美国核电废物管理的变化和启示

介绍了近期美国低放废物处置场管理政策的变化,以及美国核设施废物产生者为寻求低放废物的低成本管理新模式所做的努力。希望能对我国核电厂放射性废物管理提供一点启示。     

Calculation of Plasma Radiation in Electrothermal-Chemical Launcher简

A numerical model of radiation has been adopted for electrothermM-chemical （ETC） launcher, in which Monte Carlo method and statistical physics are employed to simulate the process of a capillary plasma source in an ETC launcher. The effect on propellant grains with different average absorption coefficients is discussed. The plasma-propellant interaction is also discussed when combined with a thermal model. Results show that the strong instantaneous radiation is responsible for the transmission of energy to the propellant grains leading to ignition. The efficiency of energy absorption in the propellant bed always maintains a high level. Radiant energy caused by plasma is concentrated around the plaslna injector. And the ＂hot zone＂ efficiency is mainly affected by the properties of propellant grains within a small field around the plasma injector.