Vitamin C and E Supplementation Effects in Professional Soccer Players Under Regular Training

Exercise training is known to induce an increase in free radical production potentially leading to enhanced muscle injury. Vitamins C and E are well known antioxidants that may prevent muscle cell damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of these supplemental antioxidant vitamins on markers of oxidative stress, muscle damage and performance of elite soccer players. Ten male young soccer players were divided into two groups. Supplementation group (n = 5) received vitamins C and E supplementation daily during the pre-competitive season (S group), while the placebo group (PL group, n = 5) received a pill containing maltodextrin. Both groups performed the same training load during the three-month pre-season training period. Erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase, catalase and plasma carbonyl derivatives did not show any significant variation among the experimental groups. Similarly, fitness level markers did not differ among the experimental groups. However, S group demonstrated lower lipid peroxidation and muscle damage levels (p < 0.05) compared to PL group at the final phase of pre-competitive season. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that vitamin C and E supplementation in soccer players may reduce lipid peroxidation and muscle damage during high intensity efforts, but did not enhance performance.     

Plasma Lipid Peroxidation and Vitamin E Supplementation during High Intakes of Fish-Oil Fatty Acids

High intakes of fish oil concentrates (15g/day MaxEPA) resulted in increased TBARS in plasma after 2 weeks irrespective of the vitamin E intake and plasma content. After 4 weeks TBARS values returned to normal despite continued MaxEPA supplementation and different vitamin E levels. Fish oil supplements resulted in increased whole-blood aggregation and higher plasma glucose concentrations which did not occur when extra vitamin E was given. No significant differences in plasma cholesterol levels were observed.     

Supplementation with Docosahexaenoic Acid and Vitamin E Improves Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice

The study aims to investigate the effect of combined supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA) and vitamin E (VE) on the oxidative stress and liver triglycerides (TG) accumulation induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. C57BL/6J mice are fed either a control diet or an HFD for 8 weeks. Animals are supplemented with DHA, VE, or DHA + VE, respectively. Supplementation with DHA alone shows significant improvement in oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis in mice. Supplementation with DHA significantly reduces the liver TG and total cholesterol contents, and the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, compared with the HFD. Supplementation with DHA also significantly decreases the mRNA expression level of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1C. However, supplementation with VE alone does not show improvement in oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis. DHA + VE supply obtains a superior effect in alleviation of hepatic steatosis than DHA supplementation alone in mice fed by HFD. The efficacy of DHA potentiated by VE can be due to that VE enhances the effect of DHA in decrease of ALT and AST levels and increase of antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione level in mice fed by HFD. Practical Applications: Supplementation with DHA significantly improves the oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis induced by HFD in mice. The efficacy of DHA in the alleviation of hepatic steatosis induced by HFD is potentiated by VE. These findings may provide a rational basis for the use of DHA and VE co-supplementation in patients with liver steatosis.     

Vitamin E and Diabetes

Vitamin E und Diabetes Life expectancy of the diabetic has not been reduced so much by acute complications of insulin deficiency but rather through the development of vasculopathies, diseases of large and small vessels. The reasons for this disease are not well understood. However, recent studies demonstrate that protein, lipid, and nucleic acids become damaged in diabetes oxidatively. Therefore, it will be discussed in the following whether an increased “oxidative stress” can explain the development of vascular complications in diabetes and which factors might be responsible for the augmented “oxidative stress” or the reduced capacity to compensate “oxidative stress”. In line with the hypothesis that “oxidative stress” plays a significant role for development of vasculopathies in diabetes preliminary data suggest that the development of vascular complications in diabetes might be retarted or prevented by antioxidative treatment (Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Glutathion).     

Supplementation with Commercial Mixtures of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Association with Vitamin E and the Process of Lipid Autoxidation in Rats

CLA has been studied for its beneficial effects on health. However, the possibility of adverse effects, such as increased oxidative stress, must also be considered. The present work aims to assess the effect of CLA supplementation on the process of lipid autoxidation, both in the presence and in absence of an antioxidant. The investigation consisted in a biological assay with 60 rats divided into six groups: C (control), CE (control + vitamin E), AE (AdvantEdgeCLA), AEE (AdvantEdgeCLA + Vitamin E), CO (CLA One) and COE (CLA One)+ vitamin E). The CLA amount was 2% of feed consumption. Animals were supplemented for 42 days. As indicators of lipid autoxidation, peroxide (IP), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-iso-PGF2(alpha) isoprostane and catalase were determined. Hepatic IP results indicated that CLA increased oxidation: values for CLA-supplemented groups, particularly group CO (84.38 +/- 10.97 mequiv/kg), were higher than those of the control group (54.75 +/- 9.70 mequiv/kg). In contrast, serum MDA results showed that CLA reduces oxidation both for group AE (1.8 +/- 0.67 mg of MDA/l) and for group CO (2.43 +/- 0.61 mg of MDA/l) as compared to the control group (3.85 +/- 0.24 mg of MDA/l). Serum catalase indicated a reduction of oxidation: groups AE and CO displayed 4734.23 +/- 1078.93 kU/l and 5916.06 +/- 2490.71 kU/l, respectively. These values are significantly lower than those of the control group. An increase in 8-iso-PGF2(alpha) in urine was observed, particularly in group AE (95.13 +/- 20.26 pg/ml) as compared to the control group (69.46 +/- 16.65 pg/ml). It was concluded that the influence of CLA on lipid autoxidation is dependent on supplement type, supplement dosage and chosen indicator, including its tissue and determination methodology.     

维生素E的稳定性研究

在氮气保护下,研究了不同温度下维生素E的稳定性,比较了维生素E在不同溶剂（甲醇、乙醇、正已烷和油酸甲酯）中的稳定性,并研究了Fe3＋、Ca2＋、N-等金属离子对维生素E稳定性的影响。研究表明维生素E在无水甲醇溶剂中相对更稳定;金属离子Na＋严重破坏维生素E稳定性。     

天然维生素E生产现状与应用前景

介绍了国内外天然VE的市场需求、应用、发展趋势以及以植物油、油渣、脱臭物为原料制备天然VE的工艺,并对我国天然VE工业发展提出了建议.     

维生素E醋酸酯在牙膏的应用

本文介绍了维生素E醋酸酯，论述了维生素E醋酸酯对口腔疾病的作用，并对维生素E醋酸酯在牙膏中的运用工艺技术开发提出见解，在增加牙膏功效及维生素E运用工艺技术等方面很有借鉴价值。     

天然维生素E的提取

对经酯化、脱甾醇处理后的油脂脱臭物采用简单蒸馏方法提取维生素E。结果表明维生素E的收率在87%以上,产品含量达51%以上。     

天然维生素E生产现状与应用前景

介绍了国内外天然VE的市场需求，应用、发展趋势以及以植物油、油渣、脱臭物为原料制备天然VE的工艺，并对我国天然VE工业发展提出了建议。     

Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation Accelerate Vascular Calcification in a Model of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

Arterial calcification is a common feature of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a disease characterized by ABCC6 mutations, inducing a deficiency in pyrophosphate, a key inhibitor of calcium phosphate crystallization in arteries. Methods: we analyzed whether long-term exposure of Abcc6^−/− mice (a murine model of PXE) to a mild vitamin D supplementation, with or without calcium, would impact the development of vascular calcification. Eight groups of mice (including Abcc6^−/− and wild-type) received vitamin D supplementation every 2 weeks, a calcium-enriched diet alone (calcium in drinking water), both vitamin D supplementation and calcium-enriched diet, or a standard diet (controls) for 6 months. Aorta and kidney artery calcification was assessed by 3D-micro-computed tomography, Optical PhotoThermal IR (OPTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Yasue staining. Results: at 6 months, although vitamin D and/or calcium did not significantly increase serum calcium levels, vitamin D and calcium supplementation significantly worsened aorta and renal artery calcification in Abcc6^−/− mice. Conclusions: vitamin D and/or calcium supplementation accelerate vascular calcification in a murine model of PXE. These results sound a warning regarding the use of these supplementations in PXE patients and, to a larger extent, patients with low systemic pyrophosphate levels.     

Vitamin E as a food additive

Vitamin E is a cheap, nontoxic food additive or dietary supplement. The vitamin is such a poor antioxidant that very little, if any, increase in stability is attained by its addition to any food product containing linoleic acid or other more highly unsaturated fatty acid. Increased ingestion of vitamin E results in decreased absorption. Since α-tocopherol is present in tissues largely in subcellular membranes, it is not surprising that incorporation and storage in such sites is severely restricted. On the basis of the kinetics of autoxidation in vitro, it does not seem reasonable to expect massive ingestion of vitamin E to significantly ameliorate slow deteriorative processes, such as those associated with the generalized phenomenon of aging.     

Beziehungen von Vitamin E zur Arteriosklerose

Relationship between Vitamin E and Arteriosclerosis Vitamin E deficiency in animals can lead to arteriosclerotic changes of blood vessels. Antioxidant vitamins A and E are, therefore, part of an important biological defense system. In this paper we describe effects of antioxidant vitamins on the synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI₂) by cultured human endothelial cells and on the mortality of middle-aged men due to ischemic heart diseases. In vitro studies on the induced prostacyclin (PGI₂) synthesis of cultured human endothelial cells from umbilical cord veins show an increased release of PGI₂ in the presence of vitamin E (all-rac-α-tocopherol) and trolox (rac-2-carboxy-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman). Cross-cultural epidemiological studies on different male populations (age 40 – 49 years, N = 12) throughout Europe show a statistically significant inverse correlation between the status of antioxidant vitamins A and E in plasma and the rate of mortality due to ischemic heart disease. In conclusion, the results of both the in vitro studies and the epidemiological surveys are consistent with the interpretation that antioxidant vitamins reduce damage induced by peroxidation of important biological structures, and hence limit the development of arteriosclerosis.     

维生素E的合成与分析研究现状

主要介绍了天然维生素E的制备提取,人工合成维生素的合成机理及工业上的合成现状。并对维生素E化学合成的进展进行了阐述。并对维生素E的分析检测进行了简单的论述,本文以市场的角度分析了我国天然维生素E存在的不足,并提出了将来合成工作与分析工作的重点,提高天然维生素E制剂的质量以进入欧美发达国家市场。     

维生素E及其衍生物合成进展

综述了维生素E及其衍生物的合成进展.     

天然维生素E的提取工艺与检测技术

简要介绍了维生素E的分布和生理作用,重点综述了天然维生素E提取工艺及维生素E的检测技术。     

A Proposed Molecular Mechanism of High-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Prevention and Treatment of Preeclampsia

A randomized prospective clinical study performed on a group of 74 pregnant women (43 presenting with severe preeclampsia) proved that urinary levels of 15-F_2t-isoprostane were significantly higher in preeclamptic patients relative to the control (3.05 vs. 2.00 ng/mg creatinine). Surprisingly enough, plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ in both study groups were below the clinical reference range with no significant difference between the groups. In vitro study performed on isolated placental mitochondria and placental cell line showed that suicidal self-oxidation of cytochrome P450scc may lead to structural disintegration of heme, potentially contributing to enhancement of oxidative stress phenomena in the course of preeclampsia. As placental cytochrome P450scc pleiotropic activity is implicated in the metabolism of free radical mediated arachidonic acid derivatives as well as multiple Vitamin D₃ hydroxylations and progesterone synthesis, we propose that Vitamin D₃ might act as a competitive inhibitor of placental cytochrome P450scc preventing the production of lipid peroxides or excess progesterone synthesis, both of which may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia. The proposed molecular mechanism is in accord with the preliminary clinical observations on the surprisingly high efficacy of high-dose Vitamin D₃ supplementation in prevention and treatment of preeclampsia.     

维生素C和E对Klebsiella pneumoniae合成1,3-丙二醇的调控

通过外源添加还原剂的方式调控细胞内NADH/NAD再生系统的状态,研究了40~150 mg/L VC及20~100 mg/L VE对Klebsiella penumoniae合成1,3-丙二醇的影响,发现外源添加150 mg/L VC或30 mg/L VE均可使1,3-PD合成浓度提高20%~30%;但同时也提高了某些副产物的合成浓度,对代谢流分布的调控作用不明显;1,3-丙二醇得率稍有提高但不显著. 提高1,3-PD得率宜从代谢节点(丙酮酸)通量调节方面考虑.