热轧430不锈钢表面氧化皮的电解酸洗、混酸酸洗工艺研究

430不锈钢薄板冷轧制品可广泛应用于装饰、家电外壳等,但其冷轧前的热轧过程中产生的表面氧化皮对产品的质量影响很大.为此,分析了430不锈钢产品表面氧化皮的特点,试验研究了电解酸洗、混酸酸洗的工艺,提出了电解酸洗之后再进行混酸酸洗的最佳工艺参数.研究结果表明,热轧板带头的氧化皮厚度约为带尾的2倍,而上表面氧化皮相对于下表面更为疏松.酸洗去除430不锈钢表面氧化皮可采用的最佳工艺参数为:先在电流密度为4A/cm2、温度为75℃的10%硫酸钠溶液中电解30s,然后在55℃,60g/L硝酸,20g/L氢氟酸的混酸溶液中酸洗100s.经二步酸洗后制品表面氧化皮得到有效去除,对生产具有较好的指导意义.     

喷涂气体温度对冷喷涂304不锈钢层组织结构与性能的影响

冷喷涂304不锈钢层耐腐蚀性能优良,而喷涂气体温度对涂层组织结构与性能影响较大。采用不同温度的喷涂气体,在低碳钢表面冷喷涂304不锈钢层,探讨了喷涂气体温度对涂层相结构、致密度、厚度、硬度、内聚结合力以及沉积率的影响。结果表明：提高喷涂气体温度对304不锈钢涂层的物相无影响,不会使涂层明显氧化;随喷涂气体温度升高,喷涂...     

Fe-Cr-Ni-Co合金堆焊和重熔层的空蚀性能

将Fe-Cr-Ni-Co合金堆焊在304不锈钢表面,再对冷却后的堆焊层进行表面重熔,进行不同时间的空蚀实验.采用失重分析、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪分析空蚀后的合金层,与304不锈钢和堆焊层对比,研究了表面重熔对耐空蚀性能的影响.结果表明:堆焊层和重熔层的耐空蚀性能远高于304不锈钢,重熔后的合金层其耐蚀性优于堆...     

不锈钢酸洗及其防氢脆措施

不锈钢经退火,淬火、焊接、锻造等高温加工后,零件表面会产生一层尖晶石型结构(FeO.Cr2-O_2或NiO.Cr_2O_3)的氧化皮,这种氧化皮致密,对基体的附着力强,采用普通强酸(HC1.HNO_3.H2_SO_4等)很难洗去,并且易引起过度腐蚀及氢脆破坏,我厂最近试验出一种酸洗抑制剂和酸洗促进剂的强浸蚀酸洗体系,能在室温下快速地去除不锈钢表面在热处理中生成的氧化皮,并对酸洗后的零件进行碱洗脱氢处理,有效地控制了零件的脆性破坏. 一、酸洗液组成不锈钢酸洗液必须具有两种作用,其一是溶剂作用,对氧化皮具有溶解能力;其二是氧化作用,能将难溶于酸的低价氧化物氧化为高价氧化物,经试验筛选,我厂选用HC1-H NO_3-HF混酸体系为基本成份.     

锂-亚电池绝缘子高温氧化行为及酸洗工艺研究

目的针对锂亚硫酰氯电池绝缘子表面生成的灰黑色氧化皮结构致密、相组成复杂,与基体附着力极强,且与玻璃浸润紧密连接的特点,研究一种酸洗工艺以有效清洁绝缘子的高温氧化皮且不影响玻璃-封接气密性。方法利用SEM和X-ray等方法对其盖板和芯柱的高温氧化皮进行了测试和分析,采用"化学酸洗、钝化处理"与"超声清洗、机械抛光"相结合的方法进行实验。结果盖板(304不锈钢)表面生成了NiO_2, CrO_3,FeO·Cr_2O_3,FeO·Cr_2O·3Fe_2O_3等致密型氧化物;芯柱(4J28可伐合金)表面则生成了Fe-Cr固溶体、Cr_2N、FeCr_2O_4、Cr_(23)C_6等氧化产物。结论成功实现了利用同一种混合酸液将两种不同状态和成分的氧化皮同时快速清除。     

304Cu抗菌不锈钢盐酸基酸洗工艺的研究

为了明确盐酸基酸洗液对含Cu抗菌不锈钢表面氧化层的酸洗行为,采用正交试验法研究以盐酸为基础,Fe~(3+)、H_2O_2和HNO_3为氧化剂的304Cu抗菌不锈钢酸洗工艺.并运用扫描电镜、透射电镜及电化学等手段分析经最佳配方酸洗后试样的表面形貌、成分及酸洗机理.结果表明:最佳酸洗工艺配方为HCl(36%~38%)120 ml/L、H_2O_2(30%)80 ml/L、FeCl_3·6H_2O 20g/L、HNO_310 ml/L,酸洗温度30℃,酸洗时间15 min.经该配方酸洗后材料表面平整度和光亮度较好,具有抗菌性能的点状ε-Cu相在基体上弥散分布.材料经酸洗去除氧化层后,仍具有足够含量的抗菌元素Cu存在.酸洗脱除氧化层过程由电荷传递过程控制,该酸洗液对不锈钢具有孔蚀诱导性,酸洗时间不宜过长.     

生产过程中不锈钢元件热处理条件与氧化皮的特征及其对酸洗之影响

本文研究了几种不锈钢弹性元件在生产过程中,热处理介质,零件表面状态,加工应力对表面氧化状态的影响及不同氧化特征与氧化皮酸洗的关系。并探讨了3J1材料的元件木炭保护时效热处理的负效果问题。     

超薄型不锈钢螺纹管酸洗工艺

对壁厚在0.3 mm以下超薄型不锈钢螺纹管酸洗工艺进行了改进,旨在提高酸洗质量,简化生产工序.采用酸洗、高压清洗方法替代原来松动氧化皮、预酸洗、酸洗、除残渣等复杂工序.其中,关键在于酸洗液中添加两种表面活性剂,有效地提高了酸洗速度及酸洗质量.经过半年多生产实践检验,该工艺简单、槽液稳定、调整方便、产品质量高、不产生废品,生产效率提高3倍以上.     

304不锈钢表面化学钝化膜对Sn粘附行为的影响

为了研究化学酸洗钝化在低熔点金属Sn与304不锈钢粘附过程中的作用,通过浸泡腐蚀实验分析了液态Sn与U型弯曲后的酸洗钝化不锈钢的交互作用行为,探讨了Sn粘附对不锈钢基体浸泡腐蚀性能的影响.实验结果表明:Sn与304不锈钢相互作用在界面处形成了片状(Fe,Cr)Sn2化合物冶金层,酸洗钝化处理改变了冶金结合,使液态Sn与304不锈钢界面成为直接物理接触;U型弯曲破坏了钝化膜的完整性,未能阻止Sn与不锈钢的界面冶金结合,但降低了界面化合物层的厚度.浸泡腐蚀实验结果表明,Sn粘附层促进了不锈钢基体腐蚀.     

冷喷涂304不锈钢涂层的弯曲力学行为研究

采用冷喷涂(CGDS)技术在IF钢基体上制备304不锈钢涂层.用SHIMADZU液压伺服疲劳试验机对304不锈钢涂层样品进行三点弯曲实验,用扫描电子显微镜来研究冷喷涂304不锈钢涂层的断裂行为.结果表明:冷喷涂304不锈钢涂层的断裂行为为脆性断裂;裂纹萌生于涂层表面,随着载荷和力矩的增加,裂纹向涂层内部扩展,裂纹在涂层...     

Yttrium implantation effect on 304L stainless steel high temperature oxidation at 1000°C

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and in situ X-ray diffraction techniques were carried out to observe the oxide scale evolutions of yttrium implanted and unimplanted commercial 304L stainless steels during and after their high temperature oxidation at 1000°C for 100 h. Our results clearly demonstrate that yttrium implantation promotes a faster oxide scale growth and the formation of a more uniform chromia layer due to a higher chromium selective oxidation compared to unimplanted 304L stainless steel. Moreover, the presence of yttrium also leads to the formation of an enriched silicon layer at the metal-oxide interface limiting the growth of iron-based oxides which were not detected (even during cooling) in the case of yttrium implanted samples. These results allow to understand the low weight gain of yttrium implanted 304L stainless steel observed by thermogravimetry and underline the beneficial effect of yttrium implantation on the 304L oxidation resistance at high temperature.     

Yttrium oxide film deposition by a Langmuir-Blodgett processing technique and its incorpiration into oxide scales by substrate oxidation

Thin films (about 10 nm) of Y₂O₃ have been deposited by a Langmuir-Blodgett processing technique onto a variety of substrates: type 304 stainless steel, low carbon steel, titanium, zirconium and silicon. The substrates were afterwards oxidized in air at 800, 1000 (304 steel), 400 (low C steel), 500 (Ti), 450 (Zr) and 1000 (Si) °C. The effects of the film on the oxide scale thickness and the interaction between Y₂O₃ and the oxide of the substrate have been studied by ion backscattering. In stainless steel, the Y₂O₃ film reduces the oxidation rate by orders of magnitude and Y is distributed throughout the oxide scalw (1–10 at.% level). In other substrates, the effect on oxidation rate was less pronounced, but changes in the visual appearance often took place. The Y₂O₃ incorporation varied for the different substrates, and Y₂O₃ remained as a surface film in the cases of Ti and Si. Such films exhibited good adherence and could not be removed by wiping. The potential use of metal oxide thin films for surface analysis standards and diffusion marker studies is discussed.     

纳米Al2O3和TiO2改性有机硅涂层对304不锈钢高温氧化行为的影响

本文以纳米Al₂O₃和TiO₂为主要填料,采用物理混合方法制备了两种纳米改性有机硅涂料,将涂料喷涂于马口铁和304不锈钢表面并室温干燥,获得了两种涂层样品。测试了两种涂层的常规机械性能,研究了600℃空气中涂层对304不锈钢抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明：两种涂层均具有良好的附着力、柔韧性和耐冲击性能。两种涂层均能有效减缓304不锈钢在600℃下的氧化;当纳米Al₂O₃和TiO₂含量比例为4:1时,纳米改性有机硅涂层对304不锈钢的防护效果最佳。     

304不锈钢冷却管束加工缺陷产生原因分析

通过化学成分分析、金相检验和断口分析等方法检测分析了在某一批次加工304不锈钢冷却管束过程中产生缺陷的原因。结果表明:缺陷主要有清理焊缝后出现的凹坑和焊后出现的裂纹两种;由于材料中存在微量氧和锡等有害元素以及分布不均的铜和铈元素,导致在管子焊接过程中,钨极氩弧焊接过程中熔池中产生氧化物熔渣,有的残留在焊缝金属表面被去除后产生凹坑;焊管在弯曲过程中,由于Cu-Sn合金产生铜脆而在钢管的受拉应力的一侧产生局部裂纹。因此,这些缺陷是由此批次不锈钢的纯净度较差引起的。     

激光选区熔化成形工艺对304L不锈钢冲击韧性的影响

目的 了解激光选区熔化(SLM)成形工艺参数对304L不锈钢冲击韧性的影响,从而得到304L不锈钢的最佳成形工艺参数。方法 对激光功率300~340 W,激光扫描速度800~1 500 mm.s^?1条件下的激光选区熔化成形304L不锈钢开展冲击试验,通过表面硬度、微观组织及断口形貌观察对冲击韧性的影响规律进行分析。结果 SLM成形304L不锈钢微观组织为跨越熔池生长形成的不规则柱状晶粒,成形工艺参数对试样表面硬度影响不显著;随着激光功率的增大和激光扫描速度的降低,304L不锈钢断面致密程度提高,孔洞类缺陷尺寸减少且数量减少,冲击韧性增大,冲击功最大值为141.9 J。结论 基于冲击试验结果,在激光体能量密度为100~140 J/mm³的条件下,304L冲击韧性稳定在138 J左右,为SLM成形304L材料的最佳成形参数区间。     

Characterization of the oxides formed at 1000 °C on the AISI 316L stainless steel—Role of molybdenum

In the present work, in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the oxides formed on the AISI 316L stainless steel (SS) during isothermal oxidation at 1000 °C, in air. The results were compared with those obtained on the AISI 304 SS in order to better explain the role of molybdenum on the oxidation process of the AISI 316L (containing 2% Mo). A good oxidation behavior is observed on the AISI 316L considering kinetics, structural characteristics and scale adherence. It is shown that molybdenum plays a similar protective role as the one observed with silicon. Moreover, it is possible to add a higher content of molybdenum in the stainless steel compared with silicon (usually 0.5 wt%). This higher protective element content hinders the external iron diffusion and leads to the lower growth rate and the better scale adherence. The oxide scale is then composed of Cr₂O₃ with a small amount of Mn_1.5Cr_1.5O₄ at the external interface. The better scale adherence appears to be also related to a pegging effect at the internal interface.     

Microstructural features of dissimilar MMC/AISI 304 stainless steel friction joints

The microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar friction joints between aluminium-based MMC and AISI 304 stainless steel base materials were investigated. The microstructural features which occur in the stainless steel substrate comprise deformation twinning, formation of a fine-grained dislocation substructure in austenite, and plastic deformation. The stainless steel substrate was plastically deformed in the region close to the mid-radius of the dissimilar joint. In a similar manner, 5–10 m thick transition layers, comprising regions of locally plasticized MMC-base material, were formed close to the mid-radius location in dissimilar joints. The interlayer formed at the dissimilar joint interface comprised a mixture of oxide (Fe(Al,Cr)₂O₄ or FeO(Al,Cr)₂O₃) and FeAl₃ intermetallic phases. The notch tensile strength of dissimilar MMC/AISI 304 stainless steel joints increased when the rotational speed increased from 500 r.p.m. to 1000 r.p.m., and at higher rotation speeds, there was no effect on notch tensile strength properties.     

Effect of surface modification on laser direct joining of cyclic olefin polymer and stainless steel

Surface modification pretreatment on the laser-bonded joint between a cyclic olefin polymer (COP) and stainless steel (SUS304) was studied to determine its effect on improving the laser-bonded joint strength. The joint strength between the surface-modified COP and SUS304 was significantly improved compared with that of an equivalent un-treated joint. This improvement is caused by the generation of oxygen functional groups on the COP surface resulting in the improved adhesion of these groups with the oxide film formed on the SUS304 surface.As for the surface pretreatment of COP, the generation of bubbles in ultraviolet (UV)–ozone processing due to thermal degradation of the COP was more noticeable than with plasma pretreatment. Excessive surface modification of the COP, causing a decrease in joint strength was found to correlate with the surface energies of COP and SUS304.