芳香羧酸及其衍生物还原到芳香醛——4,4’-二苯乙烯二甲酸能否还原成4,4’-二苯乙烯二甲醛

分子中含有多个乙烯基团的二苯乙烯类荧光增白剂其增白效果好于仅含一个乙烯基团的二苯乙烯类荧光增白剂,由4,4’-二苯乙烯二甲醛可以方便地合成分子中含三个或更多个乙烯基团的二苯乙烯类荧光增白剂.因此,如何合成4,4’-二苯乙烯二甲醛是制备此类荧光增白剂的关键.按有机化学理论,有机羧酸可以经还原得到醛,但该文的调研表明,欲在工业上实现醛的这种制法尚不具有经济性.     

4,4′-二氰基二苯乙烯合成路线综述

随着以4,4′-二氰基二苯乙烯为主要原料合成的荧光增白剂的成功开发,近年来对4,4′-二氰基二苯乙烯的研究开发又重新受到重视.在系统概述4,4′-二氰基二苯乙烯合成工艺的基础上,归纳出二苯乙烯双键基团和氰基基团两大合成途径.分析了各合成工艺的特点和主要影响因素,并对今后的合成研究提出了建议.     

聚乙烯醇改性荧光增白剂的制备及其在洗涤剂中的应用

三聚氯氰与4,4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-2,2'-二磺酸和2种氨基化合物经过三步缩合反应可得到三嗪基氨基二苯乙烯型荧光增白剂,本文用聚乙烯醇(PVA)代替其中一种氨基化合物,合成聚乙烯醇改性高分子荧光增白剂(PVA-FBs).实验显示,添加了PVA-FBs的洗涤剂增白性能以及耐光性均得到明显改善.确定了PVA-FBs在液体洗涤剂中的适宜用量.     

基于二苯乙烯荧光增白型返黄抑制剂的合成及应用

以4,4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-2,2'-二磺酸(简称DSD酸)为原料,用三聚氯氰为交联单体,将紫外线吸收剂2,4-二羟基-二苯甲酮与二苯乙烯型荧光增白剂引入同一分子中,再引入牛磺酸,经过亲核取代等设计出既含有荧光增白基团又具备紫外光吸收功能的双三嗪氨基二苯乙烯荧光增白型返黄抑制剂。采用红外光谱和核磁共振波谱、紫外光谱、荧光光谱分析方法对其结构及光学性质进行了初步研究,并通过紫外光加速老化实验考察了目标产物对化机浆纸张的返黄抑制效果。实验结果表明,合成的目标产物在涂布中的最佳用量为1.0%(质量分数,下同),经过72 h光老化处理后,合成的产物光抑制效果更好,更适合作光诱导返黄抑制剂,与单独使用荧光增白剂和紫外光吸收剂相比,老化后纸张的白度分别少下降了4.74% ISO和4.15% ISO。     

树枝状大分子PAMAM—FBs合成及其在洗涤剂中的应用

三聚氯氰与4,4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-2,2'-二磺酸和2种氨基化合物经过三步缩合反应可得到三嗪基氨基二苯乙烯型荧光增白剂,作者用聚酰胺-胺G1.0(PAMAM)代替其中一种氨基化合物,合成聚酰胺-胺改性高分子荧光增白剂(PAMAM-FBs).实验显示,添加PAMAM-FBs的洗涤剂,增白性能以及耐光性均得到明显改善.确定了PAMAM-Ftks在液体洗涤剂中的适宜用量.     

具有荧光增白作用的新型返黄抑制剂的合成及性能

以4,4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-2,2'-二磺酸(DSD酸)为原料,三聚氯氰为交联单体,将自由基捕获剂2,2',6,6'-四甲基哌啶胺(4-氨基哌啶)与二苯乙烯荧光增白剂引入同一分子中,经过亲核取代等设计出既含有荧光增白基团又具备自由基捕获功能的双三嗪氨基二苯乙烯荧光增白型的新型返黄抑制剂。采用红外和核磁光谱、紫外光谱、荧光光谱分析方法对其结构及其光学性质进行了初步研究,并通过紫外线加速老化实验考察了目标产物对化机浆纸张的返黄抑制效果。实验结果表明:合成的目标产物在涂布中的最佳浓度用量为0.8%,经过48 h光老化处理后,合成的产物光抑制效果更好,更适合作光诱导返黄抑制剂,与单独使用荧光增白剂和受阻胺类返黄抑制剂相比,老化后纸张的白度分别少下降了3.38%ISO和6.49%ISO。     

增白剂4,4'-双(2,4-二氯苯乙烯基)联苯的合成工艺及表征

以2,4-二氯苯甲醛、4,4'-二(氯甲基)联苯和亚磷酸三甲酯为原料,通过Arbuzow和Wittig-Horner反应合成了4,4'-双(2,4-二氯苯乙烯基)联苯荧光增白剂,两步合成的总收率93.1%以上,该物质具有很好的荧光增白效果,与CXT和CBS相比,白度有了很大的提高。     

增白剂4,4'-双(2,4-二氯苯乙烯基)联苯的合成工艺及表征

以2,4-二氯苯甲醛、4,4'-二(氯甲基)联苯和亚磷酸三甲酯为原料,通过Arbuzow和Wittig-Horner反应合成了4,4'-双(2,4-二氯苯乙烯基)联苯荧光增白剂,两步合成的总收率93.1%以上,该物质具有很好的荧光增白效果,与CXT和CBS相比,白度有了很大的提高。     

二苯乙烯苯型荧光增白剂的研究进展

介绍了向不同侧链引入单个基团或多个基团对二苯乙烯型荧光增白剂性质的影响以及这类产品的改性,指出二苯乙烯衍生物作为芳烃化合物在制备荧光增白剂等方面发挥着重要的作用,综述了荧光增白剂在纺织、塑料、造纸和化学传感器等领域中的应用。     

含磺酸钠基团的二苯乙烯联苯类荧光增白剂增白性能的研究

合成了3个含不同数目磺酸钠基团的二苯乙烯联苯类荧光增白剂,利用1H NMR和红外光谱确证了其结构。采用浸渍法对棉布和涤纶进行增白,得到了不同浓度的增白剂对棉布和涤纶的增白效果。研究结果表明,3个增白剂均对棉布和涤纶具有较高效率的增白效果,当增白剂浓度为0.05%o.w.f和0.4%o.w.f时,涤纶和棉布的白度最大可分别提升到180.592和151.733。随着增白剂所含-SO_3Na (磺酸钠基团)数目的增加,棉织物白度增加。然而,随着增白剂所含-SO_3Na (磺酸钠基团)数目的增加,涤纶织物的白度反而降低。该研究可为含-SO_3Na的二苯乙烯联苯类增白剂在棉布和涤纶中的应用提供思路,为更好地设计与合成性能优异的二苯乙烯类荧光增白剂提供指导。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。