一种新型军用激光测距系统的设计与研究

报导了一种新型的军用随伴火炮激光测距系统。该系统具有便携且易于火与火炮联机使用和技术集成,战术展开后,实时将激光测距信息自动、快速转换的表尺装定密位,并同时赋予射击诸元,实现了各种野外气象条件下的精确测距。     

X波段行波管阳极控制电子枪设计

大功率电子枪设计中的主要问题是如何构成强流电子束和使电子枪中电子束聚焦。利用差值计算的方法初步确定了电子枪几何尺寸参数,进而应用数值模拟的方法计算了电子枪的结构及束流特性,设计了应用于X波段连续波大功率行波管的阳极控制电子枪。该电子枪设计参数为：阳极调制,导流系数为0．44μP,射程大于37mm,注腰半径为1mm。结果表明,该电子枪可完全满足x波段连续波大功率行波管对互作用电子束的要求。     

A new type of cathode-ray tube with a crossed-field gun

This paper introduces a new type of cathode-ray tube with a crossed-field electron gun which produces an electron beam in a region where a nonuniform magnetic field and an electric field cross perpendicularly. The new configuration gives increased freedom in the design of crossed-field guns. As a result, a long, directly heated cathode can be readily applied to a gun structure which makes high perveance and instant operation possible with much improved cathode heating efficiency. The new gun provides ion trap action by virtue of a magnetic field which separates ions from electrons due to the difference in their masses. A new type of cathode-ray tube using this gun not only demonstrates these features but also requires relatively low operational voltages for beam acceleration and control electrodes. The paper includes an analysis of electron motion in a crossed field with a nonuniform magnetic field. It also shows practical configuration of electrodes and current characteristics of the gun.     

A design method for crossed-field electron guns

A design method for crossed-field guns based on a space-charge-flow solution in crossed fields is given. By using the method of analytic continuation in the complex plane, it is shown that it is possible to find the exact form of the electrodes required The design results in a gun similar to the French "short gun" with the great advantage that the current emitted from the gun and the current density at the cathode can be predicted. It is also shown that by making certain approximations to the exact space-charge-flow solution, a new type of gun can be designed, a "long gun" which can have extremely high convergence. The theory for this latter gun is extremely simple and the electrode shapes can be given entirely in analytic form.     

激光热灼枪准直镜头设计与非球面优化方法

为了满足激光武器对光束质量日益增长的需求,提出了一种光学准直系统的设计思路及非球面镜优化方法,并将该方法成功应用于一款激光热灼枪的镜头设计,使该枪可以在更远范围内获得更高质量的准直光束。首先在战技参数分析和光路计算的基础上得到初始结构,而后对其进行非球面优化,并基于ZEMAX对两次仿真结果做出对比分析,数值结果显示优化结构具有显著优势,其非球系数和曲率半径分别为0.584 mm和115.37 mm,光能利用率在使用GB 1316-88减反射膜的情况下可达99.92%。经过公差分析后加工出镜头并与枪体组合进行了木板烧蚀实验,实验与仿真结果吻合度良好,镜头性能的优越性证明了所提出设计及优化方法的可行性与合理性,也为其他领域的类似问题提供了一定的参考价值。     

The experimental characteristics of a wide dynamic range crossed-field gun

This paper briefly describes the experimental verification of the properties of a wide dynamic range crossed-field gun [1]. This gun, which is a combination of a Kino short gun (or it could be a Kino long gun) and a two-section transformer region, can be used to inject electron beams (with cathode current density varying over a wide range) into the interaction region under optimum conditions and under conditions of a fixed magnetic field. The beam injection level and its injection velocity can also be varied over a wide range by suitably adjusting the electric fields in the two sections of the transformer. The fabrication of the experimental tube is also briefly described.     

利用高双折射光纤的色散效应产生微波脉冲

研究了一种基于啁啾高斯脉冲在高双折射光纤中的光学色散效应和干涉产生微波脉冲的新方法，推导了啁啾高斯光脉冲在经过色散延迟后产生的微波频率的解析表达式。输出的微波频率可以通过选择不同的光学系统参数和啁啾高斯脉冲参数实现控制。研究了不同啁啾参数对输出脉冲强度、脉冲持续时间和脉冲频率的影响，结果表明，输入脉冲啁啾参数的引入不仅可以提高输出脉冲的持续时间，还可以使所需脉冲频率实现约10％的可选范围。     

The design and performance of grid-controlled, high-perveance electron guns

The focusing electrode and a probe projecting through the cathode serve as control electrodes for the current from a convergent-beam electron gun. The principal advantage of this type of "grid" is that there is no interception of the high-current-density beam by the probe-grid. This paper presents the design procedure and experimental results for typical probe-gridded guns. The design procedure is used to obtain the desired perveance, beam diameter, and approximate laminar electron flow. The probe geometry that results in a minimum beam distortion is discussed. The range of values of amplification factor obtainable and the influence of probe geometry on this factor are discussed. The magnetic field required for focusing the beam from a probe-gridded gun is compared with that required for perfect laminar flow and for focusing the beam from a nongridded gun of similar design. An electrolytic tank in conjunction with an analog computer was used to plot electron trajectories, with the effect of space charge included, for the probe-gridded gun and a similar nongridded gun. A comparison of the electron optics of the gridded and nongridded gun is made. Electrical breakdown and beam current during the interpulse time are problems considered. Methods used to minimize electrical breakdown and interpulse beam current are presented. Several models of probe-gridded guns were constructed. The measured characteristics of these guns demonstrate that the advantages of grid control can be obtained with only a minor effect on gun perveance and beam focusing.     

Amplitude and frequency modulation using a wide dynamic range injected-beam crossed-field gun†

Methods for amplitude modulation and frequency modulation of injected beam crossed-field tubes using a wide dynamic range crossed-field gun (Sidhu and Wadhwa 1967) are described. This gun has the property that by properly adjusting the electric fields in the two regions of the transformer section, the electron beam can be injected into the interaction region at any desired level, with a fixed injection velocity or the velocity of injection can be varied over a wide range at a fixed injection level. The properties of injection level variations and injection velocity variation can be utilized to produce amplitude modulation and frequency modulation in injected beam crossed-field tubes.

The beam is injected optimally into the interaction region as desired, without any cycloid formation under conditions of fixed magnetic field. The flexibility of the gun to give variable current and inject the beam optimally into the interaction region under the conditions of fixed magnetic field, can also be used for amplitude modulation purposes.     

可视电话、可视门铃用显像管电子枪的研制

可视电话、可视门铃具有广阔的发展前景,其显像管电子枪属于关键部件。本文介绍了用于可视系统三电位短电子枪的特点,电子枪透镜结构和工作原理,以及电子透镜的结构设计。实验结果表明,电子枪的性能参数符合设计要求。     

A reflective semiconductor optical amplifier based all-optical header separator

An all-optical header extraction scheme based on the reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) is presented, which can be used to process variable-length and bit-rate transparent packets. Through selecting the appropriate carrier-lifetime of the RSOA, the payload pulses obtain smaller gains than header pulses and are considered to be compressed. By using the reflective structure, the header pulses can acquire larger gains than the payload twice, and the contrast radio (CR) is improved. The simulation results show that the CRs can reach 22.8 dB and 18 dB for the packets with header pulses at the rates of 2.5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s, respectively, and these values can be optimized through properly selecting the structure parameters, such as the small-signal gain and saturation energy.     

Electron beam characterization for a compact far-infraredfree-electron laser

A compact, far-infrared free-electron laser (FIR-FEL) is operating at 85 μm at Stanford University, where the electron beam is obtained from a 1½ cell, thermionic RF (2.856 GHz) cavity gun. This gun was not designed for FEL operation, and under the condition at which it was intended to operate, with a peak acceleration gradient below 85 MV/m, it would not be suitable. We have explored new parameter ranges, and have found that at high peak gradients, from 100-140 MV/m, the gun will function satisfactorily as an FEL accelerator. For example, thirty-nine percent of the total gun current was transmitted through a 1% energy window at a beam energy of γ=9.72. At γ=9.56, a 304 mA macropulse current with an estimated rms micropulse length of 3.4 ps was obtained, and the normalized rms emittance was measured to be 11.6 π-mm-mrad for the 1% energy-spread electrons, corresponding to a beam brightness of 2.3×10¹¹ A/m². For these parameters, the calculated small small-signal gain for our 0.5 m-long wiggler is 110% at a wavelength of 85 μm. In this paper we characterize the electron beam from a 1½ cell, thermionic cathode, RF cavity gun in a parameter range where it can be used as the accelerator for a far infrared FEL     

一款低抖动宽调节范围锁相环频率合成器的设计

提出了一种基于SMIC公司0.18μm工艺、输出频率范围为1 GHz～3 GHz的低抖动电荷泵锁相环频率合成器设计方法.该设计方法采用一种新型自动调节复位脉冲的鉴频鉴相器结构,可以根据压控振荡器反馈频率自动调节不同的脉冲宽度,用以适应不同的输出时钟.仿真结果显示该器件能够有效降低锁相环频率合成器的抖动,其最大峰-峰值抖动为20.337 ps,锁定时间为0.8μs,功耗为19.8 mW.     

A new high-performance color picture tube: The mask-focusing color tube

From a technical point of view, improvements of conventional color picture tubes could be regarded as having reached their limits. In this respect, we have found that the mask-focusing tube can achieve further improvements when combined with the black-matrix technique, a high-performance gun, dot screen structure, high-matrix transparency, and large gun electrode diameter. Two-fold improvements of brightness and contrast have been obtained with mask transparency twice that of conventional tubes, 22-percent higher matrix transparency, and mask-focusing. A 20-30 percent less deflection power has also been achieved with 110° deflection, neck diameter, and 1:2 mask-focusing voltage ratio. A 20-percent less spot diameter and a sharp beam distribution have been obtained by a new multistage-focusing electron gun in a delta arrangement in the 35.5-mm neck diameter.     

LOW COHERENCE PULSED DOPPLER LIDAR WITH AMPLIFIED REFERENCE BEAM STORAGE

In this paper, we have successfully developed a new low coherence pulsed Doppler lidar concept for wind speed measurements, in which a pulsed laser is used as the source for measurement and reference beam. A fraction of the transmitted pulse is stored in a fiber optic ring resonator with a path length longer than the pulse. The output of the resonator is a pulse train that is used as the reference beam and can be mixed with the Doppler shifted measurement signal. Because this reference has traveled a distance equivalent to the measurement beam’s path length, low coherence sources can be used. Inserting an erbium-doped fiber amplifier into the resonator ensures that the stored pulses do not decay in amplitude. Careful control of gain and amplified spontaneous emission is required to prevent laser oscillation while maintaining sufficient gain for the signal. Experiments prove that 16 reference pulses of sufficient amplitude and stability can be generated. Computer simulations suggest that 70 pulses should be achievable, which would be equivalent to a Doppler lidar measurement range of 2,550 m.     

Novel test structure for the measurement of electrostatic dischargepulses [MOS ICs]

A test structure for the measurement of electrostatic discharge (ESD) pulses using a floating gate transistor is presented. It was found that ESD pulses of a wide range of magnitudes can cause a shift in the threshold voltage of such a floating gate transistor. The change in device characteristics was quantified by measuring the drain current. For a given geometry, the response was proportional to the magnitude of the ESD event for a particular range of voltages. This particular range of sensitivity also scales linearly with the capacitance ratio of the devices studied. Numerical simulation of a simple model of the device leads to sufficiently accurate results for the design of a specific sensitivity if the processing parameters are considered. The lowest sensitivity determined was 60 V     

飞秒-纳秒脉冲激光烧蚀金属热效应分析

为了描述不同脉冲激光烧蚀金属表面作用过程,从双温模型出发,用有限元差分法对飞秒、皮秒和纳秒脉冲烧蚀金属表面的温度场进行了数值求解,将结果与不同的激光脉冲宽度内约化双温方程得到的解析解和简化方程进行了比较,并讨论了这些简化方程的适用范围和简化的合理性,还讨论了电子热流表达式与辐照激光光强的关系。计算结果表明,在不同脉冲宽度内的约化方程所得结果与双温模型数值求解符合得很好,证明了在飞秒领域,晶格温度可认为是常数,双温模型被简化为自由电子的温度变化方程;在皮秒激光领域,要用完整的双温方程描述;纳秒脉冲期间认为电子晶格温度相等,双温模型被简化为热传导方程。     

The Experimental Study of Novel Pseudospark Hollow Cathode Plasma Electron Gun

The high-power microwave devices with plasma-filled have unique properties. One of the major problems associated with plasma-filled microwave sources is that ions from the plasma drift toward the gun regions of the tube. This bombardment is particularly dangerous for the gun, where high-energy ion impacts can damage the cathode surface and degrade its electron emission capabilities. One of the techniques investigated to mitigate this issue is to replace the material cathode with plasma cathode. Now, we study the novel electron gun (E-gun) that can be suitable for high power microwave device applications, adopting two forms of discharge channel, 1: a single hole channel, the structure can produce a solid electron beam; 2: porous holes channel, the structure can generate multiple electronic injection which is similar to the annular electron beam.     

Triode electron injection systems for hollow beams

Novel electron guns, in which a conical hollow electron beam is projected at a large angle to the axis into a coaxial deflection region, were tested. The guns have a triode structure so that the perveance can be varied easily. The strong deflection increases the effective perveance of the beam and makes the trajectories insensitive to current variations. In the form of a device with the gun at a large radius and projecting the beam inward, the electron paths are sensitive to scattering in the gun. The inverted gun, projecting the beam outward, is relatively free from this difficulty. The systems generally behave as expected, and should be quite useful for initiating variable-current hollow electron beams in various available focusing arrangements.     

新型激光打靶器的设计

为了提高适应性和实用性,我们设计了一种新型的靶枪分离型激光打靶器。该打靶器采用数字调制方法,把信息加载在光脉冲序列中通过发射系统发射出去,接收系统通过扫描和解码过程把信息取出.另外采用聚合物光纤作为靶面与探测器阵列之间的光学通道,有效地增强了系统的抗干扰能力。本文介绍了该打靶器的基本工作原理,并对硬件和软件的设计作了详细分析。