Measurement of photothermally induced distortion of thin films using an external cavity laser diode sensor

The thermal distortion of a 2.5 mu m thick gold film on a glass plate, produced by a modulated Ar ion laser beam, was measured using a simple external cavity laser diode configuration. Experimental results agree well with calculations. The results of these measurements will help elucidate the photoinductive effect, the photothermally induced change in the inductance of a coil placed over the gold film.<>     

Modelocking of interferometric Y-lasers in an external cavity

The first report on active modelocking of interferometric Y-lasers in an external cavity are reported. Pulse widths between 20 and 30 ps for 1.3-μm and 1.55-μm devices were achieved by modulation of the injection current synchronously to the external cavity roundtrip frequency. A time-bandwidth-product of 0.97 was determined for 1.55-μm devices     

均分直槽微结构光纤光栅磁场传感器

对微结构光纤磁场传感器的增敏性能进行研究, 设计了一种基于飞秒激光微加工的均分直槽型微结构光纤磁场传感器。 利用飞秒激光在刻有光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的单模光纤(SMF)包层上刻蚀均分直槽微结构, 并采用HF溶液清除直槽内的残留碎屑和 应力集中点,随后用磁控溅射技术在加工部位溅射一层磁致伸缩薄膜TbDyFe。当外界磁 场强度变化时,通过观测传感器中心 波长的变化可实现对磁场强度的测量。直槽微结构能减小光纤横截面积,改善光纤轴向伸缩 性能,增大薄膜附着表面积,从而 提高传感器探头灵敏度。理论分析了直槽微结构提高传感器性能的工作原理,介绍了传 感器探头的制备工艺和性能影响因 素,给出了不同参数传感探头的磁场测试结果。实验结果表明,利用飞秒激光加工直槽微结 构能明显改善传感器探头灵敏度, 其中直槽个数对性能影响最为明显;相对于无微结构传感器探头,有微结构光纤探头灵敏度 最高可提升3.8倍。     

小金属腔体内抗干扰小型栅网电场传感器研制

为了确定电子系统的电磁脉冲(EMP)易损性并设计能承受电磁脉冲(EMP)威胁的电子系统,研究电磁脉冲(EMP)特性和电磁脉冲(EMP)耦合进入元件和电子系统的能量,以及电子系统战术性能降级所产生的影响。介绍了封闭腔体内抗强电磁干扰的小型电磁场传感器的设计过程,对该传感器的等效电路、匹配网络和测量方法进行了详细的理论计算分析。也对研制过程和实际应用情况进行了介绍。得到了小型腔体内的内电磁脉冲(IEMP)环境参数。为电子系统提供了抗电磁干扰以及加固设计的参考数据。     

Vehicle detection using a magnetic field sensor

The measurement of vehicle magnetic moments and the results from use of a fluxgate magnetic sensor to actuate a lighting system from the magnetic fields of passing vehicles is reported. A typical U.S. automobile has a magnetic moment of about 200 A-m²(Ampere-meters²), while for a school bus it is about 2000 A-m². When the vehicle is modeled as an ideal magnetic dipole with a moment of 200 A-m², the predicted results from an analysis of the sensor-vehicle geometry agree closely with observations of the system response to automobiles.     

外腔半导体激光器的线宽

本文用量子力学的方法求得了外腔半导体激光器(LD)的线宽,给出了抑制LD线宽的最佳反馈条件。     

Magnetic field measurements with a novel surface micromachinedmagnetic-field sensor

The surface micromachining process of Robert Bosch GmbH has been used to fabricate a novel type of magnetic-field sensor. The Lorentz force, caused by the interaction of a current and an external magnetic field in a suspended surface micromachined conducting beam, laterally displaces the suspended structure. The displacement of the structure is converted into a capacitance change by comb-electrodes, which form a differential capacitor. An appropriate electronic circuitry measures the magnetic field by quantifying the displacement of the conducting beam. In order to increase sensitivity to magnetic fields, the magnitude of the deflection is increased by resonant operation in a vacuum ambient. The sensor obtains its vacuum environment by encapsulation with a new wafer bonding process. Prototype sensors with resonant frequencies in the range around 1300 Hz show Q-factors above 30. With these samples, relative magnetic sensitivities of 900 000 (V/A·T) with a detection limit in the sub μT-range are reported     

Stability analysis for a semiconductor laser in an external cavity

A detailed theoretical analysis of stability is presented for a semiconductor laser in an external cavity. The limits of stable operation are determined as a function of the external cavity parameters and the linewidth enhancement factor α. Instability is related to jumps of the laser frequency between external cavity modes (frequency bistability) or to feedback-induced intensity pulsations due to the carrier density dependence of the refractive index. The limit of bistability is derived from the steady-state solutions of the rate equations and the intensity pulsation limit is obtained from a small-signal analysis. This analysis also gives the location of zeros in the system determinant and the resulting FM noise spectrum. For practical applications we emphasize the determination of the stable tuning range for the phase in the external cavity and the classification of the possible types of instability for various feedback levels.     

Sensitivity enhancement of a flexible MEMS strain sensor by a field effect transistor in an all organic approach

We report a low-cost piezoresistive nanocomposite based organic micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) strain sensor that has been combined to an organic field effect transistor (OFET) with the objective of amplifying the sensitivity of the sensor. When the MEMS cantilever is strained by a mechanical deflection, the resulting variation of resistivity influences the gate voltage (V_GS) of the OFET and, hence, changes the drain current (I_DS) of the transistor. The present combination allows an enhancement of sensitivity to strain by a factor 3.7, compared to the direct detection of resistance changes of the nanocomposite. As a consequence, a low limit of detection of 24 ppm has been estimated in terms of strain transduction efficiency. Furthermore, the organic microsystem exhibits a short response time and operates reversibly with an excellent robustness.     

PSK optical homodyne detection using external cavity laser diodesin Costas loop

5-Gb/s optical PSK (phase-shift keying) homodyne detection experiments are discussed. In these experiments, the optical carrier is recovered by a Costas optical phase-locked loop using a multielectrode local oscillator (DFB) laser diode at 1.55 μm with a flat FM response. Although the beat linewidth of 80 kHz is broad compared to the loops in other phase-locked loop (PLL) experiments, phase locking with Costas loop is confirmed at 5 Gb/s by increasing the loop natural frequency. The receiver sensitivity is -42.2 dBm or 93 photon/bit for a 2⁷-1 pseudorandom bit sequence (PRBS) in front of a 90° hydride     

Single-mode operation from an external cavity controlledvertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

Single-mode operation from an index-guided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) has been achieved by using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as an external selective wavelength reflector. The spectral characteristics of the external cavity controlled VCSEL under static and dynamic conditions have been studied. The FBG provided stable single mode operation under pseudorandom modulation with a sidemode suppression ratio of ~30 dB from 500 Mb/s up to 4 Gb/s at room temperature     

Magnetic field sensor based on peanut-shape structure and multimode fiber

An all fiber magnetic field sensor with peanut-shape structure based on multimode fiber (MMF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensing structure and magnetic fluid (MF) are both encapsulated in capillary, and the effective refractive index of MF is affected by surrounding magnetic field strength. The measurement of magnetic field is realized by observing the wavelength drift of interference peak. The transmission spectrum generated by Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) includes core-core mode interference and core-cladding mode interference. Experimental results demonstrate that the core-cladding mode interference is sensitive to magnetic field, and the magnetic field sensitivity is 0.047 8 nm/mT. In addition, two kinds of interference dips are sensitive to temperature, and the sensitivities are 0.060 0 nm/°C and 0.052 6 nm/°C, respectively. So the simultaneous measurement of magnetic field strength and temperature can be achieved based on sensitivity matrix. This work has been supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2013AA014200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11444001), and the Municipal Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No.14JCYBJC16500). E-mail:13821538563@163.com      

基于磁流体和无芯光纤的磁场传感器

用无芯光纤(NCF)作为单模-多模-单模(SMS)结构中的多模光波导,并将其浸没在密封于毛细管内的磁流体(MF)中,形成了一种新型的全光纤化磁场传感器。传感器可利用磁场变化时其透射谱中谷值波长的移动或峰值波长处的透射率变化对相应的磁场变化进行测量。完成了传感器的制作并进行了实验研究,在传感器长约9cm时,实验得到的磁场灵敏度分别达到了78pm/Oe和0.129dB/Oe。除了作为磁场传感器,本文装置还可以用来作为磁控可调光衰减器或光调制器。     

XeCl laser power enhancement with an external ultraviolet laser

Enhancements in the output energy of an XeCl laser of more than 50 percent have been observed by injecting 2-43 mJ of 308 nm laser radiation into the resonator 10-150 ns prior to the emergence of the final XeCl pulse. This effect is a strong function of the time delay (Deltat) between the two lasers and is most pronounced when the injected (external) pulse precedes the XeCl laser pulse by 45 ns. For|Deltat| lsim 100ns, the external radiation appears to be simply "seeding" the XeCl laser cavity which allows the second laser to reach threshold earlier and thereby improve its extraction efficiency. For100 lsim |Deltat| lsim 150ns, the enhancement may to arise from the depletion of the number density of an impurity molecule which absorbs strongly at 308 nm.     

光栅外腔提高VCSEL微波调制效率实验研究

实验研究了垂直腔面发射激光器(vertical cavity surface emitting laser,VCSEL)在闪耀光栅作为外腔反馈时的直流和微波调制特性.VCSEL底部端面和外部闪耀光栅组成法布里-珀罗(Fab-ry-Perot,FP)腔,由于闪耀光栅的反馈作用,可以提高VCSEL微波调制效率.在VCSEL...     

Hybrid magnetic tunnel junction/vertical cavity surface emittinglaser field sensor device

A hybrid magneto-optoelectronic device is demonstrated, composed of a magnetic tunnel junction and a vertical cavity surface emitting diode laser. External magnetic field changes are translated into amplitude modulation of the laser output power with sensitivity that suggests applications in wireless and remote sensing of magnetic fields     

Linewidth enhancement for DFB lasers due to longitudinal field dependence in the laser cavity

To calculate the linewidth for an index-guided semiconductor laser, one usually neglects a correction factor for the spontaneous emission rate, which is introduced by the longitudinal field distribution within the laser cavity. For FabryPerot lasers with cleaved facets the correction factor is small. However, for DFB lasers this correction factor may become quite significant, yielding a linewidth enhancement for DFB laser diodes.     

A linearized theory for the diode laser in an external cavity

A simple model for a semiconductor diode laser in an external cavity is developed. The stability and small-signal modulation characteristics of the new model is investigated and compared with experiment.     

Frequency stabilization of an external cavity laser diode usingelectrooptic effect

An external cavity laser diode, which consists of a LiNbO₃ phase modulator, was frequency-stabilized to a resonance frequency of a Fabry-Perot interferometer using the electrooptic effect. The optical frequency fluctuation was detected through a Fabry-Perot interferometer and the detected signal was negatively fed back to the phase modulator to reduce the frequency fluctuation. The rear facet of the electrooptic phase modulator was coated with gold and used as an external mirror. At feedback-off state, the peak-to-peak frequency fluctuation of the laser diode was 52 MHz in 2 min. At feedback-on state, the peak-to-peak frequency fluctuation was reduced to 1.5 MHz. This condition was maintained for the duration of the observation, 1 h and 40 min     

The mechanism of mode selection for an external cavity laser

The process of mode hopping between external cavity modes of a laser diode with optical feedback is described by analogy with noise driven transitions of a particle between potential valleys. The model explains why the dominant mode is the mode with the lowest linewidth and not the mode with the lowest carrier density. It also gives a simple analytic expression for the rate of mode hopping. The expression is shown to predict the results of computer simulations to a good approximation