A Knowledge-Based System for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Buildings

Abstract: A specific class of structures, masonary, is considered. For its analysis a great expertise is available. The 'state of health' of a single existing building is assissed by an expert system which incorporates this expertise. The paper illustrates a knowledge-based expert system for the seismic vulneraility assesment of masonry buildings.     

简析欧洲既有建筑抗震评估方法

根据CEN(欧洲标准化委员会)发布的《建筑抗震鉴定与修复指南》,简单介绍了欧洲既有建筑结构抗震评估方法的主要内容,包括基于性能的抗震鉴定目标、结构评估信息、认知水平的概念、量化分析方法等.并与我国新修订的《建筑抗震鉴定标准》( GB50023-2009)进行了对比,阐述了两者的异同点,供我国广大既有建筑抗震评估工作者参...     

Pseudo-Dynamic Testing for Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings with Seismic Isolation System Using Scrap Tire Rubber Pad Isolators

Investigation of seismic performance of buildings with STRP （scrap tire rubber pad） seismic isolators by means of pseudo-dynamic tests and numerical simulation is presented. The isolated building is numerically modeled, while the base isolation layer is considered as the experimental substructure in the pseudo-dynamic tests. The test result verifies that the STRP isolator shows acceptable shear deformation performance predicted by the design methods, and demonstrated that seismic isolation using STRP works as a protective measure to provide enhanced seismic performance of the building indicated by the reduction of top floor absolute acceleration, drift and base shear as designated.     

简述新西兰房屋抗震评估程序—初步评估

随着新建工程的推进,既存房屋数量增多,结构类型复杂化、房龄跨度加大。由于当时设计水准的限制,材料的老化、受到偶然作用等因素,房屋在后续使用过程中是否有安全隐患引起广泛的重视。如何评估既有结构的抗震性能,各国专家都投入了大量的研究。新西兰地震工程协会(New Zealand Earthquake Engineering Association,简称NZSEE)编制了《既有建筑抗震评估与抗震性能提高措施指南》[1](以下简称NZSEE指南),并提出既有建筑抗震性能的分级评估方案:初步评估法,详细评估法。文章在简述NZSEE指南背景后重点介绍了初步评估法,并与国内的既有房屋抗震鉴定程序对比,对我国既有建筑评估法,特别是大范围房屋的检测鉴定具有一定的参考价值和实际指导意义。     

对房屋抗震评估中采用的非线性静力分析方法的评估

基于设计的性能分析方法的一个关键部分是,对地震需求谱参数的准确采用。非线性静力方法(NSPs)现在广泛应用在工程实践上,主要用于预测房屋建筑的抗震能力。利用NSPs,地震需求谱可以从特定地点的危险性谱中直接计算出来,而非线性时程分析需要全部地面运动和针对地震记录可变性的相关性评估。除此之外,基于恒载模式(ATC-40和FEMA-356中所推荐的)NSP简化版本有条文说明其无法考虑由结构弹塑性而导致的更高模态效应以及模态变化。因此,研究者纷纷提出解决了以上缺点的改进Pushover法。通过对典型的钢结构和钢筋混凝土结构的突出反应特征与一套全面的NTH分析中得到的基准反应的比较,研究了多种非线性静力分析方法(NSPs)的有效性。更重要的是,考虑到多种地面运动特征,还采用了一组从普通的远断层记录到近断层地面运动的时间序列。这项分析研究的结果显示,较之该项研究中的其他非线性分析方法,适应性组合模型方法可以更为准确地预测如层间位移、塑性角等的极值。     

A Fire Safety Assessment System for Existing Buildings

In Hong Kong which is characterized by its tall, reinforced-concrete buildings with multiple owners, most of the high-rise buildings constructed before the mid-1970s are dilapidated. In order to address this problem, the Hong Kong Government intends to introduce mandatory safety assurance requirements with its so-called Building Safety Inspection Scheme, under which building owners would be required to appoint building professionals to assess the safety level of their buildings and to recommend appropriate corrective actions. In order to ensure uniform standards and easy administration, the Hong Kong Government intends to publish assessment guidelines. One of the major safety aspects the guidelines will addresses is fire safety, since, over the past few years, several large, tragic fires have occurred in the city's high-rises. This article proposes a fuzzy fire safety assessment approach based on fire risk ranking techniques that may form part of the safety evaluation tool for existing buildings. The basic principles of the system are briefly described, and its implementation is outlined.     

A Knowledge-Based System for Planning a Construction Operation

Knowledge-based systems can be developed as an educational tool for inexperienced construction managers and students. Microcomputer expert-system shell programs can allow knowledgebased systems to be developed and used on the construction site. Construction experts can provide knowledge which can define the best crew size, expected productivity, and the effects of production bottlenecks. This information can be incorporated in a knowledge-base and used as an aid in determining when production problems are occurring in the field. This information can also be used in the pre-construction period by providing managers and estimators with expert knowledge of expected productivity and required crew size. A prototype expert system was developed for the construction of precast concrete structures. The rules were obtained from construction experts with extensive experience in this type of construction. The system provided advice concerning the best crew size to use based upon the construction site characteristics. The system also provided advice concerning expected productivity and the effects of production problems on productivity. The prototype model was developed using the INSIGHT 2 microcomputer expert-system shell program.     

双重抗震结构体系在高层建筑中的应用

针对近年来几次大地震中,传统抗震结构体系在结构抗震性能控制方面存在的不足,提出了双重抗震结构体系的概念,讨论了其抗震性能控制目标和设计原则,并介绍了高层建筑结构中采用双重抗震结构体系的几个例子,指出双重抗震结构体系的优越性。     

关于绿色建筑评估体系中权重系统的研究

近年来,许多国家和地区纷纷建立了自己的绿色建筑评估体系,对于一个成功的体系来说,科学合理的权重系统是非常重要的.本文针对权重系统对现在比较成熟的评估体系,如BREEAM、LEED、GBTOOL和CASBEE,进行了比较分析,并对确定权重的AHP法和Delphi法进行了研究.     

住宅性能认定管理系统的暴统分析

为了开发基于INTERNET的住宅性能认定管理系统，按照国家标准，分析了住宅性能认定的工作流程，提出了便于开发实现的住宅性能评定系统的系统分析报告，为基于INTERNET的住宅性能评定系统的开发奠定了前期基础。     

住宅性能认定管理系统的系统分析

为了开发基于INTERNET的住宅性能认定管理系统,按照国家标准,分析了住宅性能认定的工作流程,提出了便于开发实现的住宅性能评定系统的系统分析报告,为基于INTERNET的住宅性能评定系统的开发奠定了前期基础.     

关于高层建筑的地震动输入

简单地叙述了目前高层建筑地震反应分析中常用的地震动输入方法,用相同的高层建筑和四种不同的场地组建成四个结构－场地一体化模型,通过对四种模型计算得到了场地地表反应、结构顶点水平运动、结构要部的等效输入相对射波的传递函数的幅值谱和结构单元内力的比较,论证了影响高层建筑等效输入地震动的主要因素,并说明了在结构地震反应分析中考虑结构－土相互作用的影响的必要性。     

基于UML的住宅性能认定系统的设计

统一建模语言(UML)是一种可视化的面向对象的建模语言,可用于对软件系统进行描述和构造软件的系统结构。本文对住宅性能认定进行了简单介绍,详细分析了UML技术开发B/S结构的住宅性能认定系统建模过程。     

老旧商业建筑火灾危险性评价系统研究

以老旧商业建筑的检测数据及相关资料调查为依据,采用模糊灰色综合评价法、层次分析法等最新信息处理技术构建老旧商业建筑火灾危险性评价模型。根据评价模型运用Visual Basic6.0编译老旧商业建筑火灾危险性评价系统软件。该系统软件可快速对某商业建筑室内火灾危险性进行评价并确定危险性等级,这不仅克服了利用评价模型进行人工手算时计算复杂、耗时久的弊端,还为老旧建筑进行防火改造提供一定理论依据。最后本文以一老旧商业建筑火灾危险性评价实例验证了该系统软件的可操作性。     

Analytical and Numerical Study of a Smart Sliding Base Isolation System for Seismic Protection of Buildings

The seismic response of a single–story steel building frame with a smart base isolation system is evaluated. The isolation system consists of sliding bearings combined with an adaptive fluid damper. The damping capacity of the fluid damper can be modulated in real time based on feedback from the earthquake ground motion and superstructure response. The adaptive capabilities of the fluid damper enable the isolation system displacement to be controlled while simultaneously limiting the interstory drift response of the superstructure. This paper concentrates on the development of analytical models of the smart isolation system and control algorithms for operation of the system. In general, the results from numerical simulations demonstrate that, for disparate earthquake ground motions, the smart isolation system is capable of simultaneously limiting both the response of the isolation system and the superstructure.     

高层建筑混合连肢墙体系的抗震性能

首先介绍了混合连肢墙体系的产生背景和特点,然后给出了该体系在整体结构和节点性能等方面的研究现状。在总结已有研究成果的基础上,指出了目前研究存在的不足和需要进一步解决的问题,并提出了一种新型钢梁柱焊接连接形式的混合连肢墙体系—含型钢边缘构件的混合连肢墙体系,具有构造简单、施工方便的特点。初步研究结果表明,该种新型连接形式滞回曲线饱满,强度和刚度退化缓慢,具有优良的抗震性能,是混合连肢墙体系值得研究的一个方面。最后给出了这种新型体系的研究内容和需要考虑的主要影响因素。     

A Knowledge-Based System for Construction-Site Organization

Abstract: This paper presents an example of a knowledge-based system application in the domain of building design, specifically for construction-site management. This type of system is a reasonable approach for providing a design aid to engineers. The object-oriented representation that is the base of the prototype GRAM_V2 was developed by the authors from an analysis of the specific needs for a building computer-aided design (CAD) system. This hybrid language integrates several functionalities such as multiple representation, delegation, and a set of graphic classes. The system architecture promotes adaptability, ease of use, and evolution of the system over time. GRAM_V2 utilizes AUTOCAD as a graphic interface and an object-oriented language developed in LISP. This paper emphasizes the formalism and explains the utility of the different functionalities of GRAM_V2 through this specific application.     

高层建筑雷击风险评估体系设计

针对雷击风险评估工作的现状,注重用户参与雷击风险评估的理念,本着科学实用、简单明确的原则,设计了高层建筑雷击风险评估体系,为建筑物的雷击风险管理提供科学依据,为高层建筑的防雷保护提供设计指南.     

建筑物地震损害鉴定的数值模拟方法

介绍了钢框架建筑的地震损伤鉴定方法,通过一个简单的有限元模型获得网络训练所需的数据。用该方法模拟了一个仿真的四层建筑,研究了方法的鲁棒性、对质量变化的敏感性以及数据误差的影响。结果的统计分析是成功的,但也显示预测对数据误差相当敏感。     

多层砖混住宅的抗震设计

本文给出了一般多层砖混住宅单位面积上的水平地震作用及每延米长砖墙的抗震承载能力。设计人员经过简单的查表计算就可得到结果。