the grain size and galvanic corrosion. In the initial stage of corrosion, intergranular corrosion plays a major role in reducing the corrosion resistance of the extruded alloys. With prolonged corrosion time, galvanic corrosion has a more significant effect on weakening the corrosion resistance of the extruded alloys.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–8Li–xAl–0.5Ca alloys

The effect of the Al content on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Mg–8Li–xAl–0.5Ca alloys is investigated. The experimental results show that an as-cast Mg–8Li–0.5Ca alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg, β-Li and granular Mg₂Ca phases. With the addition of Al, the amount of α-Mg phase first increases and then decreases. In addition, the intermetallic compounds also obviously change. The microstructure of the test alloys is refined due to dynamic recrystallisation that occurs during extrusion. The mechanical properties of extruded alloys are much more desirable than the properties of as-cast alloys. The as-extruded Mg–8Li–6Al–0.5Ca alloy exhibits good comprehensive mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 251.2?MPa, a yield strength of 220.6?MPa and an elongation of 23.5%.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of as aged Mg–3Sn–1Al and Mg–3Sn–2Zn–1Al alloy

Effect of Zn on the microstructure, age hardening response and mechanical properties of Mg–3Sn–1Al alloy which is immediately aged at 180°C after extrusion process (T5) was investigated. It was found that the Zn can refine the microstructure, remarkably improve the aging response with the peak hardness increases to 75 HV and the time to peak hardness reduces from ～110 to ～60 h, which is attributed to the solid solution hardening of Al, Zn and an amount of finer Mg₂Sn precipitates. The as aged Mg–3Sn–2Zn–1Al alloy exhibits better mechanical property at room temperature or 150°C than that of Mg–3Sn–1Al alloy, which is ascribed to the fine grained microstructure and thermally stable Mg₂Sn particles dispersed at grain boundaries and in the matrix.     

固溶处理温度对GH3625合金热挤压管材微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用SEM、EDS和XRD等手段研究了不同固溶处理温度对GH3625合金热挤压管材组织性能的影响。结果表明,1 120℃是合金组织和力学性能的一个转折点。当固溶处理温度为910~1 120℃时,由于晶界处NbC相的钉扎作用,使得晶粒长大缓慢,合金硬度和强度缓慢下降;当固溶温度超过1 120℃时,NbC相大量回溶,钉扎作用减弱或消失,晶粒急剧长大,合金硬度和强度的下降趋势明显增大。随着固溶温度的升高,合金断口中的韧窝变得大而深邃,塑性逐渐提高;当固溶温度超过1 120℃时,拉伸断口基本以韧窝为主。GH3625合金热挤压管材在固溶处理时间为1h时的最佳固溶处理温度为1 120℃。     

搅拌铸造法制备短碳纤维/AZ91复合材料的组织与性能

采用搅拌铸造法制备了不同体积分数（10vol%、15vol%、20vol%）的短碳纤维增强镁基（CF_s/AZ91）复合材料,并选取了三个挤压比和两个挤压温度对其进行热挤压变形,采用光学显微镜（OM）、SEM和TEM对CF_s/AZ91复合材料的显微组织进行了观察,并测试其室温力学性能及阻尼性能。研究结果表明,热挤压能够有效降低CF_s/AZ91复合材料气孔率;在热挤压过程中,纤维沿挤压方向定向排列,同时基体发生动态再结晶。随着挤压温度及挤压比的增大,晶粒呈现等轴状,组织更加均匀。CF_s/AZ91复合材料经过挤压后,其力学性能得到提高,屈服强度和抗拉强度随挤压比和CF_s体积分数的增大而增大,然而CF_s纤维在热挤压后发生明显断裂,限制了挤压态复合材料强度的进一步提升。低温低挤压比条件下,CF_s/AZ91复合材料具有较好的阻尼性能,随着挤压比及挤压温度的升高,CF_s/AZ91复合材料室温及高温阻尼性能均有所降低。      

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Extruded Mg-2Dy-0.5Zn Alloy

Microstructure and mechanical properties of an extruded Mg-2Dy-0.5Zn(at.%) alloy during isothermal ageing at 180 ℃ were investigated.Microstructure of the as-extruded alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg phase,14H long period stacking order(LPSO) phase and small amounts of(Mg,Zn)_xDy particle phases.During ageing,the 14H LPSO phase forms and develops and its volume fraction increases with increasing ageing time.Tensile test showed that the peak-aged alloy exhibits similar yield and ultimate tensile strengths and elongation to failure at room temperature,100 ℃ and 200 ℃,but excellent elevated temperature strengths at 300 ℃ as compared to the as-extruded and over-aged alloys.The analysis showed that the excellent elevated temperature strengths of the peak-aged alloy are attributed to the LPSO phase strengthening and the grain refinement strengthening,and the role of the LPSO strengthening is related to not only its amount,but also its morphology.