Fe—Cr—C系及Fe—Cr-C—Ni系合金的磁性

研究了Fe-17．5TCr-0．5％C及Fe-17．5％Cr-0．5％C-Z％Ni(Z=1-2．4)合金的组织和磁性。在低于A3温度退火后Fe-17．5％Cr．0．5％C合金由铁磁性的α相和M23C6相组成，合金具有高的比磁导率，好的软磁性。另-方面，当合金固溶处理后，导致有低的比磁导率的顺磁性的叮相组成。合金的比磁导率随温度降低而增加，这是由于γ相转变成磁性的α′相。在Fe-17．5Cr-0．5C合金中添加Ni降低了转变温度Ms，使顺磁性的γ相稳定化。退火Fe-17．5％Cr-0．5C％-Z％Ni合金也会导致形成铁磁性α相和M23C6相，具有软磁性，但这种软磁性稍低于Fe-17．5Cr-0．5C合金，主要是因为Fe—17．5Cr-0．5C—ZNi合金的晶粒尺寸较小。业已发现Fe-17．5Cr-0．5C—ZNi合金的软磁性能很大程度上取决于合金的残余应力。对该合金进行适合退火后，其软磁性能优于商业用Fe-18％Cr-8％Ni合金。     

退火温度对Mo-47.5%Re合金丝组织和性能的影响

为了研究退火温度对Mo-47.5%(质量分数，下同)Re合金丝的组织结构和拉伸性能的影响，对拉拔态的Mo-47.5%Re合金丝进行了1 100～1 500℃不同温度的退火处理。通过对比分析退火态和拉拔态丝材的物相结构、显微组织和拉伸性能，得出以下结论：退火温度的升高使得拉拔态丝材中的丝状晶逐渐转变为粗短纤维结构，最终形成等轴晶组织，丝材的再结晶温度大约在1 300℃左右；退火处理有效改善了丝材的塑性，提高了其拉伸性能，特别是在1 100℃下进行退火处理的丝材表现出最佳的塑性，其断后伸长率达到了23.9%。     

退火温度对3.1 %Si无取向硅钢组织织构与磁性能的影响

研究了退火温度对3.1 %Si无取向硅钢组织和磁性能的影响规律。结果表明：退火温度从940 ℃提高至1 000 ℃,平均晶粒尺寸由98 μm增加到145 μm,铁损P1.5/50从2.576W/kg降低至2.408 W/kg。随着退火温度的升高,γ不利织构组分强度逐渐降低,{111}〈112〉织构组分强度降低约16 %,磁感B50逐渐升高,磁性能水平提高。     

退火温度对2.5 %Si硅钢组织及磁性能的影响

研究了退火温度对硅质量分数为2.5 %的硅钢组织和磁性能的影响规律。结果表明：当退火温度从850 ℃提高至1 050 ℃时，P1.5/50呈先下降后缓慢上升的趋势，且在950 ℃时达到最低，P1.0/400呈先下降后上升的趋势，在900 ℃时达到最低；随着退火温度的升高，有利织构组分强度逐渐降低，磁感B50呈单调递减趋势。     

退火温度对0.5 % Si无取向硅钢组织、织构及磁性能的影响#br#

在实验室条件下探索了0.5 % Si无取向硅钢冷轧后退火温度对其组织、织构演变及磁性能的影响。结果表明,当退火温度从675 ℃提高到725 ℃时,再结晶率逐渐增加,725 ℃时完全再结晶。随着退火温度从725 ℃升到850 ℃,平均晶粒尺寸从18.2 μm增加到40.2 μm。随着退火温度从675 ℃提高到850 ℃,P1.5/50从10.5 W/kg降低到4.6 W/kg。当退火温度从675 ℃提高到725 ℃时,由于再结晶率增加,磁感逐渐增加。当退火温度从725 ℃升到850 ℃时,不利的{111}取向晶粒面积分数由35.8 %增加至40.4 %,有利的{001}和Goss取向晶粒面积分数由14.8 %降低到12.8 %,从而使B50从1.76 T降低至到1.74 T。因此,需要选择合适的退火温度以获得较低的铁损与较高的磁感。     

退火温度对轧制态钨合金组织及性能的影响

本文对变形态95WNiFe合金进行了退火试验研究,退火温度分别为800℃、1000℃、1200℃和1450℃.通过对显微组织、抗拉强度和伸长率的分析测试,对比了不同退火温度对合金组织及性能的影响.结果表明:在1200℃时,钨颗粒开始出现再结晶现象,合金的抗拉强度由轧制态的1215 MPa降低到1050 MPa,伸长率由3％升高到8％;当温度达到1450℃时,显微组织形貌与烧结态相似,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率已经接近烧结态的水平;通过不同温度退火试验研究,确定了轧制态合金的最佳退火温度为800～1100℃.     

退火温度对Gr.12合金板材力学性能的影响

本文通过采用不同退火温度的6种热处理工艺,对比分析了退火温度对Gr.12合金板材室温强度和塑性的影响。试验结果表明:在试验条件范围内,板材抗拉强度和屈服强度呈先降低再升高的趋势,在680℃～720℃时处于强度最低值。伸长率变化规律与强度变化规律恰好相反,随退火温度升高呈先提高再降低的趋势,且在680℃～720℃达到最高值。在本次试验条件范围内,Gr.12合金板材最优的退火温度为760℃。     

热处理对电沉积Ni-Fe合金箔微观结构和磁性能的影响

对电沉积得到的Ni-Fe坡莫合金箔,在氢气气氛下进行退火处理,退火温度分别为850,1000和1150℃,保温时间均为5h.在扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光学显微镜下观察合金箔断面和表面的显微结构,利用XRD检测合金箔的晶体结构,利用软磁材料直流磁性测试仪装置测得合金箔的直流磁特性.实验结果表明:在850~1150℃温度下热处理时,退火温度越高,合金箔的直流磁性能越好;经过退火热处理后合金箔的晶粒明显长大,而且合金箔存在明显的择优取向.     

退火温度对无取向硅钢组织结构的影响

本文研究了退火温度对无取向硅钢晶粒大小、晶体织构的影响。随着退火温度的升高，平均晶粒尺寸增加。在低温段。随着退火温度的升高，对磁性能不利的织构组分减弱。在高温段，织构随退火温度变化正好与低温段相反。退火温度通过影响晶粒尺寸和晶体织构对磁性能有明显的影响。     

磁场退火对无取向硅钢磁性能的影响

为了研究退火温度、磁场强度、磁场方向及退火时间等对低牌号无取向硅钢磁性能和组织的影响,在正交试验的基础上,对无取向硅钢进行不同条件的退火处理,通过对磁性能数据的正交分析,优选出最佳的工艺参数。研究结果表明:退火温度和磁场强度是影响试验钢比饱和磁化强度的主要因素,磁场强度与退火时间对剩余磁化强度也有显著的影响。当加热温度在800℃、施加磁场强度为3 T时,调整施加磁场的方向与退火时间可以使无取向硅钢的比饱和磁化强度、比剩余磁化强度分别达到260.7 emu/g、18.265 emu/g。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.