铂热电阻允差检验规则的探讨

通过对“工业铂热电阻技术条件及分度表”ＺＢＹ３０１－８５，国际标准“工业铂热电阻”，ＩＥＣ７５１（１９８３年）“工业铂”，铜热电阻率检定规程“ＪＪＧ２２９－８７的对比分析，指出工业铂热电阻允差检验的基本标准是ＺＢＹ３０１－８５，与目前广泛应用的检定规程ＪＪＧ２２９－８７在有关允差检验的规则方面有较大差别，特别是使用温度范围较小的铂热电阻，按上述两个规定进行检验后的判断结论有较多矛盾，建议对使用温度     

钢带连续热处理设备通过省级鉴定

钢带连续热处理设备通过省级鉴定由江西工业电炉厂和山西太行锯条厂共同开发研制的ＪＧ９２－１０５型钢带连续热处理设备（见附图）于１９９５年１２月２８日通过省级鉴定。附图ＪＧ９２－１０５型钢带连续热处理设备该设备是专用于宽１０～４００ｍｍ、厚０．２～１．５...     

ZGYJ—160—22真空感应热压炉的研制与应用

简要介绍ＺＧＹＪ－１６０－２２真空感应热压的特点，性能指标及在研制过程中所碰到的主要技术难点。     

Numerical Calculation of 3—D TUrbulent Flow in Curvilinear Coordinate Systems with Nostaggered Grids

ＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌＣａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆ３－ＤＴｕｒｂｕｌｅｎｔＦｌｏｗｉｎＣｕｒｖｉｌｉｎｅａｒＣｏｏｒｄｉｎａｔｅＳｙｓｔｅｍｓｗｉｔｈＮｏｎｓｔａｇｇｅｒｅｄＧｒｉｄｓＺｈａｎｇＪｉｎｇｚｈｏｕ；ＬｉＬｉｇｕｏ；ＷｕＧｕｏｃｈｕａｎ（Ｎａｍ...     

Three－Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in an Inclined Cylindrical Annulus

Ｔｈｒｅｅ－ＤｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌＮｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌＳｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆＮａｔｕｒａｌＣｏｎｖｅｃｔｉｏｎＨｅａｔＴｒａｎｓｆｅｒｉｎａｎＩｎｃｌｉｎｅｄＣｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａｌＡｎｎｕｌｕｓＪ．Ｇ．ｗｅｉ；Ｗ．Ｑ．Ｔａｏ（ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＥｎｅｒ...     

JZG32A涡轮增压器与16SGT双燃料发动机的匹配

通过对１６ＳＧＴ双燃料发动机技术参数的分析、计算和优化,选配了ＪＺＧ３２Ａ国产涡轮增压器。配机试验表明,发动机的排气温度和热负荷明显降低,ＪＺＧ３２Ａ涡轮增压器的性能完全满足１６ＳＧＴ双燃料发动机的要求。     

高效非晶硅叠层太阳电池的优化设计

研究了高效ａ－Ｓｉ／ａ－Ｓｉ／ａ－Ｓｉ－ＳｉＧｅ三结太阳电池的优化设计。电流匹配是影响二端子叠层太阳电池填充因子的关键因素，在内电极的ｐ／ｎ界面外附加载流子复合是由少数载流子浓度、界面态和ｐ／ｎ界面处材料的几何因素匹配决定的。利用适当的带隙匹配和ｉ层厚度匹配来实现ａ－Ｓｉ／ａ－Ｓｉ／ａ－ＳｉＧｅ三结太阳电池结构的最佳化，同时采用改善ｎ／ｉ界面特性的缓冲层技术，获得了Ｖｏｃ＝２．４８Ｖ，Ｊｓｃ＝６．     

类 p-i-n 结构 n~ (μc-Si : H)/p(poly-Si)/p~ (poly-Si)薄膜太阳电池的热平衡态特性数值分析

通过应用Ｓｃｈａｒｆｅｔｅｒ－Ｇｕｍｍｅｌ解法，数值求解Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程，对热平衡态ｎ＋（μｃ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ）／ｐ（ｐｏｌｙ－Ｓｉ）／ｐ＋（ｐｏｌｙ－Ｓｉ）薄膜太阳电池进行计算机数值模拟。说明类ｐ－ｉ－ｎ结构设计使电池获得了较高的短路电流ＪＳＣ，而中间层ｐ（ｐｏｌｙ－Ｓｉ）的掺杂有利于提高电池的短波量子效率特性，还讨论了ｎ＋（μｃ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ）和ｐ＋（ｐｏｌｙ－Ｓｉ）等层厚度对光生载流子收集的影响。     

核电技术的现状和展望_二

核电技术的现状和展望（二）吉桂明,李婕（哈尔滨船舶锅炉涡轮机研究所）ＴｈｅＰｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｔａｔｕｓａｎｄＦｕｔｕｒｅＰｒｏｓｐｅｃｔｓｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＰｏｗｅｒＧｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ￥ＪｉＧｕｉｍｉｎｇ;ＬｉＪｉｅ（Ｈａｒｂｉｎ...     

喷雾干燥过程尾气余热的利用

长岭炼油化工总厂催化剂厂微球装置喷雾干燥工序尾气余热达３７．８ＧＪ／ｈ，经过多年的摸索和实验，选取了简单可靠、切实易行的余热利用方案。年节能量达１．６１４×１０５ＧＪ，使装置能耗下降了２５．５６％。     

高温红外辐射涂料的研制及其应用

介绍一种用于高温工业炉窑内衬表面的优质红外辐射节能涂料，其在常温和高温，在全波段和低波段均有很好的辐射性能，已应用于多家企业，取得了较好的节能效果。     

炼油厂加热炉综合改造及效果分析

中国石油玉门油田分公司玉门炼油化工总厂随着“短流程燃料型”加工方案的调整,加热炉运行台数由20台减少为14台,用能水平明显提高,综合能耗显著下降,但主要装置(常减压、重整、焦化装置)加热炉都是上世纪90年代设计、制造的,运行时存在排烟温度高、氧含量高、入炉空气温度低、炉内壁保温破损、炉体漏风、炉体外壁温度高、燃料消耗大、热效率低等问题.针对上述问题,利用2010年7月份检修机会,对常减压、重整和焦化装置加热炉进行了综合改造.在采取系列综合改造措施后,3套主要生产装置的加热炉平均热效率由86.92％上升到了93.76％,平均过剩空气系数由1.36降低到0.86,平均排烟温度由224.25℃降低到了124.7℃,平均炉体表面温度由77.75℃降低到了37.7℃,加热炉运行状况得以大幅改善.随着加热炉运行状况的改善,瓦斯消耗量降低、装置处理量提高,极大地改善了装置各项经济指标.     

Zero drift suppression for PdNi nano-film hydrogen sensor by vacuum annealing

Zero drift is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of hydrogen sensor. To restrain the zero drift, the PdNi nano-film hydrogen sensors were vacuum annealed and effects of different vacuum annealing temperatures on the micro-structure, morphology and hydrogen sensing performances were explored in detail. The results show that with the annealing temperature increasing, the grains grow and the lattice constantly decreases. And the morphology of the surface grains changes from cone to sphere when the annealing temperature is more than 250 °C. Moreover, we provide a concept of EZD (effect of zero drift) to quantitative analysis of the effect of zero drift on hydrogen sensing performance. Repeatability tests reveal that annealing can inhibit EZD when the annealing temperature is more than 150 °C, which is attributed to defects of PdNi nano-film reducing and stability improving. However, increasing annealing temperature leads to the deterioration of sensing performances such as response (Rs), response time (t_rs) and recover time (t_rc), especially when the annealing temperature is more than 250 °C. Only annealing at 250 °C can decrease EZD availably and make the PdNi nano-film hydrogen sensor maintain a high Rs and short t_rs and t_rc. In addition, the sensor annealed at 250 °C is appropriate for detecting hydrogen with low concentration and the detection limit is low to 2 ppm.     

Comparative study of the hydrogen isotopes yield from Ti,Zr, Ni,Pd, Pt during thermal,electric current and radiation heating

The results of studying the hydrogen isotopes (H, D) yield of Ni, Pd, Pt, Ti, Zr metals with linear heating: a) by the accelerated electrons beam with energy up to 35 KeV, b) by joule heat of AC (50 Hz) through samples, c) by external coaxial furnace samples in metal (stainless steel) and d) quartz vacuum cells are presented. The highest temperature of the position of the maximum intensity hydrogen isotopes release at the linear heating corresponds to the samples heating in a metal vacuum cell, an external coaxial furnace. The lowest temperature position of the maximum intensity hydrogen isotopes release corresponds to the heating by accelerated electrons beam. The difference in these positions of the maximum is ΔТ ≈ 350°С. Difference in maxima position of the hydrogen and deuterium release into the low-temperature region is significant (ΔТ ≈ 50–100°С) for the Ni, Pd, Pt samples, and insignificant (ΔТ <10°С) for the Ti and Zr samples was found, when metals are heated by electric current or in a quartz vacuum cell compared to their heating in a metal vacuum cell.Possible mechanisms of non-equilibrium stimulation of the hydrogen isotopes release from metals, due to the accumulation of external energy by the hydrogen subsystem of crystals considered theoretically. The notions used wherein are in agreement with the obtained experimental results.     

渗碳炉用特种实体热电偶

简述了研制的渗碳炉专用特种实体热电偶的性能与结构,探讨了进口渗碳炉在线检测用热电偶国产化问题。着重介绍了研制的特种实体热电偶在瓦房店轴承集团、一汽、二汽集团渗碳炉内的成功应用,指出自行开发的特种温度传感器不仅可以替代进口设备中的温度传感器,还可以进入国际市场。     

真空感应高温石墨化炉

介绍了真空感应高温石墨化炉的设计、研制目的、主要性能、主要结构及解决的关键技术等问题。     

Numerical study of radiation‐convection heat transfer

In this study, the authors attempted to introduce a simulation technique for radiation‐convection heat transfer in the high‐temperature fields of industrial furnaces, boilers, and gas turbine combustors. The convection effect was analyzed by a differential equation, but the radiation effect was analyzed by an integral equation. Thus, it was not easy to arrange both effects using the same type of equations. Then, the authors introduced the zone method and Monte Carlo method for the integral equation of the radiation effect and the finite difference method for the differential equation of the convection effect. A three‐dimensional analysis of the high‐temperature furnace was performed by this simulation technique to obtain its temperature distribution. Furthermore, another radiation‐convection heat transfer analysis in the low‐temperature living room was performed by the same technique. Finally, the authors tried to develop a computer software for radiation‐convection heat transfer and described their idea of software construction for the above. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(5): 391–407, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.10042     

辊底炉生产线煤气加热温度控制系统

系统介绍了煤气加热炉温度控制系统的流程、相互作用与连线。较深入讨论了串联与串并交叉温度控制的运算框图。     

Hydrogen as a vector for central receiver solar utilities

An assessment is presented to use hydrogen or hydrogen-rich fuels as a vector in the Central Receiver Solar Utility (CRSU) concept.

The CRSU is conceived to meet primarily the domestic energy requirements for space heating and hot water production of a community. It normally operates to provide low grade heat with sensible seasonal heat storage and district heating systems. However, there are institutional problems connected with using sensible heat storage and low grade energy distribution systems into dwellings.

An alternative to this would be to produce hydrogen and hydrogen-rich fuels by using an advanced conversion technology and eliminate low grade heat storage and distribution systems. Two developing technologies, namely high temperature electrolysis and thermochemical processes, are considered for production of the vector. Then, an assessment is carried out at the conceptual level for fully dedicated Central Receiver Solar Utility Plants which integrate a central receiver system, thermochemical plant or electrical power generating system and synthetic fuel production plant with necessary auxiliary sub-systems.

It is shown that for a 10% capital recovery factor, the cost of hydrogen at the plant will be about $18 per GJ using thermochemical processes and about $20 per GJ using high temperature electrolysis processes.

The solar-hydrogen can also be converted to a more easily stored fuel for domestic use such as methanol, ethanol, ammonia or fuel oil. In this case, there is a distinct possibility that by using waste heavy fuels, tar sands and biomass, the cost of synthetic fuel can be considerably reduced.     

Stable region of ZrCo under hydrogen atmosphere at high temperature

In this work, the unusual reproportionation phenomenon, which occurs under hydrogen atmosphere, has been studied for the first time by combing temperature-programmed dehydrogenation and XRD characterization. The phase transition from ZrCo₂–ZrH₂ to ZrCo for reproportionation was clearly observed without vacuum pumping. It was shown that the reproportionation could take place even under hydrogen pressure of 0.65 bar at 640 °C. In addition, the reproportionation behaviors under different initial hydrogen pressures were investigated and the onset boundary for reproportionation was successfully established. The original insight into the unusual reproportionation phenomenon reveals that there is a stable region for ZrCo under hydrogen atmosphere at high temperature. On the basis of this work, it is hopeful that the application of ZrCo at high temperature will be substantially broadened.