TA1纯钛与1420铝锂合金异质薄板自冲铆接微动疲劳特性

基于自冲铆接技术研究TA1工业纯钛(TA1)与1420铝锂合金(AL1420)异质薄板组合的可铆性,并采用硬度≥44HRC和≥46HRC的铆钉分别制备TA1/AL1420 (TAF),AL1420/TA1(ATF)和TA1/AL1420(TAS) 3组接头。在拉伸-剪切实验的基础上进行了高周疲劳实验,拟合出各组接头的F-N曲线,进一步利用电子扫描显微镜和能谱仪分析了各组接头的微动磨损机理。结果表明:ATF接头的疲劳强度相对较优,TAS接头则在中高载荷水平下优于TAF接头;各组接头的疲劳失效均始于微动磨损区域,微动磨损导致疲劳裂纹的萌生;微动磨屑现象的剧烈程度是影响疲劳强度的重要因素。在不同疲劳载荷水平下,发生剧烈微动磨损的区域不同,使得疲劳裂纹的萌生区域存在差异,最终导致同种接头出现不同的失效模式。     

泡沫金属夹层板自冲铆接头的疲劳性能及失效机理

对铝合金自冲铆接头及泡沫金属夹层结构自冲铆接头进行疲劳实验,通过三参数经验公式采用S-N曲线拟合法绘制接头的F-N曲线,分析接头的疲劳寿命及泡沫金属夹层对自冲铆接头疲劳性能的影响;采用扫描电子显微镜对接头的疲劳失效断口进行观测,分析其微观失效机理。结果表明:泡沫金属夹层缩短了自冲铆接头的疲劳寿命,不同泡沫金属夹层对自冲铆接头疲劳性能的影响具有差异性,在高疲劳载荷下泡沫铜夹层接头疲劳性能更优。三组接头疲劳失效形式都为下板断裂,在高疲劳载荷下裂纹易在铆扣区域萌生,在中低疲劳载荷下裂纹萌生于下板一侧,沿铆扣区域下侧向板材另一侧扩展。     

1420铝锂合金自冲铆异质组合接头静力学性能研究

首先采用自冲铆(SPR)连接工艺对1420铝锂合金板(AL1420)分别与铜合金板(H62)、镀锌钢板(Q215)和钛板(TA1)的异质组合板材进行连接;通过剖面直观检测法分析接头成形质量并获得其最优铆接参数;同时对试件进行拉伸-剪切试验以研究其静力学性能.结果表明:采用自冲铆连接工艺可以实现对1420铝锂合金异质组合板材的有效连接;TA1-AL1420接头静失效载荷为6424.8 N,明显大于H62-AL1420接头(5304.0 N)和Q215-AL1420接头(5386.1 N);Q215-AL1420接头能量吸收能力更强,适用于对缓冲吸震性能要求较高的结构.     

铝合金自冲铆接微动行为研究

选择两组不同厚度铝合金板制成SA15和SA25自冲铆接头并进行疲劳实验,用威布尔分布验证实验数据有效性,用疲劳三参数经验公式拟合接头S-N曲线并对比分析接头疲劳性能,用扫描电子显微镜研究接头微动行为以探索疲劳失效与微动磨损的关系。实验数据服从威布尔分布,表明数据可靠。三参数经验公式较好地拟合接头S-N曲线,SA25接头疲劳性能优于SA15接头,且在中低疲劳寿命区域SA25接头疲劳性能的优越性更为突出。SA15接头失效于上板靠铆钉头,而SA25接头失效于下板沿纽扣。SA15接头在铆接区两板间微动磨损较严重,SA25接头在下板与铆钉腿部微动磨损较严重。疲劳失效部位与微动磨损剧烈部位重合,表明微动磨损是导致接头疲劳失效的重要因素之一。     

自冲铆接头疲劳性能影响因素研究进展

由于近年来车身轻量化的需求,全铝车身结构及混合材料车身结构是车身设计制造的发展趋势,其结构连接问题也面临巨大的挑战。自冲铆接作为一种冷成型技术,通过铆钉和板料形成机械内锁结构进行板材连接,可以用来连接两层和多层金属及非金属板材。相对于传统连接技术,自冲铆接具有无需预先打孔、连接过程环境友好、可以连接异质板材及非金属板材等优点,同时所得到的接头具有较好的密封性及力学性能。自冲铆接作为轻量化结构的一种新型连接手段,近年来因具有独特的优势得到迅速发展。疲劳性能是接头工程应用的关键性能指标,自冲铆接头的疲劳性能研究主要针对铝合金及高强钢等车身材料展开,近年来研究者们对钛合金和纤维增强复合材料等新型材料自冲铆接头的疲劳性能进行了相关探索性研究。影响自冲铆接头疲劳性能的因素众多,提高自冲铆接头疲劳性能的方法及探究接头的疲劳失效机理一直是研究者们所关注的热点。影响自冲铆接头疲劳性能的因素主要包括铆接工艺、基板参数、铆钉分布形式、接头搭接形式、疲劳加载参数、试验温度和添加粘接剂等,其中大量研究主要针对铆接工艺、基板参数和铆钉分布形式展开。研究表明,采用高强度的板材作下板、增加板厚及使用硬度较高的圆头铆钉进行连接能够提高单搭自冲铆接头的疲劳性能;铆钉个数的增加可以显著提高接头的疲劳性能,采用不同铆钉分布形式及铆钉边距影响接头的疲劳性能。自冲铆接头存在残余应力,同时微动磨损是导致机械连接疲劳失效的主要原因,通过去应力退火可以提高接头在高疲劳载荷下的疲劳寿命,对基板添加润滑剂镀层也可以改善接头的疲劳性能。此外,粘铆复合接头目前在车身连接中得到广泛应用,粘接剂可以减弱接头的应力集中,从而改善其疲劳性能。疲劳试验耗时较多,试验成本较高。研究自冲铆接头疲劳性能的影响因素可以为后续研究及其工程应用提供相关参考。本文归纳了自冲铆接头疲劳性能影响因素的研究进展并总结了改善接头疲劳性能的方法,同时对自冲铆接的研究方向进行分析和展望。     

TA1钛合金自冲铆接头力学性能及微动行为

本工作以TA1自冲铆接头为研究对象,基于拉伸-剪切和疲劳试验分析了接头的力学性能,并采用扫描电镜从微观层面研究了接头的拉伸-剪切失效机理、疲劳失效机理及微动行为。结果表明:拉伸-剪切失效模式为铆钉腿部从下板拉脱,铆钉颈部存在不同程度的断裂。疲劳失效模式主要为上板断裂失效,其疲劳极限约为1.18 kN。疲劳裂纹从上板与铆钉头接触部位萌生,在持续微动磨损及疲劳循环应力作用下,沿板厚和板宽方向不断扩展,直至接头疲劳断裂。微动磨损的剧烈程度直接影响接头疲劳失效模式。上板与铆钉头接触区的微动磨损源于板宽W区域,随着微动过程的不断进行,逐步向板长L区域扩展。     

铆钉分布形式对自冲铆接头力学性能的影响

该文采用Landmark试验机对5052铝合金自冲铆接头进行力学性能测试来研究铆钉分布形式对自冲铆接头力学性能的影响。获得了单铆钉自冲铆(简称SR)接头、横向分布双铆钉自冲铆(DRT)接头和纵向分布双铆钉自冲铆(DRL)接头的静力学和疲劳性能,采用正态分布和威布尔分布对试验数据进行分析检验其有效性。结果表明:DRT接头静强度约为SR接头的2倍;DRL接头静强度约为SR接头的1.9倍。DRL接头比DRT接头具有更好的能量吸收能力。双铆钉自冲铆接头的疲劳性能优于SR接头。铆钉分布形式对接头疲劳变形量影响较小,但是对寿命影响较大。当疲劳载荷较高时,DRL接头可提高疲劳寿命。随着疲劳载荷降低,DRT接头可显著增加疲劳寿命。     

局部热处理对钢-钛自冲铆接头力学性能的影响

对钢-钛自冲铆接头进行局部热处理,并对已热处理和未热处理的接头进行拉剪实验,对比分析局部热处理对钢-钛自冲铆接头的静强度、能量吸收、失效模式和失效机理的影响。结果表明:淬火对钢-钛自冲铆接头的静强度有很大提高作用,对其能量吸收有减小作用;未淬火的钢-钛自冲铆接头失效模式为上板与铆钉分离且上板被撕裂,上板的断口形貌为典型韧性断裂特征;淬火后的钢-钛自冲铆接头失效模式为上板与铆钉分离且铆钉被拉断,铆钉的断口形貌为典型的沿晶断裂特征。     

钛铝合金板材压印成形及接头力学性能实验研究

对钛合金(TA1)和铝合金(Al5052)板材组合进行压印连接的可行性进行了研究,发现压印连接可以有效地实现TA1-TA1组合和Al5052-TA1组合的连接。对所获得的接头进行准静态力学性能测试,并运用扫描电子显微镜对接头拉伸断口进行微观分析。结果表明,压印连接时,钛合金和铝合金的组合能够获得成形性较好的压印接头,TA1-TA1接头的最大载荷和失效位移较Al5052-TA1接头提高了303.8%和49.4%,这两种接头静态失效形式相似,为上板颈部材料首先被破坏,产生裂纹,之后裂纹沿周向逐渐扩展,最终导致整个压印接头断裂。由微观断口可以判断TAl-TA1接头断口处呈现准解理和韧窝形貌,即同时具有韧性断裂和脆性断裂的特征;Al5052-TA1接头断口处呈现直径和深度较大的拉长韧窝,即为韧性断裂。     

轻合金自冲铆微动磨损及疲劳性能研究

选择4组轻合金自冲铆进行疲劳实验,用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对其断口进行微动磨损机理分析,并系统地研究了接头疲劳寿命和失效形式的影响因素。结果表明,下板与钉腿区的微动磨损是导致下板沿纽扣断裂和铆钉断裂的主要原因,两板间的微动磨损是导致上板靠钉头断裂的主要原因;微动磨屑主要成分为金属板材氧化物,并对微动磨损起缓冲作用。增加板厚可提高接头疲劳寿命,且疲劳载荷较大时寿命提高更为显著;增加板强可提高接头疲劳寿命,且寿命提高程度受疲劳载荷影响较小。增加板厚使失效形式从上板断裂变为下板断裂,增加板强使失效形式从板材断裂变为铆钉断裂。     

Fatigue strength of self‐piercing riveted joints in lap‐shear specimens of aluminium and steel sheets

The self‐piercing riveting (SPR) process is gaining popularity because of its many advantages. This study investigated the fatigue strength of SPR joints in tensile‐shear specimens with dissimilar Al‐5052 and steel sheets. A structural analysis of the specimen was conducted. For this specimen, the upper steel sheet withstood applied load in a monotonic test and played a major role in the low‐cycle region. In the high‐cycle region, however, the harder surface of the upper steel sheet reduced the fatigue strength by enhancing fretting crack initiation on the opposite softer aluminium surface. Therefore, the fatigue endurance of the specimen was reduced. The fatigue endurance of a SPR joint with the combination of steel and aluminium sheets was found to be governed by the strength of the lower sheet, which is more vulnerable to the applied loading. Thus, it is desirable to use a stronger metal sheet as the lower sheet with regard to the fatigue performance. Scanning acoustic microscopy was effectively used to reveal and prove the formation and growth of subsurface cracks in SPR joints. The structural stress can predict the fatigue lifetimes of the SPR joint specimens within a factor of three.     

Rotation friction pressing riveting of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet

A kind of joining method for magnesium alloys, rotation friction pressing riveting (RFPR), is proposed in this paper. In RFPR operation, a rivet with a plug rotating at high speed is brought to contact with the riveted sheets, generating frictional heat between the rivet and riveted sheets, which softens the sheet materials and enables the rivet to be drilled into the sheets under reduced force. When fully inserted, the rivet is stopped rotating, and the plug is immediately pressed into the shank of the rivet by a punch. The expansive deformation of the rivet shank occurs under the action of the plug, thereby forming a mechanical interlock between the rivet and the sheets to fasten the sheets together. The studies show that RFPR of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet can be carried out at ambient temperature, and provides the joints with superior shear strength and fatigue property when compared with self-piercing riveting (SPR). The effects of the operating parameters of RFPR process on the quality of the joints were investigated in the study. The results shows that while the rivet rotation speed little affects the shear strength of RFPR joints, the punch pressure has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the RFPR joints. A numerical analysis was also performed to understand the effect of the punch pressure on the interlock between the rivet and the sheets, and the stress and strain distribution inside the sheet materials around the rivet. The results show that the interlock increased with the punch pressure and there is residual compressive stress inside the sheet materials, which seems to explain the good fatigue property of RFPR joints observed.     

A Comparative Study of Friction Self-Piercing Riveting and Self-Piercing Riveting of Aluminum Alloy AA5182-O

In this paper, self-piercing riveting (SPR) and friction self-piercing riveting (F-SPR) processes were employed to join aluminum alloy AA5182-O sheets. Parallel studies were carried out to compare the two processes in terms of joint macrogeometry, tooling force, microhardness, quasi-static mechanical performance, and fatigue behavior. The results indicate that the F-SPR process formed both rivet–sheet interlocking and sheet–sheet solid-state bonding, whereas the SPR process only contained rivet–sheet interlocking. For the same rivet flaring, the F-SPR process required 63% less tooling force than the SPR process because of the softening effect of frictional heat and the lower rivet hardness of F-SPR. The decrease in the switch depth of the F-SPR resulted in more hardening of the aluminum alloy surrounding the rivet. The higher hardness of aluminum and formation of solid-state bonding enhanced the F-SPR joint stiffness under lap-shear loading, which contributed to the higher quasi-static lap-shear strength and longer fatigue life compared to those of the SPR joints.     

Fatigue of single- and double-rivet self-piercing riveted lap joints

The fatigue behaviour of single‐ and double‐rivet aluminum alloy 5754‐O self‐piercing riveted (SPR) lap joints has been investigated experimentally and analytically. With the single rivet, the experimental program involves a set of 27 cyclic tension tests on joints with 1‐, 2‐ or 3‐mm‐thick sheet coupons. In most cases (85%), fatigue cracks are found to initiate in the gross section on the faying surface of the upper sheet. With two rivets (installed in two rows), the experimental program consists of nine cyclic tension tests, three for each of the three combinations of riveting orientation possible, on SPR joints consisting of 2‐mm‐thick sheet specimens. The fatigue life of double‐rivet joints is found to be strongly dependent on the orientation combination of the rivets. Monotonic tests with the double‐rivet joints also reveal an influence of orientation combination. In addition to experiments, values of local stress and rivet‐sheet microslip in the single‐rivet joints have been evaluated through three‐dimensional elastic finite‐element analysis. The analyses are used to interpret experimental observations of fatigue crack initiation location, life and fretting damage severity.     

Fatigue properties of self‐piercing riveted multi‐rivet joints in steel and aluminum sheets

Self‐piercing riveting (SPR) is an important joining technology for connecting steel and aluminum sheets. In this paper, AA6111 aluminum alloy and DP780 high‐strength steel were adopted to study the influence of fatigue on remaining static strength and energy absorption properties on self‐piercing riveting multi‐rivet joints. The results showed that energy absorption capacity of the specimens decreased significantly after high cycle fatigue. Fatigue reduced the remaining static lap shear strength of riveted specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the cross section of fatigue specimens fractured by static tension. The results showed that fretting wear was found at the contact area between rivet and aluminum sheets. Fatigue bands and fatigue cracks appeared in fatigue specimens after high cycle fatigue, while those with low cycle fatigue specimens did not appear. Small cracks weaken the strength of the aluminum sheet, resulting in the static tensile strength of the riveted specimen with high cycle fatigue is lower than that of other fatigue specimens.     

Analysis of the fracture behaviour of a stitched single-lap joint

The effect of stitching on the fracture response of single-lap composite joints was studied by a combined experimental and numerical analysis. Unstitched and Kevlar stitched joints were tested under static and fatigue loading to characterize damage progression and failure modes; a three-dimensional finite element analysis was carried out to evaluate the influence of stitches on strain energy release rates as a function of damage and to identify the role of various stitching parameters on the fracture behaviour of joints.It was observed that the failure of the joints occurs as a consequence of the propagation of delamination at the interface between the adherends; the propagation is stable under fatigue loads and unstable under static loads. Stitching does not improve the static strength of joints but significantly prolongs the duration of the crack propagation phase under fatigue loading.The results of finite element modelling indicate that the incorporation of stitches reduce G_I to zero after the delamination front passes the stitch line, but it is not effective in reducing mode II energy release rate. They also show that strain energy release rates are not greatly affected by the length of stitch-laminate debonding, which, conversely, does influence stitch tensioning. Moreover, 3D analysis reveals that stitches become less efficient in reducing the crack driving force with increasing stitching steps.