利用低值鳗鱼骨开发鳗鱼提取物的研究

采用低值鳗鱼骨经酶解、浓缩、美拉德反应、调配等工艺开发了鳗鱼提取物产品。根据正交实验和感官评定方法确定了开发鳗鱼提取物的美拉德反应最佳条件为:鳗鱼骨浓缩液50g,木糖0.8 g,L-半胱氨酸1.5 g,V_(B1) 0.2 g,反应温度110℃,反应时间50 min;调配最佳配方和工艺为:美拉德反应产物50 g,味精8 g,呈味核苷酸二钠0.3 g,酵母抽提物5 g,食盐10 g,麦芽糊精26.5 g,香辛料0.2 g,加热时间40 min,加热温度93℃。制作的鳗鱼提取物烤鳗鱼风味自然、滋味纯正、浓郁,且成本低廉,可应用于各类烤鳗鱼风味食品中。     

三文鱼下脚料制备鱼味香料的研究

以三文鱼的加工下脚料为原料,经酶解和美拉德反应,制备香味浓郁的鱼味香料。通过分析水解液中氨基酸组成,确定美拉德反应中所需添加的氨基酸,单因素试验和正交试验确定美拉德反应的基本配料和反应条件。结果表明:水解液中含有18种氨基酸,半胱氨酸含量较少,制备鱼味香料的最佳工艺为:添加4%葡萄糖、1.6%半胱氨酸、1%硫胺素以及1%酵母粉,调节pH至7.0,110℃反应50min。     

鲢鱼蛋白酶解液制备肉味香精工艺

以鲢鱼酶解液为主要原料,制备美拉德反应型肉味香精.通过在鲢鱼酶解液中添加葡萄糖、氯化钠、盐酸硫铵等物质自制肉味香精,采用正交试验设计和感官评价方法确定出美拉德反应的最佳配比与反应条件为:酶解液50 mL,葡萄糖5%,氯化钠5%,盐酸硫胺0.25%,温度115℃,时间60 min,pH7.5.感官评价结果表明,在最佳条件下制备出的美拉德反应型香精有浓郁的肉香味和卤汁味,同时带有一定的焦香气,无酶解液的鱼腥味,整体香气协调,香味持久.     

水解大豆制备食用香精的工艺优化

以大豆为原料,通过酸解法制备植物水解蛋白(HVP),以HVP 为原料通过美拉德反应制取肉味香精。通过正交试验获得酸解大豆蛋白的最佳反应条件为水解时间7h、浓硫酸体积分数25%、固液比1:7(g/mL),此时蛋白水解度(DH)达65.26%。在此基础上研究美拉德反应的最佳工艺条件,正交试验结果表明：pH7.0、D- 木糖添加量0.4g/mL、L- 半胱氨酸盐酸盐添加量为0.05g/mL 时,获得的产物香味持久、浓郁。     

美拉德反应制备烧烤型虾味香精及气质联用分析

本文研究利用熏制虾头酶解产物为原料,添加一些氨基酸和还原糖进行美拉德反应,通过单因素和正交实验确定烧烤型虾香味反应体系所需的最佳物质配比及反应条件.研究表明美拉德反应的最佳条件为温度110℃,反应时间30min,pH值7.0,m(木糖):m(葡萄糖)=1:3,糖的总添加量为6%,m(甘氨酸):m(谷氨酸)=1:4,氨基酸的总添加量为2%,得到的反应液为红褐色,澄清透明,烧烤味浓郁,虾味鲜美,并对其进行了GC-MS定性分析,共鉴定出51种香味物质对其风味有较大贡献.     

一种鳀鱼提取物的开发和生产工艺研究

利用生物酶解和美拉德反应工艺,开发了一种鳀鱼提取物产品。通过酶种类及料水比筛选实验确定了酶解最佳工艺;利用正交实验设计确定了美拉德反应最佳工艺。实验结果表明:于56℃,料液比为1:2条件下,添加复合风味蛋白酶0.2%,水解蛋白酶0.1%,酶解4个小时为最适酶解工艺,酶解得率可达89.5%;将鳀鱼酶解液60g,葡萄糖2g,L-半胱氨酸1.5g,白胡椒0.3g,月桂粉0.1g,紫苏粉0.05g,八角茴香粉0.05g混合均匀,于105℃反应90 min为最佳美拉德反应工艺。按照上述工艺制作的鳀鱼提取物产品具有鳀鱼的典型风味,滋味鲜美协调,香气浓郁,肉感好,可用于鳀鱼和海鱼风味食品中起提味增鲜、增强厚实度的作用。该工艺易于实现生产,具有一定的实用性和市场开发价值。     

还原糖和氨基酸体系制备牛肉香精的优化研究

以还原糖、氨基酸为原料,由美拉德反应制备牛肉香精,通过还原糖和氨基酸体系的组合优化和反应条件正交优化,获得适宜的还原糖和氨基酸种类及质量比例是木糖∶抗坏血酸∶亮氨酸∶蛋氨酸∶半胱氨酸盐酸盐为10∶5∶3∶8∶4,反应温度95℃,反应时间40min,反应pH值8,所制备的牛肉香精呈褐色,具有浓郁、愉悦的烧牛肉气味。通过电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(SPME-GC-MS)检测其挥发性风味成分主要为甲基类、醇类、醛酮类物质,共检测出14种,鉴定出牛肉特征性风味物质3-甲硫基丙醛和甲硫醇。实验结果同时表明:不同的还原糖和氨基酸体系美拉德反应后能产生明显不同的气味,系统研究还原糖和氨基酸体系美拉德反应的呈味特性规律,可为提前设计反应原辅料或订单式开发特征性香精提供参考。     

白酒糟水解液的美拉德反应条件优化

以酒糟酸酶联合水解液为原料制备美拉德反应产物。采用单因素实验考察了反应温度、时间和pH3个因素对美拉德反应褐变程度的影响,并利用正交设计优化反应条件。结果表明,酒糟水解液进行美拉德反应的最佳条件为:温度110℃,时间100min和pH10,该条件下吸光度值为0.995,感官评价反应产物具有独特的酱香味。酒糟酸酶联合水解液进行美拉德反应具有可行性。     

鳗鱼骨酶解及美拉德反应制备优质风味物工艺研究

利用鳗鱼骨为主要原料进行蛋白酶水解,在酶水解液加入木糖并通过美拉德反应制备出具有鳗鱼风味的提取物产物。实验以感官综合评价为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,利用模糊综合评价方法分析并优化工艺配方。结果表明,鳗鱼骨酶解液美拉德反应工艺条件为反应初始pH值7.5、反应时间50 min、反应温度120℃、木糖添加量1.5%时制得的美拉德反应产物的风味得到了较大改善,色泽呈棕褐色或棕黄色,烤鳗鱼滋味和焦香味浓郁,香气突出,没有其他不良异味,该为海洋功能性食品的开发提供了参考。     

基于GA-BP神经网络的鹰嘴豆美拉德肽的定向制备

基于BP神经网络技术结合遗传算法实现定向制备美拉德风味肽产品。以鹰嘴豆蛋白为原料,通过双酶(风味蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶)逐级定向酶解技术制备不同水解度(DH%)鹰嘴豆蛋白酶解液,采用该酶解液进行美拉德反应后经描述性感官分析,将所得参数进行美拉德反应预测模型构建。结果:经BP神经网络和遗传算法优化,最优参数为水解度24%、反应初始温度85℃、反应时间31 min、反应初始pH 9.7、D(+)-木糖添加量1.2g,其感官评分近似为5.0,感官评价很高。经验证试验,该技术参数条件下制备的美拉德肽呈现明显的肉味、鲜味,并具有较长的持续感。该参数可以作为鹰嘴豆蛋白美拉德肽产品的最佳制备条件,相关研究成果可为高品质蛋白增鲜基料制备提供技术借鉴。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press