Application of expert systems to prestressed concrete bridge design

The potential merits of the application of expert systems to prestressed concrete bridge design are discussed. After identifying the areas in the design process to which expert systems can best be applied, attention is focused on the building up of a knowledge base in the domain of conceptual bridge design. The problems involved in the elicitation, validation and representation of the required knowledge are described. A design model is proposed for the selection of different bridge types. Implementation of the model to manipulate design knowledge is illustrated.     

Building simulation as assistance in the conceptual design

In order to realize the “design by simulation” concept in the building design, the methodology of applying the building simulation in the building’s conceptual design stage is the main theme discussed in this paper. The conceptual design stage is divided into four sub-stages, and the framework of the design is built by way of the simulation in the conceptual design stage. Moreover, the energy saving potential assessment by the simulation in the preliminary conceptual design stage is also discussed in detail, including the input/output information, the calculation method and procedure, and the requirements and information from architects, etc. The natural ventilation design is used as the first trial in this study, and the difference between the detailed conceptual design and the preliminary conceptual design is also discussed, and the new simulation methodology is further described. The main objective of this paper is to help avoid an incorrect decision in the conceptual design stage, as well as to provide a better base for the energy efficient design in the next stage by means of the building simulation tool.     

Shared conceptual model for the building envelope design process

The lack of communication and co-ordination among designers during the building envelope design process results in sub-optimal solutions leading to inadequate performance. To reverse this trend and to achieve better performance of the building envelope, professionals must be provided with computer integrated design tools which facilitate communication between participants and improve the transfer of data throughout the design process. This article presents a shared conceptual model that would enable integration in the building envelope design process. The wealth of data is organized into major envelope entities which are then decomposed into cohesive sets of data called primitives to form the conceptual model. Such a conceptual model should facilitate data exchange between design tasks, improve communications among designers and support the growth of data as the design process unfolds. The resulting conceptual model is implemented as a shared central database in an object-oriented database management system to experiment with integration.     

概念设计阶段建筑能效计算机辅助评价及系统开发

概念设计是建筑设计最重要的环节之一,其中能效分析是建筑概念设计的重要内容。当前已有的能效分析方法或模拟工具都要求大量详细的参数输入,然而在建筑概念设计阶段,许多输入参数是没有确定的,目前国内大量采用的能耗模拟方法无法应用。针对建筑概念设计阶段,提出了一种能效分析方法,该方法可用于在策略性建筑设计阶段的建筑能效进行多方案对比。只需输入很少数据,就可以快速对不同的建筑方案进行能效分析,从而获得相应的最佳建筑设计建议,为我国快速工程设计与可持续发展之间提出了一种可行的解决方案。     

创建自由形体建筑的建筑信息模型

在建筑设计的早期阶段,建筑师常常选择可视化的三维设计软件来表达创意,这些软件具有简便的创建各种自由形体的功能。这时的模型通常在尺寸上是粗略的。得到创意之后,通过对模型在真实环境中的性能分析来确定更准确的局部定位,这些概念设计时的信息能够完整的传递从而进一步完成施工图设计,这些就体现了建筑信息模型(BIM)的核心价值。本文将通过三个部分来讨论如何利用Autodesk? Revit? Architecture 2010的Conceptual Design实现可视化模型,参数化调整到施工图转换的过程。第一部分参数化模型的设计和调整将探索形体的建立,如何在软件中实现实时可视以及定性定量的调整。第二部分有理化表面处理将探索对自由曲面分割生成网格,通过对网格的个性化定制获取三维构件组成的表面嵌板。第三部分将调整完成后的形体模型转化为建筑构件模型,从而完成施工图的设计。     

基于概念设计的建筑结构CAD方法

建筑结构计算机辅助设计是以概念设计为基础 ,运用计算机进行计算、分析和图形处理的过程。举例说明概念设计在实际工程中的应用 ,并简述了以微机及结构辅助设计软件为工具 ,建立计算模型计算及图形处理的几点经验。     

Integrating building information modelling with sustainability to design building projects at the conceptual stage

Lately the construction industry has become more interested in designing and constructing environmentally friendly buildings (e.g. sustainable buildings) that can provide both high performance and monetary savings. In general, sustainability integrates the following three related components: (1) environmental, (2) economic, (3) social well-being. Incorporating these components at the conceptual stage is achieved by using sustainable design, through which designers must identify associated materials and systems based on any selected certification (rating) system. The use of building information modelling (BIM) concepts helps engineers design digital models that allow owners to visualize the building before the physical implementation takes place. To apply BIM concepts, designers use tools to create 3D models of buildings where the design materials and systems are selected from the built-in database of these tools. Designers will not be able to quantify the environmental impacts of these materials to support the decisions needed to design sustainable buildings due to the following reasons: (1) a lack of information about the sustainable materials that are stored in the database, (2) a lack of interoperability between the design and analysis tools that enable full life cycle assessments (LCAs) of buildings. This paper presents a methodology that integrates BIM and LCA tools with a database for designing sustainable building projects. The methodology describes the development and implementation of a model that incorporates a database in which information about sustainable materials is stored and linked to a BIM (3D) module along with an LCA module and a certification and cost module. The goal of this model is to simplify the process of creating sustainable designs and to evaluate the environmental impacts (EI) of newly designed buildings at the conceptual stage of their life. An actual building project is presented in order to illustrate the usefulness and capabilities of the developed model.     

结构设计过程中概念设计的应用

阐述了建筑结构设计的概念及阶段,结合结构设计的常规过程,强调了概念设计尤其是抗震建筑的概念设计在结构设计过程中的重要地位,以保证建筑物具有可靠的抗震性能。     

数字孪生技术在建筑工程中的应用研究综述

为促进数字孪生技术在提升建筑工程建造水平中的应用,本文以文献统计分析、计量学分析、文献内容分析等为主要研究手段,对国内外数字孪生技术在建筑工程领域的学术研究论文进行梳理总结。结果表明,数字孪生技术在设计阶段的应用覆盖了规划设计、概念设计、初步设计、深化设计与模拟仿真等方面;在施工阶段主要集中于施工过程监管、质量、安全控制和人材机管理等方面;在运维阶段主要集中在设备设施管理、维修管理、运维监控、能耗监控和结构安全监测等领域。但当前现有多数工作仍然只停留在模型展示、数据可视化等数字孪生初级使用阶段。未来针对面向建筑工程的数字孪生信息模型、数字孪生平台以及数字孪生技术与建筑工程管理模式融合的研究将成为新的热点。     

BIM结构设计应用

建筑行业中的BIM(建筑信息模型),它是基于独特的信息数据库的协同工作平台, 是一种新的工作方法,是一种新的工程建设管理方式,BIM可以有效地提高建筑行业各阶段的工作效率。BIM将会因其巨大的潜力被广泛采用,并会导致建筑行业步入一个新时代—建筑信息时代。然而,在建筑设计和工程公司,BIM被一些问题阻碍了其应用进展：不知道如何正确去使用BIM使设计过程更加有效,采用BIM如何管理整个设计过程,更确切地说,没有一个清晰实用的BIM的设计流程和方法。本文通过使用BIM软件工具Revit开展真实的建筑结构设计过程,探讨了具体的基于BIM的设计流程。首先它从建立模型到结构分析,来显示整个设计过程。最后,本文总结了整个设计过程中存在的问题,获得一个可实施的基于BIM的结构设计方法,同时对在设计过程中遇到的问题进行讨论,并提出了一些可能的解决方法和建议。     

基于SketchUp环境下的光伏建筑辅助设计工具开发研究

基于建筑方案设计过程中光伏建筑一体化设计现状的不足,通过开发了一种基于Sketch Up环境下的光伏建筑辅助设计工具,该工具可以大大提高光伏一体化设计的效率和质量。结合典型的太阳能光伏一体化设计浅析,通过软件平台的功能介绍,简要阐述了解决目前光伏一体化设计在方案设计阶段遇到的主要问题,如设计分析和绘图时间长、多软件间模型转换过程中的信息不一致等。软件可以满足建筑师在方案设计阶段独立完成从设计到分析的全过程工作。     

A multi-objective feedback approach for evaluating sequential conceptual building design decisions

Conceptual design decision-making plays a critical role in determining life-cycle environmental impact and cost performance of buildings. Stakeholders often make these decisions without a quantitative understanding of how a particular decision will impact future choices or a project's ultimate performance. The proposed sequential decision support methodology provides stakeholders with quantitative information on the relative influence conceptual design stage decisions have on a project's life-cycle environmental impact and life-cycle cost. A case study is presented showing how the proposed methodology may be used by designers considering these performance criteria. Sensitivity analysis is performed on thousands of computationally generated building alternatives. Results are presented in the form of probabilistic distributions showing the degree to which each decision helps in achieving a given performance criterion. The method provides environmental impact and cost feedback throughout the sequential building design process, thereby guiding designers in creating low-carbon, low-cost buildings at the conceptual design phase.     

基于实用与效果的建筑结构设计优化方法应用

建筑结构优化设计是实现建筑整体结构最优的重要过程。在对人性化建筑以及采用概念设计方法对建筑结构实用程度及整体效果进行改进的方式进行探讨的基础上,提出了基于实用与效果的建筑结构设计优化方法的基本程序。     

阿尔山规划展览馆概念方案的节能思考

在阿尔山规划展览馆被动式建筑的设计过程中,探索了一系列节能方式和概念方案。主要围绕利于节能的建筑平面设计、减少冷风渗透的建筑门窗设计、太阳能光电板与建筑形体的结合等方面讨论。对减少建筑能耗的举措进行分析,并归纳和思考建筑概念设计阶段与节能策略有效结合的设计方式。     

Applying multi-objective genetic algorithms in green building design optimization

Since buildings have considerable impacts on the environment, it has become necessary to pay more attention to environmental performance in building design. However, it is a difficult task to find better design alternatives satisfying several conflicting criteria, especially, economical and environmental performance. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model that could assist designers in green building design. Variables in the model include those parameters that are usually determined at the conceptual design stage and that have critical influence on building performance. Life cycle analysis methodology is employed to evaluate design alternatives for both economical and environmental criteria. Life cycle environmental impacts are evaluated in terms of expanded cumulative exergy consumption, which is the sum of exergy consumption due to resource inputs and abatement exergy required to recover the negative impacts due to waste emissions. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is employed to find optimal solutions. A case study is presented and the effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated for identifying a number of Pareto optimal solutions for green building design.     

Integration of fire safety and building design

A new framework is presented to facilitate better incorporation of building fire safety performance options into the building design process. Based on the building design process and key design decisions undertaken at each phase, a knowledge set is developed to aid building designers to understand better the effects of design decisions on building fire performance. This also minimizes potential competing objectives in later design phases by sharing necessary concerns in advance. Drawing on the knowledge set, a conceptual building fire safety evaluation tool illustrates how primary building designers and fire safety engineers can quantitatively assess fire safety performance for different solutions. It is shown how building fire safety performance attributes can be arranged by building design phase, how various scenarios can be explored, and how appropriately balanced building design and fire safety design solutions can be identified at different phases of the building design process.     

A product modeling approach to building knowledge integration

Knowledge informatics is still playing only a minor role in the design process of buildings and civil engineering efforts, particularly in the inception stage. The primary reason that most knowledge tools are not well integrated into the process is that most tend to be based on stand alone expert system technology. Improving the re-use of existing knowledge is required to increase industry performance. A solution could be a new generation of integrated knowledge systems. One problem that must be addressed is how to cope with the conflicting requirements of each particular subsystem when each is optimized for its own knowledge domain. No optimum solution exists that is able to simultaneously optimize each subsystem for a total solution. This paper discusses an approach to building knowledge integration that attempts to address these shortcomings through the use of combined product model and meta-knowledge approach.     

Research on parametric design method for energy efficiency of green building in architectural scheme phase

Based on a large number of researches and engineering practices both domestic and overseas, it is shown that the building parameters to be determined during scheme phase can exert a great effect on the building energy consumption. In this paper, through a combination of the popular design method of building parameterization at present and the design goal of energy saving during the scheme phase, the author carries out researches on the design methods and tool development which are applicable to parameterization of building energy saving in this stage. In connection with the characteristics of both modeling process of parameterization and energy saving design, and by means of steady calculation as well as simulation, this paper establishes an simplified model to calculate the overall energy consumption of air-conditioning, heating, lighting and equipments, and ultimately gives suggestions on design of scheme for energy saving by optimization with the genetic algorithm (GA). On the basis of the model, a software platform is developed by computer language QT and openGL interface and is oriented to the design users and sets up the MMI (human–computer interaction) software interface for parameterization of building energy saving, which achieves automatic modeling of parameterization and promotes research on practical design cases.     

基于Affordance的建筑设计知识建模方法研究

在建筑设计中,设计人员通常需要考虑来自全生命周期的各种因素。由于这些因素通常是隐藏在最终详细设计结果(建筑设计图纸等)背后,这给建筑设计知识的重用带来了较大的困难。本文提出了基于设计方法学中的新概念—Affordance,来解决建筑设计中隐性设计知识的建模与应用问题。首先,本文将探索建筑设计中的Affordance概念,将目前主要用于概念设计的Affordance概念应用于建筑设计的详细设计阶段;接着,将提出基于形状-行为-Affordance(Form-Behavior-Affordance,FBA)信息模型,使得设计人员可以对设计结果的全生命周期内所需要考虑的各种隐性因素进行建模;然后,将借助于遗传编程(Genetic-Programming)技术对建筑设计知识进行建模;最后,通过某教学楼扩建案例来展示本文提出方法的可行性。     

面向并行工程的施工项目管理

并行工程技术在制造业中的成功应用以及施工企业存在建筑过程各阶段集成度不高,特别是信息集成度和项目管理水平不高的问题,使有可能、有必要将其引入建筑业。本文结合建筑业自身特点和并行思想,提出了基于并行团队的施工项目组织模式和基于PDM的并行工程集成框架,建立了适应施工企业的信息模型即基于项目分解和虚拟文件夹的项目信息模型。