斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒与生物或仿生农药的协同控害作用

研究了斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(SlNPV)与其它生物或仿生农药混用时对斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾的田间控制作用。结果表明,SlNPV和虫酰肼、多杀菌素或阿维菌素联合应用时,对甘蓝上斜纹夜蛾表现出较好的控制效果,持效期达14 d以上,对甜菜夜蛾也有一定的兼治效果。     

甜菜夜蛾生物防治研究进展

甜菜夜蛾是蔬菜等多种植物的重要害虫，现在已成为一个急需解决的问题。已有报道表明甜菜夜蛾抗药性迅速增加是导致其在我国频繁暴发的主要原因。甜菜夜蛾在田间有大量的捕食性、寄生性天敌以及病原微生物，这些对甜菜夜蛾种群的控制起到很大的作用，所以生物防治对于防治甜菜夜蛾来说至关重要。本文综述了国内外近些年来甜菜夜蛾天敌、病原真菌以及病原微生物的调查研究和利用情况，并对甜菜夜蛾防治中植物提取物和性引诱剂等的利用现状作了探讨。     

甲胺基阿维菌素对甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫、粘虫和苜蓿夜蛾的活性研究

甲胺基阿维菌素对甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫、粘虫和苜蓿夜蛾的致死中浓度分别为0．384、0．048、0．073和1．238μg/g。甲胺基阿维菌素对甜菜 夜蛾、棉铃虫和粘虫的杀虫活力明显高于阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯和辛硫磷。甲胺基阿维菌素对棉铃虫的毒力高于粘虫，对上述两害虫的毒力又明显高于甜菜夜蛾和苜蓿夜蛾。甲胺基阿维菌素是防治甜菜夜蛾、棉铃虫和粘虫高效的药剂，但不适合用于防治苜蓿夜蛾。     

鸦胆子提取物对斜纹夜蛾拒食作用的初步研究

探讨了鸦胆子提取物对斜纹夜蛾3龄和5龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明,鸦胆子提取物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫具有较好的拒食活性。当浓度为0.5mg/mL时,对斜纹夜蛾3龄、5龄幼虫的拒食活性稍强于0.1mg/mL印楝素的拒食活性;24h的拒食活性测定中,3龄和5龄幼虫的非选择性AFC50分别为0.0374mg/mL和0.0370mg/mL;选择性AFC50分别为0.0320mg/mL和0.0230mg/mL,具有进一步研究开发的价值。     

10%除尽防治甜菜夜蛾的小菜蛾

１９９８年对１０％除尽悬浮液防治甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾进行田间试验结果表明,１０％除尽防治甜菜夜蛾的效果好于防治小菜蛾,以１５００倍的使用剂量防治甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾,３天后田间防效分别为９５．５３％和８５．４９％。建议大田可使用１５００倍剂量防治甜菜夜蛾和使用１０００倍剂量防治小菜蛾。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺与茚虫威对甜菜夜蛾的混配增效作用

[研究背景]氯虫苯甲酰胺与茚虫威均为甜菜夜蛾的防治农药,将二者混配成功会对生产有积极效应。[目的]研究氯虫苯甲酰胺与茚虫威两种不同作用机制的杀虫剂混配对甜菜夜蛾的增效作用。[方法]采用浸叶法测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺与茚虫威对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的毒力及两种药剂混配的联合增效作用。[结果]氯虫苯甲酰胺与茚虫威对甜菜夜蛾幼虫的LC50分别为2.23 mg/L和201.65 mg/L。两者混配除7︰3和9︰1对甜菜夜蛾幼虫表现相加作用外,其余都有明显的增效作用;当二者有效成分为1︰9时,增效作用最强,共毒系数最高,为1843.24。     

几种杀虫剂对瓜菜上斜纹夜蛾和棉铃虫的毒力测定

[目的]筛选对瓜菜上斜纹夜蛾和棉铃虫防治高效且对有益昆虫低毒的杀虫剂,指导菜园科学合理用药。[方法]室内测定5种杀虫剂对斜纹夜蛾、棉铃虫、中华蜜蜂和椰心叶甲啮小蜂的室内毒力。[结果]高效氯氟氰菊酯对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫毒力最高,甲维盐对棉铃虫3龄幼虫毒力最高,毒死蜱对中华蜜蜂工蜂的毒力最高,LC50值分别为10.593 3、3.525 2、1.486 5 mg/L。高效氯氟氰菊酯、甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺对斜纹夜蛾和棉铃虫毒力相当,但高效氯氟氰菊酯和甲维盐对中华蜜蜂和椰心叶甲啮小蜂毒力较低。[结论]推荐使用高效氯氰菊酯和甲维盐治瓜菜上的斜纹夜蛾和棉铃虫。     

10%除尽防治甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾

１９９８ 年对１０ ％ 除尽悬浮液防治甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾进行田间试验结果表明,１０ ％ 除尽防治甜菜夜蛾的效果好于防治小菜蛾,以１５００ 倍的使用剂量防治甜菜夜蛾和小菜蛾,３ 天后田间防效分别为９５５３ ％ 和８５４９ ％ 。建议大田可使用１５００ 倍剂量防治甜菜夜蛾和使用１０００ 倍剂量防治小菜蛾     

复合型斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒杀虫剂配比的筛选

为研制开发出高效、低毒的复合型斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒配方,首先测定了斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(SpltNPV)、高效氯氰菊酯、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、溴虫腈4种药剂对4龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫的致死中浓度;然后采用共毒因子法.测定TSpltNPV和3种化学药剂组合的联合作用,结果发现spltNPV+甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐组合的共毒因子为68.23,表现为增效作用;最后通过正交通用旋转回归设计法,获得了SpltNPv和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的最佳质量配比为1:1.     

斜纹夜蛾防治药剂筛选试验小结

选用几种杀虫剂进行了防治花椰菜田斜纹夜蛾的田间药效试验,结果表明,辛硫磷的3个混配处理对斜纹夜蛾同时具有较好的速效性和持效性,极显著优于高效氯氰菊酯的防治效果,适合用于无公害蔬菜。     

Victrex® poly(ethersulfone) (PES) and Victrex® poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK)

Properties of two high performance engineering thermoplastics, amorphous polyethersulfone (PES) and semicrystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK), are discussed. Both resins can be processed by conventional techniques, compounded with high performance fibers, and have high service temperature (up to 300°C). Due to the amorphous character PES can be dissolved and spray coated into metals.     

Photopyroelectric Spectroscopic Studies of ZnO-MnO(2)-Co(3)O(4)-V(2)O(5) Ceramics

Photopyroelectric (PPE) spectroscopy is a nondestructive tool that is used to study the optical properties of the ceramics (ZnO + 0.4MnO(2) + 0.4Co(3)O(4) + xV(2)O(5)), x = 0-1 mol%. Wavelength of incident light, modulated at 10 Hz, was in the range of 300-800 nm. PPE spectrum with reference to the doping level and sintering temperature is discussed. Optical energy band-gap (E(g)) was 2.11 eV for 0.3 mol% V(2)O(5) at a sintering temperature of 1025 °C as determined from the plot (ρhυ)(2)versushυ. With a further increase in V(2)O(5), the value of E(g) was found to be 2.59 eV. Steepness factor 'σ(A)' and 'σ(B)', which characterize the slope of exponential optical absorption, is discussed with reference to the variation of E(g). XRD, SEM and EDAX are also used for characterization of the ceramic. For this ceramic, the maximum relative density and grain size was observed to be 91.8% and 9.5 μm, respectively.     

(Ba_(1-α)Sr_α)_(4.8)(Sm_(0.7)La_(0.3))_(8.8)Ti_(18)O_(54)陶瓷的微波介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54(α=0.1～0.5)系陶瓷,表征了该陶瓷的相组成和显微结构,测试了微波介电性能.结果表明:α=0.3时,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷为单相的新钨青铜结构固溶体.α>0.3时,相继出现了第二相BaLa2Ti4O12和La0.66TiO2.993.随α的增加,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷的相对介电常数(εr)先增大后有所波动,品质因数(Qf)先增大后减小,谐振频率温度系数(τf)单调减小.α=0.3时,在1 350℃烧结的陶瓷的微波介电性能最佳:εr=98.77,Qf=5184GHz,τf=10.9×10-6/℃,优于不掺杂的BaO-Sm2O3-TiO2陶瓷的.     

Calcium silicate hydrate (II) (“C-S-H(II)”)

This semicrystalline phase, originally named ‘calcium silicate hydrate(II)’ by Taylor (1950), has been studied with X-rays, electron optics, chemical investigation of silicate anion type, infrared spectra, and thermal methods. It is structurally related to jennite (C₉S₆H₁₁) and probably also to the fibrous CSH of cement pastes, the three phases forming a sequence of decreasing crystallinity. The specimen studied had approximate composition C₂SH_3.2 after standing over saturated CaCλ₂ at about 15°C. CSH(II) contains metasilicate chains and pyrosilicate groups and has a disordered layer structure. Much of the water can be lost reversibly without significant change in lattice parameters.     

Poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid)

Summary In the present work we describe, the synthesis and characterization of a new gel obtained by crosslinking a cooligomer of butadiene-acrylic acid (BuAA), by reaction with acrylonitrile and acrylic acid. The purified product was characterized by FTIR, elemental analyses and scanning electronic microscopy. The thermal properties were studied and swelling indexes were determined in different solvents and at different pH values. The capacity of poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid) [gel A] to separate different organic substances, such as amino acids and colorants, was determined.     

Thermal studies of blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPSS) and with poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPSE)

The miscibilities of poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPS/PPSS) and poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPS/PPSE) blends were invesigated in terms of shifts of glass transition temperatures T_g of pure PPS, PPSS, a dn PPSE. The crystallization kinetics of PPS/PPSS blends was also studied as a function of molar composition. The PPS/PPSS and PPS/PPSE blends are respectively partially and fully miscible. PPSE shows a plasticizing effect on PPS as does PPS on PPSS, which necessarily improves te processibility in the respective systems. We can control T_g and melting temperature T_m of PPS by varying amounts of PPSE in blends. The melt crystallization temperature T_mc of PPS/PPSE blends was higher than that of the PPSE homopolymer. Therefore, these blends require shorter cycle times in processing than pure PPSE. The overall rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends follows the Avrami equation with an exponent ?2. The maximal rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends occurs at a temperatre higher by 10°C than that for PPS, while the crystallization half time t_1/2 is 4 times shorter. In the cold crystallization range, crystal growth rates increase and Avrami exponents decrease significantly as the temperature increases.     

Photooxidative stability of substituted poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA)

The addition of side groups to improve the photooxidative stability of polymers used in polymer-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is explored. Infrared spectroscopy and computational chemistry techniques are used to study the effects of chemical substitution of the reactive vinylene moiety in poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV). The bond order of the vinylene group in small oligomers is calculated using semiempirical techniques to assess the improvement in stability toward oxidants such as singlet oxygen. We find that PPV dimers allow relative comparisons across a range of possible substitutions. Experimental results correlate well with these calculations. The addition of electron-withdrawing substituents, such as nitrile groups, to the vinylene moiety is found to be particularly effective in reducing the reactivity of alkoxy-substituted PPV toward singlet oxygen. The photooxidative stability of a poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA) derivative is also studied. It appears that this family of polymers is more stable toward photooxidation than are its PPV analogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2451–2458, 1998     

Chemical cross-linking of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)

Hybrid films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared with different molecular weights of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The cross-linking reaction between PEO and PEDOT:PSS was performed at high temperature and confirmed by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), contact angle measurement, and solid-state ¹H NMR. The effect of chemical reaction on the conductivity and morphology of these hybrid films was studied by using 4-point probe and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. As-spun PEO/PEDOT:PSS films have lower electric conductivity due to the addition of nonconductive PEO, and exhibits no molecular weight dependence on conductivity. After chemical cross-linking reaction at high temperature, only PEDOT:PSS films with lowest molecular weight PEO additives show enhanced conductivity with increasing reaction time. AFM result indicates that the heat-treated PEO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films show grain-like morphology compared to ethylene glycol treated PEDOT:PSS films which shows continuous PEDOT domain. In the present work we demonstrate that the cross-linking reaction can be used to improve the wet stability of PEDOT:PSS nanofiber, showing good water resistance and excellent dimensional stability.