多溴噻蒽系列化合物的热力学性质的密度泛函理论

298.15 K和1.013 ×10⁵ Pa时,用Gaussian 98程序,在B3LYP/6-31G^*水平上计算了75个多溴噻蒽系列化合物(PBTAs),得到各分子的热力学性质。设计等键反应,计算了PBTAs系列化合物的标准生成热和标准生成自由能。同时研究了这些参数与溴原子的取代位置及取代数目之间的关系;结果表明：热能校正值、定容热容、熵、标准生成热、标准生成自由能与溴原子的取代位置及取代数目之间有很强的相关性。根据标准生成自由能的相对大小;从理论上求得异构体的相对稳定性顺序。     

Synthesis and characterisation of polyamideimides from bis(4-trimellitimidophenyl)sulfone

Several polyamideimides have been synthesised by the interaction of a number of aromatic diamines with an imidedicarboxylic acid. Since these polymers incorporated a preformed imide group, they did not pose the common problems encountered in imidisation of polyamic acids. They were synthesised by low temperature (<5°C) polycondensation, in 75–92% yields and had viscosities in the range 0.18–0.39 dl/g. They were characterised by IR spectra, elemental analysis, X-ray and thermal methods, and possessed very high solubility in polar aprotic solvents.     

聚（反丁烯二酸丁二醇-CO-衣康酸丁二醇）酯的合成及性能研究

用不饱和脂肪族二元酸反丁烯二酸（FA）、衣康酸（IA）和1,4-丁二醇（BD）为原料,用熔融缩聚法合成了舍有c=c双键的聚（反丁烯二酸丁二醇-co-衣康酸丁二醇）酯（PFBI）,并采用红外光谱（FT—IR）、DSC、羟值、酸值及特性黏度测定对其进行结构和性能的表征,在37℃下,用含有脂肪酶的磷酸缓冲溶液对PFBI的生物降解性进行了研究,讨论了各组分对其性能的影响。     

煤加氢液化残渣制备中间相沥青的研究

对神华煤加氢液化残渣依次使用正庚烷、甲苯、吡啶进行萃取,分别得到正庚烷可溶物(HS)、正庚烷不溶-甲苯可溶物(HI-TS)以及甲苯不溶-吡啶可溶物(TI-PS)3种可溶组分。分别以HI-TS及TI-PS两种组分为原料,采用直接热缩聚法,制备了中间相沥青(MP)。通过偏光显微镜、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)等仪器分析手段对合成的中间相沥青进行了形貌及组成表征。实验结果表明:HI-TS组分在反应温度380℃,反应时间为6 h,TI-PS组分在反应温度380℃,反应时间4 h,均生成了光学组织结构好、中间相含量近100%的中间相沥青。     

邻苯二甲腈醚化酚醛树脂的制备与性能

以碱为催化剂,通过酚醛树脂与4-硝基邻苯二甲腈之间的亲核取代反应,制备了邻苯二甲腈醚化酚醛树脂(BPN)并采用红外光谱,GPC,流变仪,DSC及TGA对其性能进行了研究。结果表明,BPN树脂加工窗口约为65℃,最小粘度约为300 mPa.s,具有优良的加工性能。BPN固化温度为175～350℃,固化反应峰值温度为290℃,说明该树脂通过酚羟基对邻苯二甲腈基团的催化热聚合反应,实现了含氰基树脂的单组分、较低温度的加成固化。BPN树脂在温和的后固化条件下(250℃/6 h)即可获得优良的热稳定性,其5%失重温度约为420℃,氮气氛围900℃残炭率约为72%。     

氨基磺酸盐型水性醋酸纤维乳液的制备与性能

采用乙二胺基乙磺酸钠(AAS)作为亲水剂,在二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)的催化下,通过异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)将亲水基引入二醋酸纤维(CA)分子中,制得了一种氨基磺酸盐型水性醋酸纤维乳液(SWCA)。利用FTIR、DLS、黏度计、TEM、SEM、接触角测量仪、XRD、TGA,对SWCA结构及涂膜性能进行表征。考察了IPDI与AAS物质的量比对SWCA乳液粒径、黏度、涂膜表观形貌及耐水性的影响。结果表明:当n(IPDI)∶n(AAS)=1.1∶1时,乳液最稳定,微观形态呈水包油型(O/W)核壳结构,乳液粒径和分散系数(PDI)最小,分别为128nm和0.112,此时乳液表观黏度最大,为73.5m Pa·s,所成涂膜致密平整,接触角可达110.2°±2°,表现出明显的疏水性;此外,与二醋酸纤维相比,SWCA涂膜结晶性减弱,呈微晶态或次晶态结构,且具有较好的耐热性。     

聚乳酸立构复合物的合成与表征

采用直接熔融缩聚法制备不同分子量特征的聚乳酸预聚物,将分子量相近的PLLA和PDLA预聚物等量混合,经过熔融共混后再进行固相聚合,制备得到聚乳酸立构复合物.结果表明:sc-PLA与两种PLA预聚物相比,熔点提高50℃左右,通过固相聚合PLA的分子量也得到显著提高.该方法工艺简单,产物纯净,是改善聚乳酸耐热性的一种有效途径.     

HOMMT/MVQ纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用超支化技术对有机蒙脱土(OMMT)进行改性制备超支化有机蒙脱土(HOMMT),并制备HOMMT/甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(MVQ)纳米复合材料,对其性能进行研究。结果表明,HOMMT呈剥离纳米片层结构,与OMMT相比,HOMMT耐热性能提高;随着HOMMT用量的增大,HOMMT/MVQ复合材料拉伸强度减小;与MVQ硫化胶相比,当HOMMT用量为1份时,HOMMT/MVQ纳米复合材料拉伸强度提高了28%,拉断伸长率提高了67%,起始降解温度升高了25℃。     

淀粉基生物质树脂的制备与耐热性能

将生物质资源淀粉在硫酸作用下水解,进而替代甲醛与苯酚进行缩聚反应生成淀粉基树脂,然后以六次甲基四胺交联固化,在反应前后进行了IR、XRD与SEM表征,并研究了产物的耐热性能.IR、XRD与SEM表明淀粉完全参加反应,凝胶反应时间随反应温度的升高而减小,制备所得淀粉基树脂具有较好的耐热性能,两种淀粉基树脂分别在550.3...     

支化与交联型聚氨酯弹性体的合成与性能分析

为提高聚氨酯弹性体力学性能和耐热性,本文以聚己二酸二乙二醇酯二醇、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和 1,4-丁二醇为原料,以聚氧化丙烯三醇（PPG-3）或丙三醇为支化单体,并通过调控其添加量（1%、3%和5%,相对于PDGA-2000的摩尔分数）,采用本体预聚物法合成支化或交联型聚氨酯弹性体。与线型聚氨酯相比,支化聚氨酯具有较高机械强度和耐热性。添加3% PPG-3所制备支化聚氨酯的拉伸强度提高170%（33.9MPa）,撕裂强度提高36%（90.7MPa）,维卡软化点温度为95.1℃;然而,5%的丙三醇引发交联结构的形成,交联型聚氨酯的拉伸强度提高154%（31.8MPa）,撕裂强度提高26%（84.4MPa）,维卡软化点温度为150.6℃。此外,PPG-3和丙三醇发挥聚氨酯软段和硬段相容剂的作用,抑制微相分离,使聚氨酯弹性体的橡胶平台增大。动态流变行为测试结果表明,支化和交联型聚氨酯弹性体具有更高的弹性模量和复数黏度。     

Synthesis and characterization of novel heat resistance poly(amide‐imide)s from N,N′‐[2,5‐bis(4‐aminobenzylidene) cyclopentanone] bistrimellitimide acid and various aromatic diamines

A new‐type of dicarboxylic acid was synthesized from the reaction of 2,5‐bis(4‐aminobenzylidene)cyclopentanone with trimellitic anhydride in a solution of glacial acetic acid/pyridine (Py) at refluxing temperature. Six novel heat resistance poly(amide‐imide)s (PAIs) with good inherent viscosities were synthesized, from the direct polycondensation reaction of N,N′‐[2,5‐bis(4‐aminobenzylidene)cyclopentanone]bistrimellitimide acid with several aromatic diamines, by two different methods such as direct polycondensation in a medium consisting of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP)/triphenyl phosphite (TPP)/calcium chloride (CaCl₂)/pyridine (Py) and direct polycondensation in a p‐toluene sulfonyl chloride (tosyl chloride, TsCl)/pyridine (Py)/N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) system. All of the above polymers were fully characterized by ¹H NMR, FTIR, elemental analysis, inherent viscosity, solubility tests, UV‐vis spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and derivative of thermaogravimetric (DTG). The resulted poly(amide‐imide)s (PAIs) have showed admirable good inherent viscosities, thermal stability, and solubility. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

生物基共聚酯PBSeT制备与性能

采用单釜酯化缩聚法合成了聚癸二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBSeT),研究了对苯二甲酸和癸二酸配比对共聚酯PBSeT热性能和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明,共聚酯PBSeT的热性能和性能性能可以通过控制共聚单体的物质的量之比来调整.采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)表征了PBSeT的化学结构和组成,...     

水性锈转化涂料的制备及性能

采用苯丙乳液与改性苯丙乳液共混作为成膜物质,以单宁酸为转锈剂,柠檬酸为配位剂,焦性没食子酸为转锈促进剂,再加入成膜助剂、有机胺类缓蚀剂、渗透剂等,制备了一种可应用于带锈钢材的水性锈转化涂料。通过正交试验和单因素试验确定了涂料的最优配方为:成膜物质65%,转锈剂5%,转锈促进剂2%,缓蚀剂0.6%,渗透剂2%,配位剂0.5%,成膜助剂1.6%,蒸馏水余量。采用塔菲尔极化曲线测量、中性盐雾试验和盐水浸泡试验考察了漆膜的耐蚀性。结果表明,所制水性锈转化涂膜可耐盐雾96 h,耐盐水浸泡168 h,且耐酸性较强,在pH为2的3.5%NaCl溶液中有保护作用。与两款市售涂料相比,该自制水性锈转化涂料具有更好的耐蚀性。     

酚醛树脂改性聚氨酯/聚脲涂料的制备及其性能研究

通过二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI50)与聚醚多元醇(1000D)合成异氰酸酯基封端聚醚多元醇预聚体(A组分),再与含有聚醚多元醇、端氨基聚醚、酚醛树脂和扩链剂的R组分反应,制备酚醛树脂改性聚氨酯/聚脲涂料。对其凝胶时间、表干时间、硬度、柔韧性、附着力及耐强酸性、耐强碱性、热性能和阻尼性能进行了测试。结果表明:当R组分中酚醛树脂含量为50%左右时,其涂膜拉伸强度由8.9 MPa提升至13.2 MPa,耐强酸性和阻尼性能得到提升,玻璃化转变温度由12 ℃提升至106 ℃;通过动态热机械分析仪预测了在较高频率下产物仍具有较高储能模量及损耗因子的变化趋势。     

羟基硅油改性丙烯酸树脂水分散体的制备与性能

以羟基硅油(PDMS-OH)、甲基丙烯酸-2-羟丙酯(HPMA)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)合成了含硅丙烯酸酯预聚体(PDMS-g-HPMA),PDMS-g-HPMA与丙烯酸酯单体在丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯(PMA)中,以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,合成了含硅改性丙烯酸树脂。用N,N-二甲基乙醇胺中和含硅改性丙烯酸树脂,加水乳化后制备了含硅改性丙烯酸树脂水分散体。采用FTIR、XPS、TGA、AFM、SEM等对水分散体和漆膜进行结构表征,测试了水分散体粒径、储存稳定性和漆膜综合性能。当PDMS-g-HPMA含量为聚合单体总质量的4%时,树脂水分散体的粒径为208.57 nm,且分布均匀,储存稳定性好;漆膜表面致密、透明,硬度为H,附着力1级,对水接触角达到100.5°,有良好的耐水耐酸性;漆膜的拉伸强度达到15.6 MPa,断裂伸长率为356%;漆膜失重率10%时的热分解温度可达到302.4℃。漆膜的力学性能和热稳定性能均有所提升。     

乳酸与聚乙二醇熔融聚合及表征

以L-乳酸与聚乙二醇为原料,熔融共聚,再固相聚合得到聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物(PLEG)。用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、红外光谱(FTIR)、熔点测试、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、吸湿率测试等手段对其进行表征,发现相同条件下,聚乳酸-聚乙二醇共聚物吸湿率高于聚乳酸。     

Preparation of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) from U‐polymer via a copolymerization process

U‐Polymer, a kind of polyarylate, was synthesized by interfacial polycondensation method with terephthaloyl chloride (TPC), isophthaloyl chloride (IPC), and bisphenol A (BPA) as raw materials. The structure of the U‐Polymer was characterized by IR and ¹H–NMR spectra. Then, an amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (APET) was prepared with the introduction of the U‐Polymer to the PET sequence to improve thermal and mechanical behaviors of PET via the polymerization process. The structure and property of the APET were characterized by DSC and DMA. The results showed that the APET exhibits amorphism, transparency, higher glass‐transition temperature (T_g), and higher storage modulus than that of PET. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1653–1657, 2001     

Synthesis and properties of new aromatic polyimides based on 2,2′‐dibromo‐4,4′,5,5′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride

New polyimides with enhanced thermal stability and high solubility were synthesized in common organic solvents from a new dianhydride, 2,2′‐dibromo‐4,4′,5,5′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DBBTDA). DBBTDA was used as monomer to synthesize polyimides by using various aromatic diamines. The polymers were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. These polyimides had good inherent viscosities in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) and also high solubility and excellent thermo‐oxidative stability, with 5 % weight loss in the range 433 to 597 °C. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

全热换热膜的制备及性能研究

首先通过将溶解有LiCl的壳聚糖溶液与8%(质量分数,下同)的聚乙烯醇胶液进行混合得到涂料,涂覆到多孔的聚乙烯膜上制备换热膜,对壳聚糖溶液添加量进行研究,当壳聚糖溶液含量为80%时,所制备的换热膜透湿率高达2 600 g/(m²·24 h),且具有较好的耐水洗性能;其次将该换热膜经过裁切组装成换热芯,该换热芯在风量为100 m³/h时的送风净新风率高达95%,制热状态下的焓效高达77.8%,具有较好的节能效果;最后将换热芯的新风机里运行3个月后再次测试,与放入新风机运行前的数据进行对比,性能并未衰减。     

Preparation and characterization of cation exchangers from agricultural residues

Cation‐exchange systems were prepared by phosphorylation of some lignocellulosic materials, namely, rice straw, cotton stalks, and bagasse. The effect of the particle size of the lignocellulosic materials as well as their chemical constituents on the phosphorylation process was studied by the determination of the phosphorus content of the prepared ion‐exchange material. Phosphorus was determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Optimization of the phosphorylation reaction was achieved by studying the effect of the different experimental parameters, namely, the reaction time, temperature, and amount of phosphorus oxychloride added, on the phosphate content of the reaction product. The treatment of the lignocellulosic material with sodium hydroxide was found to improve its phosphorylation. The cation‐exchange efficiency of the produced phosphated material toward Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cr³⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺ was examined. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 792–800, 2002