调频步进雷达ISAR成像方法

针对调频步进雷达的ISAR(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar)成像问题,提出了一维距离像和ISAR成像的分步补偿方法.通过优化雷达系统参数,在保证抽取损失和伪峰幅度在容许范围内的同时最大化了一维距离像的速度补偿误差容限.一维距离像运动补偿参数通过拟合子脉冲包络对齐的平移量获得,当拟合脉冲数足够多时,估计精度在一维距离像的速度补偿误差容限以下;对目标一维距离像进行包络对齐和相位聚焦完成ISAR成像的运动补偿.最后,通过仿真分析验证了算法的可行性.     

基于稀疏步进调频信号的低信噪比逆合成孔径雷达成像

针对稀疏步进调频信号对目标径向运动敏感且低信噪比(SNR)下难以聚焦成像的问题,该文提出基于遗传算法和稀疏贝叶斯学习的平动补偿与高分辨逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)成像方法.首先,针对稀疏步进调频信号建立回波模型和稀疏观测模型,通过构造参数化字典,将ISAR成像问题转换为目标运动参数估计与高分辨距离像(HRRP)合成的联合...     

基于单帧调频步进脉冲串的高速目标运动补偿算法

调频步进信号是一种重要的高分辨信号形式。在调频步进雷达中,目标运动会引起合成距离像畸变和信噪比增益损失。分析了目标运动对合成高分辨距离像的影响,提出了一种基于脉间脉冲重复时间(PRT)设计和对比度的高速目标运动补偿算法,只需利用单帧调频步进脉冲串,便可同时对径向速度和径向加速度进行补偿,特别适用于高速运动目标的情况。仿真结果表明,该算法对目标特性和信噪比不敏感,具有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于HT-MDCFT的高速机动目标运动参数估计

针对低信噪比条件下高速机动目标运动参数估计问题,将Hough变换(HT)和修正离散线性调频傅里叶变换(MDCFT)相结合,提出一种新的雷达信号处理算法(HMDCFT)。该算法首先采用Hough变换,从距离像图像中提取目标运动轨迹特征,校正距离走动并解速度模糊;然后利用MDCFT校正多普勒频率徙动,估计目标运动参数;最后沿估计的目标运动轨迹对回波能量进行相参积累。数值实验表明,该方法具有优越的抗噪声能力和运动参数估计性能。相比于利用距离像间相关性的包络互相关法,其抗噪声能力提升了约17.6 dB;即使雷达回波输入信噪比低至-35 dB,该方法仍可精确估计目标运动参数,充分聚焦目标回波能量。     

线性调频步进信号的高速目标运动补偿技术

首先,对高速运动目标的线性调频步进回波信号建立了模型,该模型不仅考虑了目标运动造成的线性调频步进回波子脉冲信号相位变化,以及复包络时间比例发生的变化,还考虑了目标的径向运动导致子脉冲线性调频信号调频斜率的变化.然后,基于该回波模型提出了线性调频步进信号频域合成运动补偿算法,对运动目标回波信号进行精确的运动补偿.仿真结果表明,频域合成后得到的高分辨距离像副瓣电平＜-40 dB,基本消除了目标高速运动对信号合成处理结果的影响.     

基于FRFT的非均匀转动目标ISAR自聚焦算法

在ISAR成像中,目标的非均匀转动会引入与散射点位置有关的相位误差,无法用统一的相位误差函数表示,而散射点子回波的相位精度对于ISAR自聚焦的相位校正非常重要.针对加速转动的目标,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT:fractional Fourier transform)的自聚焦算法.在预先选定的距离单元上,利用分数阶傅里叶变换提取最大功率散射点对应的调频信号,并以该信号为参考信号消除目标平动引起的相位误差.利用同样的方法,在多个距离单元上提取最强散射点对应的调频信号,并对调频信号的估计值加权平均,得到非均匀转动参数的最优估计,进而对信号非均匀采样,消除非均匀转动的相位误差.仿真结果验证了该算法能够很好地消除相位误差.     

基于三阶多项式傅里叶变换的SAR地面加速运动目标参数估计与成像

该文主要针对加速运动目标的参数估计及成像问题,推导了加速度目标的SAR回波频谱,分析了回波相位三次项估计和补偿对运动参数估计和SAR成像的必要性。提出一种利用Hough变换估计距离走动率和径向速度、相位补偿法校正距离徙动效应,并基于三阶多项式傅里叶变换(LPFT)对三次相位估计的新方法。利用Hough变换,在不明显增加计算量的前提下,达到加速运动目标的运动参数精确估计和精确聚焦成像的目的。最后通过仿真数据验证了该算法的有效性。     

步进频率信号相位对消合成运动目标距离像

研究了步进频率信号运动目标成像新方法。首先推导了步进频率信号合成扩展目标距离像原理;基于离散傅里叶变换理论,分析了运动导致的步进频率信号合成距离像失真,提出了相位因子对消合成运动目标距离像方法。新方法不需要估计运动速度。仿真结果证明了该算法效果。     

线性调频步进信号雷达目标运动参数估计方法

针对目标运动对线性调频步进信号雷达成像的影响,提出一种基于时频分析的目标运动参数估计方法。对差频处理后的各簇回波信号进行快速傅里叶变换,利用变换后信号与子脉冲序列的线性调频关系,通过维格纳分布和Radon变换对目标不同时刻运动参数进行估计。结合二值数学形态学与图像边缘检测方法提高对多散射点目标运动参数估计的精度。在此基础上,针对目标可能出现的变速运动情况,利用最小二乘算法拟合整个成像时间内目标运动速度的变化,较好地实现对机动目标的运动参数估计。仿真实验验证了本文方法的有效性。     

短脉冲非相参雷达的逆合成孔径成像及其稀疏恢复成像技术

短脉冲非相参雷达(NCSP)的辐射源输出微波脉冲持续时间短,针对于高速运动目标而言,其脉冲持续时间内的目标运动可忽略不计,对回波信号不需进行专门的脉冲内运动补偿。为了利用短脉冲非相参雷达信号进行逆合成孔径雷达成像,该文应用补偿相参处理的方法,去除辐射信号包络时间不确定性和初始相位的不确定性影响,在常规方法进行包络对齐和初相补偿后可利用距离-多普勒(RD)方法进行逆合成孔径雷达成像,仿真验证了补偿后信号成像的可行性。然而,短脉冲非相参雷达的载频随机抖动的因素会导致距离-多普勒成像结果在多普勒维度产生随机调制的旁瓣,影响成像的质量。利用稀疏恢复技术,在成像空间中对目标的散射中心进行稀疏重构,利用正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法和稀疏贝叶斯学习(SBL)算法进行成像,从而实现了抑制非相参因素引起的成像旁瓣,改进了成像质量,通过仿真验证了方法可行性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks