战斗部破片对舰船毁伤效应研究

半穿甲反舰导弹战斗部可穿透水面舰船甲板后在其内部爆炸,依靠装药的爆炸冲击波和壳体的爆炸破片对目标造成致命性打击。分析了半穿甲反舰导弹战斗部爆炸破片对舰船目标的侵彻过程及毁伤机理;根据莫特公式、格尼方程、破片衰减公式和侵彻公式等,理论计算了七种典型的反舰导弹战斗部破片对水面舰船结构的穿甲效应,获得了战斗部破片质量、初速度、终点速度、打击动能和穿甲厚度等参数,对比分析了各类导弹的战斗部毁伤特性。     

防空反导战斗部毁伤增强型破片技术分析

分析了直接动能碰撞技术在防空反导中的不足,对目前采用的各种毁伤增强型破片技术进行了比较和分析,认为应当加强对新型破片杀伤技术的分析和研究,提高破片式战斗部的毁伤效能,以便更好地对防空导弹战斗部改进与提高。一方面可以满足防空导弹的多功能性,能同时对付反导和反空气动力学目标;另一方面具有相当高的经济性。     

防空反导活性破片前沿技术研究综述

活性破片不仅具有传统的动能杀伤,还具有爆炸或者燃烧的化学毁伤效应杀伤.主要从材料配方工艺研究、作用机理分析以及毁伤效应评估三个方面对活性破片进行了综述.由于活性破片相比惰性破片具有更大的毁伤效果,因此,活性破片是今后防空反导战斗部应用发展的趋势.     

高速动能破片和包覆活性材料对屏蔽装药的串联毁伤效应

高速动能破片和包覆活性材料破片串联战斗部兼具高速侵彻毁伤效应及化学能毁伤效应,为研究其对屏蔽装药的串联冲击毁伤行为,建立了高速动能破片和包覆活性材料撞击屏蔽装药的冲击动力学模型,结合活性材料激发理论以及屏蔽装药起爆判据计算分析了高速动能破片和包覆活性材料对屏蔽装药的冲击毁伤行为.基于2D-Autodyn平台对高速动能破片和包覆活性材料冲击屏蔽装药过程进行了数值模拟.对比验证了理论计算和数值模拟的一致性,结合理论分析和数值模拟结果讨论了影响屏蔽装药毁伤的主要因素、可能存在的毁伤模式和各毁伤模式之间的转变条件.结果表明:高速动能破片和包覆活性材料对屏蔽装药作用主要存在前段侵彻冲击引爆模式(Ⅰ)、主体段侵彻冲击引爆模式(Ⅱ)、活性材料未反应且侵彻未引爆模式(Ⅲ)、活性材料反应增强引爆模式(Ⅳ)及活性材料反应未引爆模式(Ⅴ)等五种毁伤模式;在材料和结构一定的情况下,撞击速度和屏蔽厚度是影响毁伤模式的主要因素;所建立的理论模型可较好地预测上述毁伤模式.     

破片对空间目标毁伤效应的数值仿真研究

在信息战争中,卫星等空间目标对战争胜负起着至关重要的作用,空间武器化是未来战争发展的趋势,研究动能破片对空间目标防护结构的毁伤能力具有现实意义.文中应用非线性动力学分析软件AUTODYN-2D的光滑质点流体动力学(SPH)方法对破片超高速碰撞多层靶板进行了研究,得到了破片的形状、质量、冲击速度和角度对破片毁伤能力的影响规律,为高效毁伤空间目标的破片设计提供了依据.     

聚焦战斗部与普通杀爆战斗部毁伤效能比较

针对高效毁伤空中目标需求,开展聚焦破片战斗部与普通战斗部对导弹目标毁伤效果比较研究。开发了破片式战斗部对空中目标毁伤评估仿真系统,对同样弹目交汇条件下,某导弹受聚焦战斗部与普通杀爆破片战斗部打击下所遭遇破片数及弹体毁伤情况进行了仿真计算;利用模拟实验,比较了聚焦战斗部与普通杀爆战斗部的破片-冲击波联合作用对目标的毁伤效果。聚焦破片式战斗部击中目标的破片数量明显增多,且能形成切割性毁伤;聚焦战斗部破片-冲击波联合作用毁伤效果要强得多。     

破片形状对复合靶抗侵彻性能影响的实验研究

采用系列弹道实验,研究了双层钢/铝爆炸复合靶在不同形状破片侵彻作用下的毁伤机理和抗侵彻性能。实验采用14.5 mm滑膛枪发射直径6 mm的钢质球形破片和边长4.2 mm的钢质立方体破片。基于实验结果,分析了不同形状破片侵彻下靶板的毁伤机理和破坏模式,讨论了破片形状、动能及靶板厚度分布等因素对复合靶抗侵彻性能的影响。结果表明:在球形破片和立方体破片的侵彻作用下,钢面板发生剪切冲塞破坏,铝背板发生延性扩孔破坏;复合靶板抗立方体破片侵彻性能优于抗球形破片侵彻性能;在球形破片的侵彻作用下,当靶板厚度一定时,复合靶板的抗侵彻性能随钢面板与铝背板厚度比的增大而提高,对于立方体破片则相反。     

基于质点弹道方程的破片外弹道特性分析

为了准确表征破片弹道,基于质点弹道方程和经典破片阻力公式建立了破片运动方程,对典型工况的钢破片和钨破片外弹道特性进行了计算分析。结果表明破片最大射程对应的射角约为21°; 随着破片初始射角的增大,破片落地动能先急剧减小,在约10°射角后又缓慢增加。采用抛物线和射线2种形式的计算方法分析了典型破片在不同初始射角条件下的落地动能和最大射程,该方法对破片最大杀伤半径、破片的毁伤效能评估、杀爆战斗部动静爆试验靶场布置位置的合理性和弹药储存安全距离的判断等方面具有一定参考价值。     

杀伤爆破战斗部起爆方式对地面目标杀伤威力的影响

为提高杀伤爆破（简称杀爆）战斗部对地面目标的毁伤威力,利用靶场静爆试验和数值模拟方法开展了序贯起爆网络下的定向战斗部威力研究。基于LS-DYNA有限元程序分析不同起爆方式下杀爆战斗部的破片飞散规律,编写C语言程序获得有效破片落地时的分布密度和能量分布,结合毁伤概率法计算战斗部在落角、落速、落高不同运动参数下的有效毁伤面积。研究结果表明：偏心两线和偏心三线序贯起爆在定向方向的速度增益为20.3%、19.8%,序贯起爆可有效改善破片的飞散角,提高破片的落地动能和密度,进一步提高战斗部毁伤面积;偏心两线序贯起爆时战斗部的毁伤效能最高,有效毁伤面积增益最高可达809.1%;该毁伤面积计算方法可较好地反映出破片密度和动能对毁伤效能的影响,为不同起爆方式下杀爆战斗部的毁伤评估提供参考。     

半预制破片PELE弹丸效能的数值分析

为研究壳体刻槽长度和深度对半预制破片PELE弹丸效能的影响,对5种不同刻槽长度和不同深度的PELE弹丸侵彻4340钢质靶板的过程进行数值分析。结果表明：半预制破片PELE弹丸比普通PELE弹丸的后效毁伤性能有显著提高;不同刻槽长度的半预制破片PELE弹丸,随刻槽长度的增加,形成破片的最大径向速度变化较小,破片数量减少,形成破片的大小、质量逐渐增加,动能增大,毁伤性能增强;随着刻槽深度的增加,形成破片的最大径向速度显著增加,破片数量增多,但破片的大小、质量逐渐减小,动能减小,毁伤性能降低。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.