腐植酸肥对百色植烟土壤养分和烤烟香气质量的影响

正2010-2011年采用大田试验,研究了施用腐植酸肥对百色植烟土壤养分和烤烟香气质量的影响。结果表明,施用腐植酸肥可提高土壤速效钾、有机质等主要养分含量,并能明显提高烤烟的经济效益,以腐植酸肥用量为150 kg/hm~2的烤烟经济性状指标最高。施用腐植酸肥能改善烟叶     

控释肥不同用量对水稻产量及土壤养分含量的影响

为探索水稻高产的施肥模式,解决水稻生产中多次追肥、用工多、肥料利用率低等问题,对控释肥不同用量下的水稻产量和土壤养分状况进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,不同控释肥用量处理的水稻产量均高于对照处理,增产幅度在5.4%~8.1%之间,以K3处理最高;施用控释肥处理能提高分蘖成穗率,同时缩短稻株基部节间长度,利于提高水稻抗倒伏性能;与对照处理相比,不同用量控释肥处理的土壤无机态氮含量分别增加10.89%和3.12%,速效磷含量分别提高4.32%~10.23%(拔节期)和2.52%~6.57%(成熟期),速效钾含量分别提高4.89%~23.56%(拔节期)和3.44%~13.21%(成熟期)。不同控释肥用量处理均对水稻产量、土壤养分含量有正效应,建议在水稻种植上用控释肥替代常规用肥。     

石灰与腐植酸钾配施对新平整土地烤烟产量和品质的影响

<正>采用石灰和腐植酸钾对新平整烟田进行土壤改良田间试验,研究了2种改良剂与化肥配施对烤烟养分吸收、产量、品质等方面的影响。结果表明:化肥可显著提高土壤速效养分,保证烤烟正常生长;石灰明显改善土壤pH,提高烤烟产量;腐植酸钾显著提高土壤有机质,提升烤烟品质。化肥、石灰、腐植酸钾配施可以有效缓解土壤酸害,提     

控释复合肥对土壤某些生化性质的影响

采用2种不同养分配比但总养分量相等的控释复合肥进行景天三七小区试验,并与总养分量相等的普通复合肥比较,研究相同养分配比的控释复合肥与普通复合肥及不同养分配比的2种控释复合肥对土壤某些生化性质的影响。试验结果表明,景天三七各生长期不同施肥处理的土壤养分含量以控释复合肥1(CRF1)和控释复合肥2(CRF2)处理较好,在整个生长期内都能满足景天三七对养分的需求;普通复合肥的养分在土壤中释放迅速,在景天三七生长后期出现脱肥现象;土壤酶的活性与土壤养分含量呈密切的相关性,可将其作为评价土壤肥力的指标。     

2种控释BB肥养分控释性能的比较

在25℃静水释放试验条件下,对2种控释BB肥的控释性能进行了研究。结果表明:2种控释BB肥对养分均有一定的控释性能,对氮素的控释效果最好,磷、钾控释效果较差。两种控释BB肥相比,控释BB肥1对氮的控释效果优于控释BB肥2,而控释BB肥2对磷、钾的控释效果优于控释BB肥1。     

腐植酸与硅肥配施对土壤养分的影响

通过盆栽实验,研究腐植酸与硅肥配施对土壤养分的影响。结果表明,施肥量高的处理,提高了土壤养分中的有效硅、水溶性钙、速效钾、有机质含量,碱解氮、速效磷的含量,各种养分含量随着施肥量增加而提高;腐植酸可增加硅肥的有效性。腐植酸与硅肥施肥量均达0.8g/kg时,土壤中各种有效养分含量最高。腐植酸与硅肥配施较二者单独施用时效果好。     

植物生长调节剂和黄腐酸钾对烤烟叶片生长及钾含量的影响

采用大田试验研究烟株打顶后喷施植物生长调节剂及黄腐酸钾对烤烟叶片生长及钾含量的影响。结果表明:喷施植物生长调节剂及黄腐酸钾各处理对烤烟农艺性状影响不显著,喷施黄腐酸钾+赤霉素处理对上部叶叶面积增幅最大,顶叶和上二棚叶面积增幅分别为72.3%、46.1%;与喷施清水相比,喷施黄腐酸钾处理对上部叶钾含量积累效果最佳,喷施黄腐酸钾+赤霉素对中部叶和下部叶钾含量的积累效果最佳。综上结果,以喷施黄腐酸钾25 g/L+赤霉素0.05 g/L对烤烟叶片生长及钾含量积累的影响效果最佳。     

黄腐酸对植烟土壤改良及烟叶品质的影响研究

以“云烟97”为研究对象,通过大田试验,于2014年研究了不同黄腐酸施用量对植烟土壤改良及烟叶品质的影响。试验结果表明：施用黄腐酸提高了土壤速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮、有机质、土壤微生物生物量碳、土壤微生物生物量氮含量,并促进土壤中三大菌落的繁殖,但施用黄腐酸对土壤微生物多样性促进效果不明显;黄腐酸促进了烟株根系发育,提高了烟株根系体积,干、鲜重;     

控释尿素与黄腐酸提高稻麦轮作系统产量和效益的协同效应

正在山东济南粘质水稻土上进行水稻–小麦轮作田间小区试验,试验设不施氮(CK)、普通尿素(U)、控释尿素(CR-U)、控释尿素减量40%(60%CRU)、控释尿素配施黄腐酸(CR-U+F)和控释尿素减量40%配施黄腐酸(60%CR-U+F)6个处理。于水稻和小麦苗期、拔节期、灌浆期/抽穗期和完熟期采集植株和土壤样品,测定植株叶片光合特性、氮素吸收量和籽粒产量,及土壤pH和有效氮、磷、钾养分含量。结果表明:     

不同控释氮比例的控释氮掺混肥氮素淋失特征研究

采用模拟灌溉和模拟降雨方法,研究不同控释氮比例的控释氮掺混肥在原状土柱土壤中养分的淋失特征。研究结果表明,控释氮掺混肥显著降低了土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮的淋失,增强了土壤pH值缓冲性,提高了后期土壤溶液电导率;控释氮占59％的控释掺混肥具有“前控后保”的特点,适于推广应用。     

低成本缓释化肥的实验室制备及其养分释放特征研究

研制了一种低成本缓释化肥,并对其养分缓释性能及养分释放规律进行了研究.实验结果表明:蒸馏水的作用无法使该缓释肥料中的大分子物质水解而释放出养分,而土壤则能使其养分基本释放,这说明该缓释肥料中的高分子物质能够在土壤中降解,作为化肥施入土壤后在一段时间内能够降解成能被植物吸收的小分子营养物质.     

我国控释肥料的研究进展

简述了近40年来我国研制控释肥料的背景和研究现状,包膜控释肥料的研究,控释肥料中氮、磷效应研究和养分释放的评价方法及我国控释肥料的发展前景。     

淹水稻田土壤条件下包膜控释肥料养分释放的动力学与数学模拟

采用室内培养方法,对包膜控释肥料在不同温度淹水土壤条件下的养分释放动态变化开展试验,建立了养分释放数学模型。应用该数学模型对包膜控释肥料N释放率的动态变化进行模拟和验证计算。结果表明,模拟值与实测值基本一致,证明数学模型具有实用性。     

促释型硼泥的养分释放特点及其肥效研究

采用连续浸提、盆栽试验的方法,研究促释型硼泥的养分释放特点及其肥效.连续浸提结果表明,与硼泥相比,促释型硼泥每次的水溶性镁释放量都有提高;烟草盆栽试验结果表明,与硼泥处理相比,促释型硼泥处理烟草的叶绿素含量、光合速率、生物量和镁肥利用率均更优.     

包衣型缓／控释肥料研究进展

缓／控释肥料作为传统肥料的替代产品具有许多优点,能够大大提高肥料的利用率。因此,开发成本低、生产工艺简单且对环境友好的缓／控释肥是今后肥料领域研究的主攻方向之一。本文阐述了缓／控释肥料的类型,论述了国内外包衣型缓／控释肥料及其养分释放机理的研究现状,分析了国内外包衣型缓／控释肥应用现状及发展方向。     

控释肥料养分释放动力学及其机理研究 第1报 温度对包膜型控释肥料养分释放的影响

研究 4种包膜型控释肥料养分释放及温度对释放过程的影响。供试 4种肥料具有指数线形和 S线形释放特征曲线。指数线型控释肥料与 SU GIHARA方程和 S线型控释肥料与 ISHIBASHI改进方程有良好的拟合性。4种包膜型控释肥料的养分释放曲线符合初始诱导期校正参数 tau的一级反应模型。具有指数释放特征曲线包膜型控释肥料的 tau可给出零。为了养分的开始释放 ,需要一定量的水分透入包膜肥料内 ,HCRF S70需要透入的水比HCRF E5 0的多。养分释放呈指数曲线形的 HCRF E5 0和养分释放呈 S曲线形的 HCRF S70在释放机理上没有差异。与指数曲线形的 HCRF E5 0相比较 ,S曲线形的 HCRF S70养分释放推迟是由于养分开始释放时所需水分量较大。因此 ,养分释放呈 S曲线形的控释肥料的诱导期依存于温度。     

Preparation and characterization of triple polymer‐coated controlled‐release urea with water‐retention property and enhanced durability

Triple polymer coated with controlled‐release water retention fertilizer (TCWF) and enhanced mechanical property was developed by coating polyethylene (first layer), poly (acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) superabsorbent (second layer), and poly (butyl methacrylate) (third layer) consecutively on the granule core urea in the fluidized‐bed coater. The inner layer possessed controlled‐release property, the middle layer had water absorbent characteristic, and the thin outer layer aimed to protect the fragile layer of the superabsorbent. The relationship between the thickness of coating layer and the nutrient releasing properties was established. The effects of polymerization parameters on the water absorbency of the superabsorbent were studied and optimized as well. The nutrients release behaviors of this triple‐coated urea in both water and soil were investigated and compared. The results showed that TCWF not only performed as a good controlled‐release fertilizer but also had excellent water retention capacity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Carbonaceous microsphere-based superabsorbent polymer as filler for coating of NPK fertilizer: Fabrication,properties, swelling,and nitrogen release characteristics

Recently, the use of controlled release fertilizers in agriculture has resulted in huge benefits in plant growth and cultivation. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP)-coated fertilizers have the added advantage in retaining water in soil after irrigation and also reduce the nutrient release rate from soil in a controlled manner. This study aimed to produce a nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) fertilizer coated with superabsorbent carbonaceous microspheres polymer (SPC) by inverse suspension polymerization method with water-retention and controlled release properties. Two sets of experiments were conducted: (1) three different weight percentages and (2) different materials. NPK coated with SPC showed increasing water-retention ability with respect to carbon microsphere percentages and retains >80% water at the 30th day of experiment compared with pure NPK and NPK coated with SAP. The slow release behavior of all samples was investigated by induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry spectrometry and results showed that NPK coated with SAP and SPC has a low release rate with <50% nutrient release compared with uncoated NPK at the 30th day. The release mechanism kinetics of NPK coated with SAP and SPC were studied based on the Kosmeyer–Peppas model. The mechanisms approached Fickian diffusion-controlled release as the n value for both samples was less than 0.5. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48396.