潘三矿立井揭煤瓦斯抽采模拟研究

瓦斯抽采对于立井揭突出煤层起到重要的作用,准确的确定钻孔瓦斯有效抽采半径和合理的在待抽煤层中布置抽采钻场对煤层消突具有关键性作用。基于多孔介质中流体流动达西定律理论,采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件对该煤层瓦斯抽采进行了模拟。模拟结果表明,此煤层的瓦斯有效抽采半径为3 m,随着抽采时间的增加,煤层瓦斯压力逐渐的降低,但降低的速率会逐渐的减小。瓦斯抽采30天后,其残余的瓦斯压力为0．18 MPa ,这与现场实测的最大残余瓦斯压力0．2 MPa相接近,这说明了模型的可信性,其模拟结果可为瓦斯抽采设计提供参考。     

利用SF_6示踪技术测试煤层瓦斯抽采半径

为了合理布置煤层抽放钻孔数量,采用SF6示踪技术测定煤层瓦斯抽采半径。沿煤层布置一排试验钻孔,选定其中某几个孔作为SF6释放孔,其余作为抽采试验孔,在一定的抽采负压条件下,通过观测抽采试验孔的瓦斯浓度随时间的变化情况,可以确定煤层瓦斯抽采半径。在朱集矿的试验中,通过一个月的连续观测,测得该矿11-2煤层瓦斯抽采半径可以达到5 m。利用SF6示踪气体可以较好的测定煤层瓦斯抽采半径。     

顺煤层定向长钻孔水力压裂煤层增透技术及试验研究

为了提高顺煤层钻孔瓦斯抽采效果,在分析井下煤层水力压裂技术发展现状及其增透机理的基础上,结合定向长钻孔施工技术与煤层水力压裂增透强化抽采技术,提出了顺煤层定向长钻孔裸孔坐封、水力压裂增透技术工艺。鉴于赵固二矿二1煤层中等偏硬、厚度大、瓦斯含量高等特征,选择该矿井二1煤层进行长钻孔整体压裂试验。结果表明:采用煤层长钻孔孔内封隔器裸孔坐封方式能够满足赵固二矿水力压裂煤层段密封需要;注水压裂过程压力上升平稳,泵压和流量达到设计要求;工具串回收过程无塌孔和卡阻现象,顺层长钻孔孔内封隔器裸孔坐封和压裂工艺达到预期目标;整体水力压裂影响半径最大达到38 m(单侧),压裂钻孔百米钻孔瓦斯抽采量比常规顺层钻孔有了较大提升。     

低透气煤层预裂瓦斯运移数值模拟及抽采试验

针对高瓦斯低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采难问题,利用数值模拟软件RFPA^2D—Flow再现了采取煤层深孔爆破预裂后,瓦斯在煤层及爆生裂隙中的流动规律。研究结果表明,预裂圈内煤和岩石的孔隙率大大提高,煤层透气性显著增加,但当裂隙圈之间不相交时,瓦斯同样很难在完整的低透气性煤体中运移,因此只有当抽采瓦斯钻孔处在裂隙圈中才能高效抽采瓦斯。现场试验证实,低透气性煤层预裂后,有效导通裂隙增加,布置在裂隙圈内抽采瓦斯钻孔可以获得高效抽采瓦斯效果,从而降低煤与瓦斯突出危险性。     

钻孔数量对瓦斯抽采量及抽采时间的影响

基于自主研发的多场耦合煤层气开采物理模拟试验系统升级改造了顺层钻孔瓦斯抽采系统,开展了不同钻孔数量条件下顺层钻孔瓦斯抽采物理模拟试验,探讨了瓦斯抽采量(瞬时流量、累积流量)和抽采时间的演化规律.结果表明:当钻孔数量由1个增加到2,3和4个时,单钻孔累积流量约下降至原来的0.60,0.45和0.35倍.不同钻孔数量抽采时,瞬时流量曲线出现交叉现象,即抽采前期钻孔数量越多瞬时流量越大,中后期逐渐变化为钻孔数量越多瞬时流量越小.累积流量随钻孔数量的增加呈对数函数增加,钻孔数量越多,其增加效果越不明显.抽采时间随钻孔数量的增加呈幂函数降低,钻孔数量越多,其下降效果越不明显.     

CO_2致裂增透技术的抽采半径考察研究

为了提高在某矿15号煤层穿层钻孔瓦斯抽采效率和缩短瓦斯抽采达标时间,利用CO_2致裂增透技术对瓦斯抽采钻孔致裂作用进行抽采半径考察,通过对煤层致裂增透前后的瓦斯抽采效果进行对比分析可知三组不同瓦斯抽采半径的最优抽采钻孔间距,最终确定瓦斯抽采半径。现场试验表明,CO_2致裂增透技术条件下,三组瓦斯抽采半径致裂孔的布置方式,1.5m瓦斯抽采半径能有效缩短抽采达标时间,提高瓦斯抽采率。     

煤层正交各向异性渗透率演化模型

为了描述煤层气开采和煤层瓦斯抽采过程中煤层各向异性渗透率的演化行为,构建了有效应力变化和瓦斯吸附/解吸双重作用下的煤层正交各向异性渗透率演化模型,推导了立方型和指数型两种模型表达式并对其可靠性进行了验证.基于构建的煤层正交各向异性渗透率演化模型,模拟了煤层渗透率各向异性对顺层钻孔预抽瓦斯的影响.结果表明:当渗透率各向异性程度相同时,随着钻孔与最大渗透率方向夹角的增大,单孔抽采流量逐渐升高;钻孔方位变化对单孔抽采流量的影响与渗透率各向异性程度呈正比例关系.     

基于残余瓦斯含量的顺层钻孔抽采有效半径阶梯式测定法

为确定瓦斯抽采合理钻孔间距,有效减少或消除抽采空白带,基于瓦斯抽采相关标准与行业规范,以突出煤层采煤工作面瓦斯含量临界值、采煤工作面回采前煤体可解吸瓦斯含量、采煤工作面瓦斯抽采率和预抽率作为抽采达标的4项基本指标,根据4项基本指标计算得出残余瓦斯含量最小值,将其作为考察指标,对顺层钻孔瓦斯抽采有效半径测定方法进行探索,提出阶梯式测定法.使用该测定法对山西霍尔辛赫煤业有限责任公司3号煤层瓦斯抽采有效半径进行现场测试,同时基于含瓦斯煤的流固耦合动态模型对测试结果进行数值模拟验证.结果表明:阶梯式测定法现场测试结果与数值模拟结果基本吻合,在该矿合理预抽期内,抽采有效半径为1.52 m,合理钻孔间距为2.50 m.研究结果对于完善瓦斯抽采有效半径测定方法、确保瓦斯抽采达标具有参考作用.     

基于动态扩散的煤层多场耦合模型建立及应用

为研究瓦斯抽采过程中煤层瓦斯流场演化规律,本文基于双重孔隙介质的假设,建立了应力场、渗流场和扩散场多场耦合模型,引入了动态扩散系数,使模拟结果更接近实际情况.结果表明:随着测点与钻孔距离的减小,煤层渗透率先减小后增大;瓦斯扩散系数的衰减系数λ在抽采初期对渗透率空间分布影响不显著,后期随着扩散系数的快速衰减,渗透率空间分布差异变大.当λ≤1×10~(-7)时,渗透率随时间先降低后升高;当λ≥2×10~(-7)时,随时间的增加,渗透率由先降低,再升高,然后再降低的变化趋势转为一直降低.衰减系数越大,裂隙内瓦斯压力衰减越快,基质孔隙压力衰减越慢.采用裂隙压力测得的有效抽采半径随时间增长越来越快,而采用基质孔隙压力测得的有效半径随时间增长逐渐趋于平缓,说明基质孔隙压力是确定钻孔有效抽采半径的合理指标.     

煤与远程卸压瓦斯安全高效共采试验研究

运用高瓦斯煤层群煤与瓦斯安全高效共采的思想,在淮南潘一矿进行了煤与瓦斯安全高效共采及远程瓦斯抽采的试验研究：首先开采瓦斯含量低、无突出危险的B11煤层,利用其采动影响使处在其上部70m(相对层间距35)的C13煤层卸压,煤层透气性系数增加近3000倍,瓦斯大量解吸并形成了沿顺层张裂隙流动的条件,通过在C13煤层底板沿走向布置的瓦斯抽采巷向C13煤层均匀地打网格式上向穿层钻孔,C13煤层内的卸压解吸瓦斯在煤层残余瓦斯压力和抽采负压作用下沿顺层张裂隙向抽采钻孔汇集,瓦斯抽采率达60%以上,不仅消除了煤与瓦斯突出危险性,而且相对瓦斯涌出量由原来25m^3／t下降到5m^3／t,工作面日产量由原来的1700t提高到5100t,成功地实现了煤与瓦斯两种资源的安全高效共采。     

改善平沟煤矿16~#煤层润湿性的研究

煤层注水现已成为矿井预防重大事故的综合性安全技术措施.煤层注水是以解决采煤工作面煤尘问题而发展起来的,后来又逐渐应用于预防冲击地压,提高瓦斯抽放效等方面.煤体注水的好处很多,但是不同煤质会对注水造成不同的影响.针对平沟16#煤润湿性差的现象进行了研究,并提出了添加尼诺尔、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和2种表面活性剂改善其煤体的润湿性,以提高煤体注水的效果.     

超临界CO2增透煤热流固耦合模型与数值模拟

针对中国绝大多数高瓦斯煤层渗透性低以及低渗透煤层强化抽采瓦斯效果不理想的现状,结合超临界CO₂强扩散和溶解增透孔隙介质等独特优点,依据超临界CO₂作用后煤微观孔裂隙的演化特征,得到煤微观孔隙率和渗透率演化方程,根据孔隙率的变化确定损伤变量,考虑体积应力、温度、孔隙压力及超临界CO₂溶解增透作用的影响,建立超临界CO₂作用后煤的热流固耦合力学模型,利用ABAQUS软件提供的场变量子程序,结合PYTHON脚本和子程序二次开发功能,实现低渗透煤层注超临界CO₂增透规律数值模拟。结果显示：超临界CO₂注入后,注气孔周围煤体内体积应力、温度及孔隙压力变化明显,随着距注气孔距离的增加,影响程度逐渐减弱,并趋于稳定;经超临界CO₂作用后,注气孔周围煤体内不断萌生新的孔裂隙,并与原有的孔裂隙相互贯通,随注气时间的延长各级孔裂隙不断向煤体纵深演化发展,煤微观孔隙率较注气前提高了2个数量级;超临界CO₂的致裂增透作用引起煤体不同程度的损伤,距注气孔越近,损伤程度越大,损伤增加越快,注气时间越长,损伤增加的幅度越大;煤微观孔裂隙的有效发育为煤层气的扩散渗流提供了更多的运移通道,使煤体渗透系数较注气前提高了3个数量级。     

Hydraulic drill hole reaming technology with large flow and draining of coal mine gas

This paper takes Zhaozhuang mine in Shanxi province as an example to study the technology of hydraulic reaming drill hole for improving the gas extraction. The influence of the physical properties of coal seam on the hydraulic reaming drill holes and the draining of coal mine gas were analyzed and discussed for different coal structure areas, and the following conclusions were made. Hydraulic drill hole reaming has had a positive impact in Zhaozhuang Mine, and can improve the efficiency of gas extraction to different degrees. The water jet pressure used in hydraulic drill hole reaming mainly depends on the structure of the coal. When the coal seam basically becomes integrated, the critical water jet pressure increases, the discharge becomes relatively easy to achieve, the blocking effect on the gas extraction decreases, and the gas extraction significantly increases after the reaming process. When the coal seam is broken, the critical water jet pressure decreases, the discharge becomes difficult to achieve, the blocking effect on the gas extraction becomes obvious, and the gas extraction changes slightly after reaming.     

注CO2 驱替煤层气过程的影响因素分析

基于煤储层注CO2 提高煤层气采收率的机理, 从实验模拟研究和现场出发, 总结和分析了注CO2 过程的影响因素。通过研究发现, 影响因素主要有煤质条件、 水和CO2 的注入压力及注入速率。煤质条件中的矿物、煤层中的水因其种类、 含量及分布特点不同而影响注气过程, 在煤中无外来水源补给的自由水状态下, 煤中碳酸盐矿物含量越高, 煤层气采收率越高; 注气压力越大, 煤层气产出的渗流通道越好, 在一定时间内甲烷脱附率随着CO2注入速率的增加而增大。通过层次分析法对各影响因素进行敏感性分析发现, 煤质条件的权重系数为0. 5 5, 在注气过程中起主要作用。     

石门沟煤矿3号煤层瓦斯赋存规律探究

煤层瓦斯质量体积（含量）是煤层瓦斯主要参数之一,是矿井进行瓦斯涌出量预测、煤与瓦斯突出预测和瓦斯抽放设计的重要依据.只有摸清矿井瓦斯赋存规律,才能对采掘面瓦斯抽放制定合理的技术措施.为避免石门沟煤矿瓦斯治理的盲目性,笔者通过分析煤层瓦斯质量体积与埋藏深度的关系,并结合矿井地质构造,研究了煤层瓦斯赋存规律,总结得出石门沟煤矿3号煤层瓦斯质量体积受地质构造控制,在远离地质构造区域,瓦斯质量体积与埋藏深度呈正相关,并推出其关系式,为矿井瓦斯治理提供可靠数据.     

长平矿“立体式”瓦斯抽采模式的探索与实践

瓦斯抽放是防治煤矿瓦斯灾害事故的根本措施,长平矿经过几年的探索实践,逐步形成了煤层瓦斯抽放、地面钻井抽放及开掘底板岩巷穿层钻孔抽放等独具特色的立体式瓦斯抽放模式,多措并举,大大降低了煤层的瓦斯含量及矿井瓦斯涌出量,为进一步提高矿井瓦斯抽放率及瓦斯治理技术奠定了坚实基础．     

石门沟煤矿3号煤层瓦斯赋存规律探究

煤层瓦斯质量体积(含量)是煤层瓦斯主要参数之一,是矿井进行瓦斯涌出量预测、煤与瓦斯突出预测和瓦斯抽放设计的重要依据.只有摸清矿井瓦斯赋存规律,才能对采掘面瓦斯抽放制定合理的技术措施.为避免石门沟煤矿瓦斯治理的盲目性,笔者通过分析煤层瓦斯质量体积与埋藏深度的关系,并结合矿井地质构造,研究了煤层瓦斯赋存规律,总结得出石门沟煤矿3号煤层瓦斯质量体积受地质构造控制,在远离地质构造区域,瓦斯质量体积与埋藏深度呈正相关,并推出其关系式,为矿井瓦斯治理提供可靠数据.     

A case study of gas drainage to low permeability coal seam

Gas drainage at low gas permeability coal seam is a main barrier affecting safety and efficient production in coal mines. Therefore, the research and application of drainage technology at low permeability coal seam is a key factor for gas control of coal mine. In order to improve the drainage effect, this paper establishes a three-dimensional solid-gas-liquid coupling numerical model, and the gas drainage amounts of different schemes are examined inside the overburden material around the goaf. The Yangquan mine area is selected for the case study, and the gas movement regularity and emission characteristics are analyzed in detail, as well as the stress and fissure variation regularity. Also examinations are the released gas movement, enrichment range and movement regularity during coal extraction. Moreover, the gas drainage technology and drainage parameters for the current coal seam are studied. After measuring the gas drainage flow in-situ, it is concluded that the technology can achieve notable drainage results, with gas drainage rate increase by 30%–40% in a low permeability coal seam.     

Reservoir reconstruction technologies for coalbed methane recovery in deep and multiple seams

Multiple coal seams widely develop in the deep Chinese coal-bearing strata. Ground in situ stress and coal seam gas pressure increase continuously with the increase of the mining depth, and coal and gas outburst disasters become increasingly severe. When the coal is very deep, the gas content and pressure will elevate and thus coal seams tends to outburst-prone seams. The safety and economics of exploited firstmined coal seams are tremendously restricted. Meanwhile, the multiple seams occurrence conditions resulted in different methane pressure systems in the coal-bearing strata, which made the reservoir reconstruction of coal difficult. Given the characteristics of low saturation, low permeability, strong anisotropy and soft coal of Chinese coal seams, a single hydraulic fracturing surface well for reservoir reconstruction to pre-drain the coalbed methane(CBM) of multiple seams concurrently under the different gas pressure systems has not yet gained any breakthroughs. Based on analyses of the main features of deep CBM reservoirs in China, current gas control methods and the existing challenges in deep and multiple seams, we proposed a new technology for deep CBM reservoir reconstruction to realize simultaneous high-efficiency coal mining and gas extraction. In particular, we determined the first-mined seam according to the principles of effectiveness and economics, and used hydraulic fracturing surface well to reconstruct the first-mined seam which enlarges the selection range of the first-mined seam. During the process of mining first-mined seam, adjacent coal seams could be reconstructed under the mining effect which promoted high-efficiency pressure relief gas extraction by using spatial and comprehensive gas drainage methods(combination of underground and ground CBM extraction methods). A typical integrated reservoir reconstruction technology, ‘‘One well for triple use", was detailed introduced and successfully applied in the Luling coal mine. The application showed that the proposed technology could effectively promote coal mining safety and simultaneously high-efficiency gas extraction.