降低精馏系统甲醇的排放量

甲醇精馏系统处理的原料(粗甲醇)中含有部分杂质(CO、CO_2、醚类、高级醇、H_2O等),为了达到GB338——2004优等品甲醇的要求,必须排除这些杂质,在排放杂质的过程中造成了甲醇的排放。针对甲醇精馏系统工艺,重点从提高膨胀气压力、降低侧抽液量这些工艺操作入手,以减少这部分排放中的甲醇量。     

Synthesis,Aggregation-Induced Emission,and Electroluminescence of Dibenzothiophene- and Dibenzofuran-Containing Tetraarylethenes

Dibenzothiophene- and dibenzofuran-functionalized ethanes were synthesized by the McMurry coupling reaction. The luminogens are faintly emissive when molecularly dissolved in good solvents, but emit intensively when aggregated as nanoparticles in poor solvents or fabricated as solid thin films, demonstrating the phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Their organic light-emitting diode (OLED) applications were explored, utilizing the AIE effect. Electroluminescence devices with the configuration of indium tin oxide (ITO)/N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB; 60 nm)/dye (20 nm)/1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl (TPBi; 10 nm)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq₃; 30 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm) were fabricated. The OLED device emits at 510 nm with a maximum luminescence and external quantum efficiency of 10⁴ cd/m² and 2.1 %, respectively. The OLED behavior of the E/Z isomers was also studied.     

Electroluminescence from polyvinylcarbazole films: 4. Electroluminescence using higher work function cathodes

Following the previous demonstration of electroluminescence emission from polyvinylcarbazole (PVCz) films having caesium cathodes, the possibility of using less chemically reactive higher work function cathodes was studied. It is shown that this can in principle be accomplished by the use of suitable electron-accepting additives in the PVCz films and a range of cyanobenzene molecules was used for this purpose. The fluorescent properties of the exciplexes and exterplexes inevitably formed between the cyanobenzene acceptors and the carbazole donor groups of the PVCz were investigated in order to determine the most suitable additives. Acceptor anions and carbazole cations in PVCz films were observed spectroscopically at low temperatures as was their recombination luminescence on subsequent warming. Finally, electroluminescence was observed from PVCz films containing cyanobenzene additives and using cathodes of barium or calcium.     

白水泥回转窑系统工艺的优化

阿尔博安庆白水泥有限公司年产40万吨白水泥熟料的新型干法白水泥生产线由天津水泥工业设计研究院有限公司总承包建设。依照总承包合同要求年产白水泥熟料40万吨,即日产量为1300t,同时要求能达到1500t/d的超产空间,即最大白水泥熟料产量可以达到46.5万吨/年,     

Acoustic Emission from a Porcelain Body during Cooling

Quartz grains in porcelain bodies cause cracking. Under the present conditions, acoustic emission (AE) has shown that the cracking occurred in a temperature range of 900°–800°C during cooling from firing at a temperature of 1200°C. This cracking can be explained by a large thermal expansion mismatch that was due to the negative thermal expansion of quartz at temperatures >1000°C and no stress relaxation of the glass phase. At a temperature of 573°C, which is the transition temperature of quartz, AE was not detected by the measuring system that was used, although there were many peripheral cracks around the large quartz grains. The energy release rate of the peripheral cracks at a temperature of 573°C was too low to be detected by the equipment that was used.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定白酒的28种微量元素

应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES),不经消解直接测定8种白酒中的Al,As,B,Ba,Be,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,K,Li,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,Pb,Pd,S,Sb,Si,Sr,Ti,V,W,Zn元素并对方法的仪器条件进行了优化。与传统的消解方法进行比较,实验结果表明本方法的测定结果与消解的测定结果基本一致。本方法各元素线性相关系数均大于0.9995,加标回收率在94%~105%之间。本方法不需要消解,大大提高了样品的测试速度并且节省人力物力。本实验为白酒品质的鉴定提供实验数据。     

重型柴油机主要含氮化合物的排放特性

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术,研究了加装选择性催化还原SCR装置的重型柴油机主要含氮化合物排放,重点探索了不同工况下主要含氮化合物NO、NO₂和N₂O的排放特性。结果表明:未加装SCR的原机,随负荷的增加,柴油机NO排放持续上升,NO₂排放先升后降,N₂O排放很少。加装SCR后该柴油机NO与NO₂排放均明显下降,标定转速下NO₂排放降幅较大,主要是其NO₂/NO值稍高导致快速SCR反应较多的原因。由于存在SCR副反应,与原机相比,柴油机N₂O排放比原机平均增加2倍以上,最大转矩转速下N₂O排放升幅更高。N₂O排放随负荷的增加而上升,主要是排温升高导致NH₃氧化生成N₂O反应速率增加的原因。加装SCR后,该机排气中的NO/NO_x值要明显低于原机状态,而外特性的NO₂/NO_x值和N₂O/NO_x值高达12.8%和20.7%,均远高于原机的3.0%和0.5%。     

Electroluminescence from electron injection junctions created by carbon and phosphorus ion implantation

A p-type (type IIb) natural diamond was implanted with either carbon or phosphorus ions using the cold implantation rapid annealing (CIRA) process. In each case, the energies and doses were chosen such that upon annealing, the implanted layer would act as an n-type electrode. The electroluminescence (EL) emitted from these carbon and phosphorus junctions, when biased in the forward direction, was compared as a function of annealing and diode temperatures. Typical luminescence bands such as those observed in cathodoluminescence (CL), in particular a blue band A (≈2.9 eV) and a green band (≈2.4 eV), were observed. Two bands centred around ≈2.1 and 4 eV were also observed for both the carbon and phosphorus junctions, whereas a band at ≈4.45 eV appeared only in the phosphorus-implanted junction.     

Electroluminescence from polyvinylcarbazole films: 2. Polyvinylcarbazole films containing antimony pentachloride

A study was made of the optical absorption and electrical conduction of polyvinylcarbazole films that had been reacted with antimony pentachloride to produce a stable population of carbazole dimer cations. The films were semiconductors with low-field conductivities ranging up to about 10^?3 ohm^?1 m^?1 and depending strongly on their SbCl₅ content, while the conduction at high fields was found to be field-dependent. After consideration of various alternatives, a qualitative model is suggested for this conduction which involves positive charge hopping between carbazole dimer crosslinks at a rate depending upon the crosslink concentration and upon temperature-dependent factors such as the relative orientation of neighbouring dimer groups and shifts in molecular energy levels due to small changes in molecular environment throughout the polymer.     

Electron Emission from Diamond Films

Recent studies on electron emission from diamond and related materials are reviewed. The properties of the diamond surface have been carefully investigated with well-defined treatments and it has been confirmed that the hydrogenated diamond surface has a negative electron affinity (NEA). The field electron emission properties of a variety of carbon materials were investigated and remarkable results of high emissivity at low fields were documented. The mechanism for the low field emission was partly attributed to an NEA nature although the emission surface was not always confirmed to have NEA properties. Electron emission devices with NEA diamond surfaces have been developed. An emission device of metal-insulator-semiconductor structure was designed and built and its performance was investigated.     

合成氨系统减排改造

黑龙江黑化集团公司硝铵分厂利用厂内现有设备,对合成氨生产系统中氨蒸发器、循环气压缩机、焦炉气压缩机,氮氢气压缩机等设备排放污水进行治理,使主要污染物氨氮和油类达到环保排放要求,既节省费用,又取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

蛋清中溶菌酶的提取研究

以鸡蛋清为原料 ,控制温度 5℃ ,采用 72 4型树脂吸附 ;再用 φ(H2 SO4 ) =1%的稀硫酸分四次洗脱 ,用NaOH调pH =8 5～ 9 0 ,除去杂质 ;再用c(HCl) =3 0mol/L的盐酸调pH =3 5 ,加入w (NaCl) =5 %的溶液使溶菌酶析出 ,用无水丙酮 0℃干燥即得溶菌酶成品。     

碳排放标识制度初探

发展低碳经济已经成为全球的共识,需要各国人民的共同努力。文章提出的碳排放标识制度,将企业产品的单位碳排放按成本会计的原则进行核算后标识在产品上,便于消费者监督和挑选,也便于政府采取适宜的碳税征收政策去促进企业降低在产品制造和相关活动过程中所产生的碳排放,积极使用清洁能源和可再生能源、购买低碳的原料、降低资源消耗、采取碳固措施,最终实现低碳经济和可持续发展。     

ICP-OES同时测定化探样品中的10种元素

采用HCl O4-HNO3-HF消解样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)同时测定化探样品中Co、Cu、Fe、La、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sr、Ti、Zn十种元素,优化了仪器工作条件及溶样方法。经国家一级标准物质分析验证,方法的准确度高,精密度好,检出限低,操作简单、快速、准确,可应用于批量地质样品中多元素的同时测试。     

Emission inventory of VOCs from mobile sources in a metropolitan region

Based on methodologies developed by US EPA, European EMEP/CORINAIR, and Australian NPI, and the former emission inventory in Korea, two methods were applied to 151 villages in northeastern Seoul, Korea to estimate emission of VOCs from line and area vehicle sources depending on vehicle types with different fuel types. A discharge coefficient method for the line source on the Eastern main road was calculated by multiplying the emission amounts per unit of mileage, and a fuel exhaust coefficient method for the area vehicle sources on other roads was determined as multiplying the emission rates by the actual consumption of excess fuel. Results indicated the methods could be adequate for estimating the amounts of mobile emissions when limited information on mobile emission is available. The methods can be used to develop the emission model for all VOCs emission sources (point and non-point sources), which provides input data of atmospheric models.     

一种汽车排气系统用低排放玻璃纤维的性能分析

玻璃纤维被广泛应用于燃油汽车排气系统中,用以降低排气系统的噪音.通过对公司全新开发的低排放型排气系统用纱Z-TEX-LP和普通型排气系统用纱Z-TEX作基础性能方面的对比分析.结果表明,Z-TEX-LP的玻璃成分、纤维直径、耐热性能、耐酸碱性能与Z-TEX一致;Z-TEX-LP表面涂覆的有机物具有更低的放热峰值和分解温度,在同等质量损失量的情况下,Z-TEX-LP较Z-TEX的分解温度更低.     

Simultaneous methanol removal and destruction from wastewater in a trickle-bed reactor

The stripping of methanol from wastewater was studied in a trickle-bed reactor packed with a mixture of hydrophobic catalyst and hydrophilic support. The process involves air stripping of methanol followed by a gas phase oxidation of methanol into CO₂ and H₂ O over a platinum catalyst. At temperatures between 25 and 70°C, the overall rate was found to be controlled by the stripping step. Since the oxidation results in a lower concentration of methanol in the gas phase, the increased driving force for interfacial mass transfer leads to higher overall methanol removal efficiency.     

Particle Emission Characteristics of a Gas Turbine with a Double Annular Combustor

The total climate, air quality, and health impact of aircraft black carbon (BC) emissions depend on quantity (mass and number concentration) as well as morphology (fractal dimension and surface area) of emitted BC aggregates. This study examines multiple BC emission metrics from a gas turbine with a double annular combustor, CFM56-5B4-2P. As a part of the SAMPLE III.2 campaign, concurrent measurements of particle mobility, particle mass, particle number concentration, and mass concentration, as well as collection of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples, allowed for characterization of the BC emissions. Mass- and number-based emission indices were strongly influenced by thrust setting during pilot combustion and ranged from <1 to 208 mg/kg-fuel and 3 ×× 10¹² to 3 ×× 10¹⁶ particles/kg-fuel, respectively. Mobility measurements indicated that mean diameters ranged from 7 to 44 nm with a strong dependence on thrust during pilot-only combustion. Using aggregation and sintering theory with empirical effective density relationships, a power-law relationship between primary particle diameter and mobility diameter is presented. Mean primary particle diameter ranged from 6 to 19 nm; however, laser-induced incandescence (LII) and mass-mobility-calculated primary particle diameters demonstrated opposite trends with thrust setting. Similarly, mass-mobility-calculated aggregate mass specific surface area and LII-measured surface area were not in agreement, indicating both methods need further development and validation before use as quantitative indicators of primary particle diameter and mass-specific surface area.

Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research