水蒸气活化再生扑热息痛用废活性炭的研究

以扑热息痛生产过程中产生的废活性炭为研究对象,采用管式电阻炉的加热方式对其进行再生条件的研究。实验重点考察了在氮气作为保护气体的条件下再生温度、再生时间、水蒸气流量3个因素对再生活性炭亚甲基蓝吸附性能和得率的影响。得到了废活性炭再生的最佳实验条件:再生温度750℃,再生时间20min,水蒸气的流量2.0mL/min。在最佳实验条件下得到的再生活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值为184.5mg/g,得率70.56%,在此条件下测得再生活性炭的比表面积为996.8m2/g,总孔体积为0.995mL/g。通过对废活性炭和再生活性炭扫描电镜的分析发现再生后的活性炭孔隙数量增多并且其表面杂质明显减少。     

成型活性炭的制备及其甲烷吸附性能的研究

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为粘结剂、比表面积为2325m2/g的粉状活性炭为原料,考察了成型活性炭的制备及其对甲烷吸附性能的影响。正交实验结果表明,影响甲烷体积吸附量的因素由大到小依次为:成型压力>热处理温度>热处理时间>粘结剂的添加比例,并且得出了这种成型活性炭的最佳成型工艺,即:成型压力62.5MPa,热处理温度250℃,热处理时间90min,粘结剂质量添加比例20%。用最佳条件制备的成型活性炭在298K和3.6MPa下对甲烷的体积吸附量可达167.9。     

用废弃印刷线路板非金属组分分离物制备多孔炭(英文)

以FR-3型废旧印刷线路板非金属分离物为前躯体,经热解、物理活化/化学活化制备活性炭。研究了热解温度对残碳收率的影响,活化反应条件对活性炭烧蚀率、孔结构的影响。结果表明,随着热解温度的提高残碳收率下降。以600℃热解的残碳为原料,加入煤焦油沥青做粘结剂,经成型、破碎,800℃炭化,再经水蒸气850℃活化3 h,可制得比表面积为1 019 m2·g-1、孔容为1.1 cm3.g-1的粒状活性炭;而以600℃热解的残炭为原料,加入KOH,在900℃活化2 h,可制得比表面积为3 112 m2.g-1、孔容为1.13 cm3·g-1的粉状活性炭。     

活性炭纤维动态吸附氙性能及氙脱附行为研究

研究了活性炭纤维(ACF)前处理及再生前后动态吸附氙的性能差异, 重点研究了温度对氙脱附行为的影响. 结果表明, 前处理对活性炭纤维动态 吸附氙的性能有较大影响, 而再生处理对吸附?性能的影响不大. 高温加热氙的脱附效率>97%, 但存在150℃的温度阈值, 且在150℃以上, 温度 的变化对氙的脱附没有影响.     

粉状活性炭颗粒制备、脱色性能及再生性能研究

以粉末活性炭为原料,聚乙烯醇为粘结剂制备了颗粒活性炭,考察了干燥温度、干燥时间以及胶炭比对脱色性能的影响,并讨论了颗粒活性炭的再生性能.结果表明,颗粒活性炭的最佳后处理条件为:温度160℃,时间2h;其最佳胶炭比为1∶2.0.用酸洗涤法对脱色效果最好的颗粒活性炭进行了再生处理,其再生效果良好.对颗粒活性炭进行表征分析,其比表面积随胶炭比的增加而减小.SEM照片反映出颗粒活性炭内部粉末与胶粘剂的粘接和颗粒堆积产生的空隙.     

活性炭脱除低浓度硫化氢研究进展

用活性炭脱除低浓度的硫化氢是一种经济有效的方法。综述了近年来国内外在这方面的研究进展,归纳了反应机理,总结了活性炭孔道结构、湿度、改性剂以及原料气组分、活性炭表面化学环境等对反应的影响,总结了失活后活性炭的再生方法：用水蒸汽或惰性气体热再生和直接用空气氧化再生。并预测了这种方法的应用前景。     

催化氧化净化黄磷尾气中的磷和硫

利用黄磷尾气生产甲酸、乙酸以及甲醇等高附加值产品，净化预处理成为制药其应用的瓶颈问题。研究了用普通活性炭和自制催化剂KU2催化氧化净化黄磷尾气的方法；讨论了固定床系统中常压下、温度20~140℃，催化剂上磷和硫化氢的吸附特征。KU2和活性炭都能通过催化氧化过程有效脱除黄磷尾气中的P4，PH3和H2S杂质，随着反应温度和氧含量增加可显著提高净化效果，在最优条件下，经催化氧化净化后的总磷含量＜5mg/m3，硫化氢＜5mg/m3，失效后的催化剂易于再生，催化剂经多次再生后催化性能恢复良好；提出了活性炭固定床稳定     

热泵气扫式膜蒸馏装置再生除湿溶液性能研究

除湿溶液对水蒸气有强烈吸收性,在空调、干燥等领域都有广泛应用,除湿溶液吸收一定量水蒸气后浓度下降,吸湿能力减弱,需要进行再生;针对沸腾蒸发再生方法需要配备真空设备、表面蒸发再生方法存在溶质损耗、电渗析法再生能耗较高等问题,设计了热泵结合气扫式膜蒸馏的除湿溶液再生装置,具有再生过程常压运行、除湿溶液无损耗、再生能耗低等特点;介绍了装置的流程和工作循环,给出了装置的特性方程,计算分析了装置关键影响因素如膜孔直径、除湿溶液浓度、除湿溶液温度、吹扫气流速对装置性能指标(单位膜面积再生速率、再生能耗比)的影响规律;建立热泵气扫式膜蒸馏实验装置对质量分数40%的溴化锂溶液在34.2℃进行了再生实验测试,表明单位膜面积再生速率可达0.55kg/(m²·h),再生能耗比可达3.61kg/kWh,具有较好的应用优势。     

活性炭纤维—基础和应用

纤维状吸附剂与粒状和粉状吸附剂相比，具有较快的吸附速率并且易于处理。本文综述了日本工业界活性炭纤维开发的现状和应用。主要介绍了有关活性炭纤维的基础研究。对于气、液相活性炭纤维吸附床的设计，床中的轴向扩散对于确定床层的穿透行为是一个重要因素。本文也介绍了基于床层特性确定纤维床中轴向扩散系数的方法。     

磷酸法活化煤焦油渣制备活性炭研究

研究了以陕西煤焦油渣作为原料,用磷酸作为活化剂,在400～1000℃的条件下经一步炭活化法制备活性炭。研究了炭活化温度、时间、料剂比对煤焦油渣制备活性炭吸附性能及孔结构的影响。实验结果表明炭活化温度、炭活化时间主要影响活性炭产品的得率,高温和长时间会导致更多的碳损失;活性炭的吸附性能及孔结构主要受炭活化温度和料剂比影响。最佳活化工艺条件为850℃、3h、1∶3。通过其活性炭表面孔径分布及表面官能团含量变化表征,用磷酸浸泡煤焦油渣制备活性炭有利于大、中孔结构的产生,其最佳活化条件下孔径分布约在20～100nm。     

Preparation of steam activated carbon from rubberwood sawdust (Hevea brasiliensis) and its adsorption kinetics

Activated carbon was produced from a biowaste product, rubberwood sawdust (RWSD) using steam in a high temperature fluidized bed reactor. Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of various process parameters such as activation time, activation temperature, particle size and fluidising velocity on the quality of the activated carbon. The activated carbon was characterized based on its iodine number, methylene blue number, Brauner Emmet Teller (BET) surface area and surface area obtained using the ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether (EGME) retention method. The best quality activated carbon was obtained at an activation time and temperature of 1h and 750 degrees C for an average particle size of 0.46 mm. The adsorption kinetics shows that pseudo-second-order rate fitted the adsorption kinetics better than pseudo-first-order rate equation. The adsorption capacity of carbon produced from RWSD was found to be 1250 mg g(-1) for the Bismark Brown dye. The rate constant and diffusion coefficient for intraparticle transport were determined for steam activated carbon. The characteristic of the prepared activated carbon was found comparable to the commercial activated carbon.     

Different solvents for the regeneration of the exhausted activated carbon used in the treatment of coking wastewater

The solvents n-pentane, methylene dichloride, ethyl ether and dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid sodium were used to regenerate exhausted activated carbon used in the process of treating coking wastewater, and the efficiency, ability, and optimum conditions of the different solvents on this regeneration were investigated. The results indicate that n-pentane could effectively remove refractory organic compounds in the coking wastewater adsorbed on the surface of activated carbon and could repeatedly regenerate the exhausted activated carbon to recover its adsorption activity. Under the conditions of a regeneration time of 20 min, a regeneration temperature of 25°C, an activated carbon drying time of 300 min, and an activated carbon drying temperature of 150°C, n-pentane had the best regeneration efficiency, at 98.27%, for exhausted activated carbon. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis results show that the nature of the activated carbon regenerated by organic solvents had no remarkable change in adsorption for the main types of organic compounds in coking wastewater. The good regenerative effect of n-pentane on the activated carbon may be due its stronger desorption of esters embedded within the internal structure of activated carbon.     

蔗渣活性炭二次活化制备及其吸附CO2性能研究

以蔗渣为原料, 以ZnCl₂为活化剂制备出活性炭AC, 并用KOH对活性炭AC进行二次活化制备活性炭KAC。用热重法测定材料的CO₂吸附脱附性能, 傅里叶红外光谱、氮气物理吸附-脱附和扫描电镜对样品进行表征。结果表明：KAC具有优异的CO₂吸附性能, 在60℃下其对CO₂吸附量可达3.45 mmol/g, 而AC的CO₂吸附量仅有1.79 mmol/g。KAC的CO₂吸附能力明显优于AC。循环吸附脱附的结果表明, 经过5次吸附-脱附, 材料的吸附量无显著变化, 表明材料具有良好的再生性能。傅里叶红外分析结果表明两种活性炭材料的特征峰基本一致, 活性炭表面官能团中羟基和羧基可以使活性炭表面的极性增大。氮气物理吸附-脱附和扫描电镜结果表明材料都具有发达的孔径结构, 但KAC的孔径结构比AC更发达, 因此其对CO₂的吸附能力也更强。     

流化喷雾造粒法制取低糖速溶豆粉的研究（Ⅰ）──流化喷雾造粒机理的实验研究

本文在间歇式流化喷雾造粒床内，研究了豆粉流化造粒的颗粒生长机理和规律。考察了床层温度、过剩流化气速、料液的黏度和流率、品种尺寸、晶种量和晶种的类别等操作条件对颗粒生长速率的影响，寻找到较好的工艺操作条件。     

Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of CO2 and CH4 on activated carbon modified by acetic acid

In order to improve the properties of activated carbons in the separation of carbon dioxide/methane mixture, organic acid, namely acetic acid, is used to modify the commercial coconut shell activated carbons. The modified sample 15H-AC shows greater adsorption capacity than the raw material. To further explore the adsorption mechanism of carbon dioxide and methane on 15H-AC, adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics are studied and compared with that on R-AC. According to the results of adsorption kinetic study, it can be observed that the diffusion of both carbon dioxide and methane on 15H-AC is faster than that on the raw material. The findings obtained in the adsorption thermodynamics indicate that the interaction of both carbon dioxide and methane with the modified sample is stronger and the spontaneity degree is higher. The physical adsorption of carbon dioxide on 15H-AC indicates that the regeneration of the adsorbents is easy. The modified activated carbon, which possesses higher adsorption capacity, faster adsorption rate and good reproducing property, is promising in the separation of carbon dioxide / methane gas mixtures industrially.     

利用晶硅切割废砂浆制备SiC粉体

以光伏产业晶硅切割废砂浆为主要原料,通过真空碳化法制备了 SiC 粉末。在通过物理和化学方法测定废砂浆组分含量的基础上,确定了初始原料 Si/C 配比。随后,利用 XRD 和 SEM 分别研究了真空热处理温度、无机碳源种类等对所制备粉末的物相和组织的影响,产物粉末的粒径分布范围通过激光粒度仪测试。研究表明,在900~1100℃温度范围,随着反应温度的升高,硅粉与活性炭的碳化反应越来越完全,并在1100℃完全生成了 SiC 粉末。继续升温,X 射线衍射峰的强度逐渐升高,SiC 产物粉末的粒度越来越大。此外,不同碳源在相同条件的碳化反应结果表明,活性炭作为碳源比石墨效果更佳。     

KOH活化法高比表面积竹质活性炭的制备与表征

以竹屑为原料,研究了KOH活化法高比表面积活性炭的制备工艺.分别考察了浸渍比、活化温度、活化时间等工艺参数对产品吸附性能的影响,并提出了可能的活化机理.在所研究的实验条件下,最佳的制备工艺是浸渍比1.0,活化温度800℃,活化时间2h.所得到的活性炭产品的比表面积和孔容可达2996m2/g和1.64cm3/g.该产品附加值高,在吸附领域特别是在双电层电容器的电极材料领域有广阔的应用前景.     

Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics and desorption studies of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on oil palm empty fruit bunch-based activated carbon

The adsorption characteristics of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) on activated carbon prepared from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) were evaluated. The effects of TCP initial concentration, agitation time, solution pH and temperature on TCP adsorption were investigated. TCP adsorption uptake was found to increase with increase in initial concentration, agitation time and solution temperature whereas adsorption of TCP was more favourable at acidic pH. The adsorption equilibrium data were best represented by the Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The mechanism of the adsorption process was determined from the intraparticle diffusion model. Boyd plot revealed that the adsorption of TCP on the activated carbon was mainly governed by particle diffusion. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy (DeltaH degrees ), standard entropy (DeltaS degrees ), standard free energy (DeltaG degrees ) and activation energy were determined. The regeneration efficiency of the spent activated carbon was high, with TCP desorption of 99.6%.