(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-羟甲基-7-羟基-2-氧杂双环[3.3.0]辛-3-酮的合成

(1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-羟甲基-7-羟基-2-氧杂双环[3.3.0]辛-3-酮(Ⅵ)是制备前列腺素的关键中间体。为了简化工艺条件,降低生产成本,以环戊二烯和二氯乙酰氯为原料,经环加成、还原和Baeyer-Villiger氧化3步反应制得2-氧杂双环[3.3.0]辛-6-烯-3-酮(Ⅳ),收率83.9%;经光学拆分后,与多聚甲醛经区域选择性Prins反应、粗产品不经分离,直接水解合成了Ⅵ,总收率22.0%。讨论了拆分剂、结晶溶剂对拆分Ⅳ的作用,确定了以R-(+)-苯乙胺为拆分剂,乙酸乙酯为结晶溶剂来拆分Ⅳ,拆分收率34.3%,[α]D20=-104.0°(c=1.0,MeOH),熔点:42~46℃。对Prins反应后水解产物的后处理工艺进行了优化,用氯仿重结晶代替柱分离来精制产品,收率76.5%,[α]D20=-45.0°(c=1.0,MeOH),熔点:117~119℃。目标产物用IR、MS、1HNMR进行了表征。     

Optimization of experimental conditions for the catalytic oxidation of furfural to furoic acid

Oxidation of furfural in a stream of oxygen in aqueous alkaline medium in the presence of a lead–platinum catalyst leads to the formation of furan 2-carboxylic acid. The influence of five factors was studied using a Doehlert matrix. The analysis of the areas of responses allowed the optimal operating conditions to be determined: platinum metal mass/furfural mass introduced × 100:1·7%; lead diacetate mass/platinum on carbon mass: 20%; initial furfural concentration 0·8 M; temperature 55°C. After 1 h of reaction, the whole of the furfural is then selectively transformed into furoic acid.     

(3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-羟基-4-(羟甲基)六氢-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮的合成

以环戊二烯和二氯乙酰氯为原料,经环加成和Baeyer-Villiger氧化制得3,3-二氯-3,3a,6,6a-四氢-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮(4),收率65.3%.然后经光学活性苯乙胺(PEA)拆分后,与多聚甲醛经Prins反应、粗产品不经分离,直接水解得(3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-3,3-二氯-5-羟基-4-(羟甲基)六氢-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮(6),收率26.4%.最后用锌粉还原得(3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-羟基-4-(羟甲基)六氢-2H-环戊并[b]呋喃-2-酮(2),收率96.4%.     

3-(4-氟苄基)-8-羟基-1,2,3,4-四氢苯并吡喃[3,4-c]吡啶-5-酮的合成

以间苯二酚和4-酮-3-甲酸甲酯吡啶盐酸盐为原料,通过两步反应,合成了标题化合物,并对其进行了表征。     

催化汽油氧化及萃取脱硫的反应条件研究

催化汽油氧气氧化及萃取脱硫的实验结果表明,随着催化剂用量增加、氧气分压增大、氧化温度提高、氧化时间延长,汽油脱硫率均持续增大,而汽油收率逐渐降低.对脱硫率和收率影响程度从大到小的顺序均为氧化温度＞催化剂用量＞氧气分压＞氧化时间.随着催化剂水溶液重复使用次数增加,汽油脱硫率呈现先降低然后趋于稳定,而汽油收牢先增人后趋于不变.催化汽油经过催化剂用量3.0 g、温度140℃、氧气分压2.0 MPa、时间40 min条件的氧化处理,接着进行水洗及萃取,脱硫率和收率分别为91.57%和67.66%.     

Optimisation of a fermentation process for butanol production by particle swarm optimisation (PSO)

BACKGROUND: The performance of three particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithms was assessed in relation to their capability to optimise an alternative fermentation process for the production of biobutanol. The process consists of three interconnected units: fermentor, cell retention system and vacuum flash vessel (responsible for the continuous recovery of butanol from the broth). The dynamic behaviour of the process was described by a non‐linear mathematical model. Four constrained optimisation problems were formulated concerning the operation and design of flash fermentation: (1) maximisation of butanol productivity; (2) maximisation of substrate conversion; (3) and (4) adjustment of operating conditions in the face of problems of fluctuations in the quality of the agricultural raw material and changes in the kinetics of the microorganisms. RESULTS: The design and operation of the flash fermentation process based on the optimisation of productivity, instead of substrate conversion, resulted in a smaller fermentor and provided satisfactory values of operating conditions able to overcome problems of variations in the glucose concentration in the raw material and changes in kinetics. CONCLUSIONS: The differences among the PSO algorithms, i.e. the velocity equation and parameters values, had significant effects on the optimisation, the best results being obtained with the original velocity equation with the inertia weight decreasing linearly with each iteration. The PSO algorithms obtained solutions that obeyed constraints, demonstrating that a constraint handling method originally developed for genetic algorithms can be applied successfully to PSO algorithms. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

(1S,4R)-4,7,7-三甲基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-1,4-二醇的一步催化合成及其除草活性

以过氧磷钼钨酸十六烷基吡啶盐（HPP）为氧化-酸双功能相转移催化剂,30%（质量分数）的H₂O₂为氧化剂,催化异松油烯一步转化合成（1S,4R）-4,7,7-三甲基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-1,4-二醇（2）。优化后的反应条件为异松油烯用量4 mmol,催化剂HPP的用量7.35%（以异松油烯质量计）,溶剂氯仿用量0.8 mL,反应物料比（H₂O₂与异松油烯物质的量比）值为3,35℃反应6 h,此条件下异松油烯的转化率高达100%,化合物2的产率达到29%。红外光谱、核磁共振谱及单晶X衍射表征结果表明成功合成了化合物2。初步的除草活性实验结果表明：化合物2能抑制黑麦草根和芽的生长,在120 mmol/L浓度下,对黑麦草根和芽生长的抑制率分别高达91.8%和80.7%,与已报道的1,8-桉树脑相比,化合物2对黑麦草的抑制作用更好。     

4-羟基-5(4′-氯苯基)双环[4,4,0]-1-氮杂癸烷的合成

以 4′ 氯哌醋甲酯为原料,研究了作为潜在的治疗可卡因滥用症的药物———4 羟基- 5- (4′- 氯苯基 )双环 [4,4, 0]- 1 氮杂癸烷的合成。4′- 氯哌醋甲酯首先用乙酸酐在室温下进行乙酰基化,然后在 -70℃下经二异丙基胺锂(LDA)作用关环得中间产物(±)- threo -2, 4 -二氧代- 5- (4′- 氯苯基)双环[4, 4, 0] -1 氮杂癸烷,产率 60%。中间体先用硼氢化钠在甲醇中室温下选择性地将酮羰基还原,粗产物经V(石油醚)∶V(乙酸乙酯) =1∶1重结晶后,在四氢呋喃中于回流温度下用乙硼烷 四氢呋喃络合物进一步还原酰胺基,得到(±) threo 4α 羟基- 5 -(4′- 氯苯基 )双环[4, 4, 0]- 1 氮杂癸烷,两步产率为 67%。所得α位羟基产物经过Swern氧化,然后在四氢呋喃中在 -78℃下用三(仲丁基)硼氢化钾选择性还原,立体专一性地得到 (±) threo- 4β 羟基- 5 (4′- 氯苯基 )双环 [4, 4, 0]- 1 氮杂癸烷,氧化 还原反应总产率为 70%。     

Prostaglandine und Prostaglandinvorstufen. VIII. Synthese von (1S, 5S)-5-Methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3,6-dion,einem wichtigen Zwischenprodukt für 8-Methyl-prostaglandin C2

Prostaglandins and Prostaglandin Intermediates. VIII. Synthesis of (1S, 5S)-5-Methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,6-dione, an Important Intermediate for 8-Methylprostaglandin C₂ The bicyclic lactone 5 is prepared by Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley-reduction of the chiral cyclopentyl acetic acid 3 . The stereoselectivity of this reaction is compared with that of complex metal hydride reductions.     

Enantiospecific synthesis of (3S,6R)-3-hydroxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane and its (4R)-4-hydroxy isomer [minor components of olive fruit fly (Dacus oleae) sex pheromone]

The synthesis of (3S,6R)-3-hydroxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane (8) and its (4R)-4-hydroxy isomer (11) from (3R,4S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane (1), obtained from D-fructose, has been accomplished by regioselective deoxygenation at C-4 and C-3, respectively, of the appropriately protected derivatives.Enantiospecific synthesis of spiroacetals. Part III. For Part II, see Izquierdo et al. (1991).     

催化氧化正丁硫醇的Co-O/Mg(Al)O催化剂

以NaOH、Na2CO3、Mg(NO3)2、A(lNO3)3和Co(NO3)2为原料,用共沉淀法合成的类水滑石为前体制备固体碱型Co-O/Mg(Al)O催化剂,将其用于常压下催化分子氧氧化正丁硫醇向二硫化物转化。对催化剂进行了XRD测定,讨论了镁铝摩尔比、焙烧温度与催化剂物相组成及其活性关系。考察了溶剂和反应温度对催化剂活性的影响,对氧化产物结构进行了IR、UV和MS表征。     

Asymmetric synthesis and receptor pharmacology of the group II mGlu receptor ligand (1S,2R,3R,5R,6S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid-HYDIA

The asymmetric synthesis and receptor pharmacology of (1S,2R,3R,5R,6S)-2-amino-3-Hydroxy-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic Acid (+)-9 (HYDIA) and a few of its O-alkylated derivatives are described. The key step of the synthesis utilizes Sharpless' asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD-beta) for the kinetic resolution of a bicyclic racemic precursor olefin. In contrast to the bicyclic glutamate analogue LY354740, which is a potent and selective agonist for the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), these new conformationally restricted and also hydroxylated or alkoxylated glutamate analogues are potent and selective antagonists for the group II mGluRs.     

聚二(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯)硫醚的合成

介绍了四步法合成聚二(2 甲基 4 羟基 5 叔丁基苯)硫醚:①以异丁烯和间甲酚为原料,以浓硫酸为催化剂合成3 甲基 6 叔丁基苯酚,并将剩余釜底液继续与间甲酚反应使3 甲基 6 叔丁基苯酚的收率接近100%;②硫磺与氯气反应合成二氯化硫,收率80%以上;③3 甲基 6 叔丁基苯酚与二氯化硫发生缩合反应生成二(2 甲基 4 羟基 5 叔丁基苯)硫醚,采用加入辅助溶剂法收率达到92%;④二(2 甲基 4 羟基 5 叔丁基苯)硫醚同氧气发生氧化偶联反应合成聚二(2 甲基 4 羟基 5 叔丁基苯)硫醚。氧化偶联反应的最佳条件:n〔二(2 甲基 4 羟基 5 叔丁基苯)硫醚〕/n(氧气)=2 5～3 0,n(氯化亚铜)∶n〔二(2 甲基 4 羟基 5 叔丁基苯)硫醚〕=1∶140,n(氯化亚铜)∶n(四甲基乙二胺)=1∶1 3的铜 胺络合物为催化剂,温度50℃,压力0 2MPa,反应时间2～3h,然后减压蒸出溶剂,最后得到淡黄色的聚二(2 甲基 4 羟基 5 叔丁基苯)硫醚,收率>99%。     

(-)-1R,2S,5R-8-(4-溴苯)薄荷醇的合成与表征

以R-( )-长叶薄荷酮为起始原料,经1,4-加成、还原、溴代、水解等4步反应合成了标题化合物,总产率77%。其结构用1HNMR、13CNMR和IR进行了表征。     

(1S,2S,5R)-1-苯基薄荷醇的合成

L-薄荷醇经Jones试剂氧化制得L-薄荷酮(1),将L-薄荷酮与苯基锂试剂反应制得产物(1S,2S,5R)-1-苯基薄荷醇(2),其结构经1HNMR,13CNMR,IR以及元素分析进行了表征。分析了影响反应的因素和分离纯化方法,研究结果表明,以投料比n(L-薄荷酮)∶n(苯基锂)∶n(无水乙醚)=0.08∶0.10∶0.76,在-40℃、氮气保护机械搅拌下反应8h,高收率(65%)合成了目标产物2。     

(S)-(-)-4-[反式-4’-(反式-4”-丙基环己基)-环己基]-1-(1-甲基庚氧基)-2,6-二氟苯的合成

报道了手性添加剂(S)-(-)-4-[反式-4’-(反式-4"-丙基环己基)-环己基]-1-(1-甲基庚氧基)-2,6-二氟苯的合成方法,通过格氏偶联、硫酸氢钾催化脱水、催化氢化、顺反异构化、超低温反应、双氧水氧化、M itsunobu成醚反应共7步反应合成了目标产物,总收率21%。经IR、MS、1H NMR鉴定,结构正确,并测定了其扭曲力。     

新型不对称吡喃Weng方酸菁染料的晶体结构

通过缓慢挥发溶剂法得到一种不对称吡喃Ｗｅｎｇ方酸菁染料的单晶,测定了其晶体结构。其晶系为三斜晶系,空间群为Ｐ１,ａ＝０．９２２８（４）,ｂ＝１．４１２２（６）,ｃ＝０．６１２４（３）ｎｍ,α＝９３．９７（４）,β＝９８．１４（５）,γ＝７１．０５（４）,Ｖ＝０．７４７０（６）ｎｍ＾３,Ｚ＝１。用晶体结构数据解释了此不对称染料的＾１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ谱。     

N-取代(4R,7S)-4-甲基-7-异丙基己内酰胺的合成研究

从薄荷酮出发经肟化反应,贝克曼重排反应,以及酰基化反应,合成了一系列标题化合物,其中N-乙酰基取代的产物的产率高达94.8％.通过1HNMR和13CNMR对各步产物进行了表征.     

合成8-氯-10，11-二氢-4-氮杂-5H-二苯并[a，d]-5-环庚酮研究进展

介绍了氯雷他定的重要中间体8-氯-10,11-二氢-4-氮杂-5H-二苯并[a,d]-5-环庚酮的基本性质和用途,叙述了以2-溴-3-甲基吡啶、2-[（叔丁基氨基）]-3-甲基吡啶、3-甲基吡啶甲酸和3-吡啶甲酸乙酯为原料出发的合成方法。     

（3R,4R）-4-乙酰基-3-[（1 R-叔丁基-二甲基-硅氧基）-乙基]-2-吖丁啶酮的合成

介绍了以D-乳酸甲酯为起始原料,通过六步反应,得到最终目标产品4-乙酰氧基氮杂环丁酮的新的合成路线。