热浸镀铝锌板镀层微观组织结构表征

目的 研究热浸镀铝锌板镀层微观组织结构.方法 利用扫描电镜、能谱和电子探针分析铝锌板表面与镀层的组织形貌与成分;利用X射线衍射与电子背散射衍射技术分析铝锌板镀层的物相组成与相结构.结果 铝锌板表面为典型的锌花形貌,锌花内部呈现出有条理的枝晶状结构.铝锌板镀层沿厚度方向分为内外两层:外层为合金层,其成分主要为Al、Zn和Si,该层主要是由富Al相、富Zn相以及少量条状高Si相构成;与钢基体接触的内层为过渡层或金属间化合物层,该层的厚度仅约为1μm,其成分为Fe、Al和Si,该层由弥散致密的细颗粒与少量分散的粗颗粒构成.此外还发现,有少量条状或颗粒状的高Si相分布在过渡层与合金层之间.结论 铝锌板镀层中合金层的富Al相、富Zn相以及条状高Si相的相结构分别为Al的面心立方结构、Zn的密排六方结构和Si的面心立方结构,高Si相的分布特性可以有效地控制镀层的厚度.过渡层的相结构更倾向于单斜结构的Al13Fe4,该层在形成过程中,部分细颗粒相长大并发生粗化,从而形成粗颗粒相穿插于过渡层与合金层之间,进一步加强了过渡层与合金层的连接,进而间接地对镀层粘附性能和延伸性能的提高起到了关键性的作用.     

热浸镀工艺对低碳钢铝锌硅镀层表面形貌及组织的影响

利用CAG-III热浸镀锌模拟试验机对低碳钢DX51D基板进行一组不同浸镀温度及时间下的热浸镀铝锌硅试验。通过显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪等对试样表面形貌及组织进行分析。结果表明:该Al-Zn-Si镀层表面形貌为典型六边形树枝状,枝干为富Al的固溶体相,填充于枝间的为富Zn固溶体相,Si元素则弥散分布在整个镀层表面上。浸镀温度为580℃、浸镀时间为10 s时,镀层表面质量最佳,镀层截面厚度较为均匀,为50μm左右。Al-Zn-Si镀层外层为Al-Zn合金凝固形成的结晶层,其中连续灰色相为富铝相,富铝相中分散分布的白色块状相为富锌相,内层为由Al、Zn、Fe、Si元素组成的四元合金相。     

硅对45钢热浸镀铝层真空扩散处理显微组织的影响

利用扫描电镜和能谱分析手段研究了铝池中的硅对热浸镀铝层在真空高温扩散处理过程中的显微组织演变的影响。确定了扩散层的组成相,研究了镀层的生长动力学,讨论了扩散层空洞带的形成机理。研究表明,铝池中的硅能减少热浸镀铝层的厚度。在同样的扩散条件下硅的添加抑制了Fe2Al5的生长,促进了FeAl和富铝α-Fe层的生长。扩散处理时从含硅的Fe2Al5中容易析出τ1-（Al,Si）5Fe3相或FeAl相。硅的加入使得FeAl层和富铝α-Fe层间的空洞或晶间裂纹易于早期出现,但随着扩散时间的延长,又逐渐减小或消失。空洞的形成与消失与硅在FeAl层中的富聚有关。由于Fe2Al5相与其中析出的τ1-（Al,Si）5Fe3相发生包共晶反应,即：τ1＋Fe2Al5L＋FeAl,形成了不连续的外侧FeAl层。     

扩散退火对球墨铸铁热浸镀铝组织的影响

为了研究扩散退火对铸铁热浸镀铝工艺的影响,以球墨铸铁为基体进行热浸镀铝,对浸镀层截面进行了形貌观察(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和衍射分析(XRD),分析了扩散退火对镀层组织的影响.结果表明:浸镀层由表面富铝层及扩散层构成,富铝层包含降温形成的针状FeAl3相,扩散层由FeAl3、Fe2Al5相组成,形状如舌状指向基体.850℃扩散退火,随扩散时间的延长镀层组织结构明显变化.试验结果表明:耐热用热浸镀铝件在使用前进行扩散退火处理是可行的.     

冲蚀速度对Q235钢表面热浸镀铝锰层的冲蚀磨损性能的影响

针对新疆沙漠戈壁盐渍土壤、酸雨及高矿化度盐碱水质对钢铁材料腐蚀性强的特点,采用热浸镀铝锰合金层工艺对Q235钢表面进行改性,在Q235钢表面获得Al-Mn合金镀层.采用扫描电镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射对镀层的组织结构、成分形貌进行了分析,并对改性层的冲蚀磨损性能进行研究,获得了镀层在不同速度下的冲蚀磨损量.结果表明:纯铝镀层表面呈枝晶状,铝锰合金镀层出现了块状的铝锰化合物相,铝锰合金镀层是由Al、FeAl3、Fe2Al5和MnAl6相组成.在不同的冲蚀速度下,铝锰合金镀层的质量损失均小于纯铝合金镀层的质量损失,因此这种热浸镀铝锰合金镀层具有优良的耐冲蚀磨损性能.     

热浸镀Al-Si-Y对S304不锈钢高温性能的影响

通过热浸镀铝方法,对S304奥氏体不锈钢在熔融Al-Si-Y中进行处理。采用SEM,XRD,高温氧化试验及摩擦磨损试验对热浸镀涂层的组织结构及高温性能进行研究。结果表明,热浸镀涂层由富铝层及化合物层组成,富铝层中分布有富Y的Al-Fe-Si-Ni和Al-Si-Fe析出相,化合物由外到内由主要物相为(Fe,Cr)2SiAl7,含Si的(Fe,Cr)Al3以及含Si的(Fe,Cr)Al2的3个亚层组成。高温氧化和磨损试验表明,热浸镀铝后S304不锈钢与原始S304样品相比,抗氧化性能有所改进,耐高温磨损性能明显提高。     

H13热作模具钢微弧氧化复合陶瓷层的组织和性能

通过热浸镀铝/微弧氧化复合工艺对H13模具钢进行表面改性以提高模具表面质量。在热浸镀铝过程中,将H13钢基体浸入710℃纯铝液6 min,得到了以Fe2Al5为主中间合金层,使得镀层与基体紧密结合。经过微弧氧化处理后,镀铝试样表面铝层转化为氧化铝陶瓷,主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成。用带有能谱分析装置(EDX)的扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析了膜层的形貌、成分和相组成。微弧氧化陶瓷层主要由Al、O、Si元素组成,其中O、Si主要来源于硅酸盐电解液。     

RE对园林钢护栏镀层组织与性能的影响

通过在园林钢护栏表面镀铝液中添加La、Ce混合稀土的方法,研究了RE含量对镀层截面形貌、厚度、表面形貌、物相组成和耐腐蚀性能的影响,并分析了RE对镀层结构与性能的影响机理。结果表明,相对于未添加RE的钢护栏镀层,富Al层的厚度有所降低,而合金层和镀层的厚度都明显上升。加入RE后,合金镀层中的白色针状相都有不同程度的细化,且都要比未添加RE的镀层要细小。外层富Al层的物相为Al和Fe Al3,内层合金层物相为Fe2Al5相,RE的加入并未对钢护栏表面镀层的物相组成产生影响。     

Al-Si镀层热冲压钢的研究现状

热冲压成形解决了钢材强度与成形性之间的矛盾,目前抗拉强度超过1 500 MPa的汽车零件只能通过热冲压工艺生产。为避免钢板在热冲压加热过程中的氧化与脱碳,通常在钢板表面涂镀一层Al-Si合金。结合Al-Si镀层热冲压钢的研究现状,综述了热冲压过程中Al-Si镀层微观组织演变及其对热冲压钢弯曲韧性的影响机理。奥氏体化加热过程中,Al-Si镀层与钢基体发生Fe、Al、Si元素相互扩散,镀层组织转变为由Fe-Al或Fe-Al-Si金属间化合物组成的多层结构,部分基体组织转变为富Al的α-Fe相互扩散层。Al-Si镀层通常会降低热冲压钢的弯曲韧性,目前学术界对Al-Si镀层降低热冲压钢弯曲韧性的原因尚未形成统一的认识,主要解释有：(1)镀层中裂纹尖端产生的应力集中促进了裂纹在基体的扩展;(2)奥氏体化过程中镀层与基体界面迁移导致的界面C富集使界面处容易产生裂纹。Al-Si镀层对热冲压钢弯曲韧性的影响机理以及提高Al-Si镀层热冲压钢弯曲韧性的方法尚需进一步研究。     

氩弧重熔对球墨铸铁热浸镀铝层组织和性能的影响

将球墨铸铁在780℃热浸镀铝后进行氩弧重熔处理,利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对热浸镀铝层和氩弧重熔层组织进行观察,测定了氩弧重熔前后试件截面的显微硬度。结果表明:球墨铸铁热浸镀铝后,镀层由富铝层及扩散层构成,富铝层包含降温形成的针状FeAl3相,扩散层由FeAl3、Fe2Al5相组成,扩散层形状呈柱状延伸到基体中。热浸镀铝层经氩弧重熔处理后,试件由重熔层和过渡层及基体构成。重熔层由Al、Fe、C和FeAl3相组成,过渡层组织为马氏体+残留奥氏体+少量球状石墨。氩弧重熔处理能明显提高热浸镀铝层的显微硬度。重熔层硬度值可达900 HV,在过渡层硬度下降缓慢,直至基体。     

Si对高熵合金涂层组织和高温抗氧化性能的影响

研究了Si含量对窄带/宽带激光熔覆NiCoFeCrSi_xAlCuTiMoB_0.4(x=1.0, 0.5)高熵合金涂层组织、相结构及高温抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:窄带涂层组织为树枝晶,主要相结构为BCC固溶体。宽带涂层为较粗大的树枝晶,相结构由BCC固溶体和存在于枝晶间的B(Fe, Si)₃、Cr₂B少量第二相组成,且Si元素的减少使得涂层中的B(Fe, Si)₃第二相含量减少。宽带涂层经800 ℃氧化50 h后氧化产物截面主要由富Cr的外氧化层和富Al的内氧化层组成,Si元素含量的增加提高了涂层的抗高温氧化性能,特别是显著降低了内氧化层厚度。     

Microstructure Evolution of Hot-Dip Al-10% Si Coating During the Austenitization of 22MnB5 Hot Stamping SteelEI北大核心CSCD

Hot stamping is an alternative technology to produce ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) with a tensile strength above 1 GPa for automotive bodies. At present, the hot-dip Al-10% Si (mass fraction) coating is used as a shield coating for the hot stamping steels, which protects the steels from surface oxidation and decarburization, and enhances their corrosion resistance. However, the microstructure evolution and compounds of hot-dip Al-10% Si coating during austenitization of 22MnB5 hot stamping steel are not clear yet. In this work, the thermo-mechanically induced microstructure evolution of hot-dip Al-10% Si coating is observed using SEM after austenitization of 22MnB5 hot stamping steel at 900 degrees C for different times, and the elemental depth profiles are analyzed in hot-dip Al-10% Si coating by EDS and GD-OES. The results show that before austenitization, the hot-dip Al-10% Si coating consisted of an aluminum matrix, pure silicon, and the intermetallic compound Fe2SiAl7, which was formed by eutectic reaction, there was a thin layer, which was composed of Fe2Al5 and FeAl3 between the intermetallic compound Fe2SiAl7 and the steel substrate. When 22MnB5 hot stamping steel was austenitized at 900 degrees C, the ternary eutectic phase Al+ Si+ tau(6) was transformed into an Al-Fe-Si ternary intermetallic compound or Fe-Al binary intermetallic compound gradually in the hot-dip Al-10% Si coating. When the austenitizing time was 2 min, the Al-10% Si coating was composed of the intermetallic compound Fe2SiAl7, Fe2Al5 and FeAl2 phases; when the austenitizing time was 5 min, the Al-10% Si coating was composed of FeAl2, Fe2SiAl2 and Fe5SiAl4 phases; when the austenitizing time was 8 min, the Al-10% Si coating was composed of FeAl2 and Fe5SiAl4 phases. Because the diffusion rate of Al atoms was much larger than that of Fe atoms in the diffusion layer of intermetallic compound Fe2SiAl2 and coating/steel substrate, the amount of Al atoms which diffused and reacted from the coating to the grain boundaries or grain of steel substrate was much larger than that of the Fe atoms which diffused from the steel substrate to the Al10% Si coating, also the number of vacancies which diffused from the steel substrate to the Al-10% Si coating was much larger than the other way round. Due to this imbalance, the Kirkendall void was formed in the interface between the diffusion reaction layer and the Al-10% Si the coating. The hot-dip Al-10% Si coating can be used as the protective layer, since it has a stable Al2O3 film formed on its surface, and its thermal oxidation was very limited, during the 22MnB5 hot stamping steel austenitizing. But the protective performances of Al-10% Si coating could be poor, because the high temperature ductility of brittle intermetallic compound was low, which induced a lot of micro cracks that were perpendicular to the interface of coating/steel substrate, and penetrated the whole coating during the diffusion process of hot-dip Al-10% Si coating.     

ANALYSIS OF HOT IMPREGNATED Al-Si COATINGS

The microstructure and chemical composition of the hot impregnated Al-Si coating on 08Alsteel sheet were analysed by SEM,EPMA and X-ray diffraction.The coating consists ofthree parts:the outer is an α-Al solid solution enriched Si and γ-(Fe,Al,Si)phases;the in-termediate FeAl_3 and Fe_2Al_5 phases mainly and the inner neighbouring the substrate mainlyFe_2Al_5 phase.     

不同镀层重量的铝硅镀层加热时的镀层结构转变规律

采用扫描电镜和能谱分析仪研究了不同镀层重量的铝硅镀层热成形钢经不同温度和时间加热后的镀层结构转变规律。结果表明,不同重量的铝硅镀层在完全合金化后的镀层结构相同,由基体至表面依次为扩散层、Fe-Al层、Fe-Al-Si层和Fe-Al表面层;随着加热的进行,Fe-Al-Si层和扩散层逐渐增厚,Fe-Al-Si层中Si含量逐渐降低,厚镀层AS150未出现镀层层数减少的现象,薄镀层AS40、AS80出现镀层层数减少的情况。综合考虑铝硅镀层热成形钢加热后的镀层结构、性能变化和产品使用要求,对于1.4 mm厚22MnB5钢基板,薄镀层AS40、AS80的优选热处理工艺为900~930 ℃×3~6 min,厚镀层AS150的优选热处理工艺为900~930 ℃×4~6 min。     

激光合成FeAl金属间化合物涂层

用优化的工艺参数,在45钢基体上用激光合成了表面质量好的FeAl金属间化合物涂层.结果表明,多道搭接处理对涂层相组成无影响. 涂层外层 （约1/3涂层）组织为灰白相间的FeAl及基体上分布少量黑色针状FeAl3,里层只有FeAl.FeAl的组织生长形态为树枝晶,白色枝晶富Fe,灰色枝间富Al.涂层/基体界面清晰,呈凹凸状.能量分散谱仪（EDS）成分线扫描分析结果表明,从1/3涂层处Al、Fe开始缓慢过渡,结合区比合成区成分过渡明显,但梯度不大,涂层/基体间有明显互扩散,为冶金结合. 激光合成FeAl涂层的最高硬度为565 HV0.025,比基体高1.7倍.     

High Temperature Oxidation and Wear Resistance of Y-modified Hot Dipping Aluminized Coating on SCH12 Steel

Microstructures,high-temperature oxidation and wear resistance of hot dipping Al-Si-Y coating on SCH12 heat resistant cast steel were investigated in this study.The aluminized coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDX)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results showed that the coating was composed of the Al-rich outer layer and the intermetallics inner layer.In the Al-rich layer,some Y-rich precipitates and Fe-Al-Si-Cr precipitates could be observed.The intermetallics layer presented three layers induced by the increase of Fe,Cr,Ni content and the corresponding decrease of Al,Si content.The oxidation tests were conducted in still air at 850℃for up to 100 h.After oxidation,a top oxide scale composed of mainlyα-Al2O3,Al5Y3O12 was formed on the steel surface.The intermetallics beneath the oxide scale consisted of mainly FeAl and small amount of Fe2Al5 and Cr3Si phase.The mass gain of the coated and uncoated SCH1steel is 0.45 mg/cm 2 and 0.57 mg/cm 2,respectively.The wear resistance was investigated using a high-temperature pin-on-disc tribometer at 650℃.The wear rate for the coated and uncoated steel is 0.45μm 3 /μm.N and 3.01μm 3 /μm.N,respectively.The high temperature wear tests and oxidation tests results demonstrated that the yttrium-modified aluminized specimen had significantly improved high-temperature wear resistance and equivalent oxidation resistance compared with the original SCH12 specimen.     

包埋渗结合激光熔覆制备复合涂层的高温抗氧化性

为了提高铌合金的抗氧化性能,采用铝硅共渗的方法在铌合金表面制备Al-Si涂层,结合激光熔覆技术于渗层上熔覆MOSi2涂层。探讨了Al-Si渗层的生长机制,研究了铌合金表面Al-Si渗层及MoSi2/Al-Si涂层的抗高温氧化性能。结果表明:Al-Si渗层的形成过程是源于Al、Si元素的先后沉积,优先形成了Al3Nb相。渗层厚度x与保温时间f遵循关系式:x=At1/2+7.4(1000℃:A=11.6,1050℃:A=16.2)。激光熔覆制备的MoSi2/Al-Si涂层均匀连续致密,与基体结合紧密,无裂纹孔洞等缺陷。主要相结构为MoSi2、Al3Nb、NbSi2、Nb5Si3和Mo(Si,Al)2。经1200℃氧化后,Al-Si渗层及MoSi2/Al-Si涂层都形成大量的SiO2保护膜,阻止了氧原子的进一步扩散。与Al-Si渗层相比,MoSi2层表面形成的连续致密混合氧化物有效避免了Al-Si渗层的快速消耗,MoSi2/Al-Si涂层的高温氧化优于Al-Si渗层。     

Evolution Behavior of γ-Al_(3.5)FeSi in Mg Melt and a Separation Method of Fe from Al–Si–Fe Alloys

The recycling of high Fe-content Al–Si alloys is a green industry. Eliminating the harmful effect of Fe,achieving the separation of Al and Fe is one of the key problems. Different from traditional methods for iron removal, a novel method using magnesium melt to separate Al and Fe is proposed. By introducing Al–14 Si–5 Fe alloy into Mg melt, it was found that the γ-Al_(3.5)FeSi phase evolves to Al_3SiFe_(3.5) and Al_5Fe_2 through the melting and solidification process.Compared with the primary Al-rich γ-Al_(3.5)FeSi phase, the formation of Fe-rich Al_3Si Fe_(3.5) is quite beneficial for the separation of Al and Fe. Mg–Si–Al and Mg–Si–Fe alloys can be obtained at the top and bottom of the cooled ingot,respectively. The results in this study provide meaningful suggestions for recycling scrap Al–Si–Fe materials.     

微量RE对易拉罐用铝材中富Fe杂质相的变质作用

在易拉罐用铝材熔体中添加微量RE元素对富Fe杂质相进行变质处理，采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X-Ray衍射（XRD）、能谱分析（EDAX）等分析测试手段研究杂质相的变质效果。结果表明：RE聚集于基体晶界，可通过与Al生成富Fe相异质形核核心，影响溶质原子扩散过程和杂质相生长方式，取代富Fe相中部分组成元素以降低x（Fe）/x（Mn）的经值等途径提高富Fe相形核率，并促使其生长形态发生变化，变质效果显著，即晶界处由粗大鱼骨状的Al（Fe,Mn,Si）复合相转变为Al（Fe,Mn,Mg,Si,RE）和Al（Fe,Mn,RE）复合相，分别呈短小骨骼状或小球状，可明显提高该事金的塑性。