The 2006 Human Liver Proteome Project (HLPP) Workshops

In 2006, scientists participating to the Human Liver Proteome Project (HLPP) launched by the Human Proteome Organisation (HUPO) convened on two occasions to present and discuss their progress. A workshop was held over two days in May in Bilbao, Spain, and a brief 3-hour meeting was held in October in conjunction with the 5(th) HUPO World Congress in Long Beach, California. Highlights included progress on (i) the construction of the human normal liver proteome expression profile and of subcellular proteomes; (ii) establishment of a liver ORFeome bank and of a liver antibody bank; (iii) identifications of protein-protein interaction maps in the liver; (iv) application of a robust strategy for quantitative proteomics; and (v) the characterization of fatty liver diseases using mouse models.     

Toward a Successful Clinical Neuroproteomics The 11th HUPO Brain Proteome Project Workshop 3 March, 2009, Kolymbari, Greece

The HUPO Brain Proteome Project (HUPO BPP) held its 11th workshop in Kolymbari on March 3, 2009. The principal aim of this project is to obtain a better understanding of neurodiseases and ageing, with the ultimate objective of discovering prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, in addition to the development of novel diagnostic techniques and new medications. The attendees came together to discuss sub-project progress in the clinical neuroproteomics of human or mouse models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and to define the needs and guidelines required for more advanced proteomics approaches. With the election of new steering committees, the members of the HUPO BPP elaborated an actual plan promoting activities, outcomes, and future directions of the HUPO BPP to acquire new funding and new participants.     

Conquering the Diversity of the Human Proteome: GeneProt

Proteomics is an emerging scientific discipline focused on the study of the entire differential output of proteins by cells including protein expression, structure, diversity, function, and interaction with other proteins and biomolecules. One speaks of “the” human genome, but there are many proteomes, as the protein output depends on many factors such as tissue or biofluid, age, disease, nutritional status, and even time of day or night! Advances in studies of protein structure have already led to the rational design of novel pharmaceuticals thus paving the way for a revolutionary new way of designing successful new medications. Proteins have been studied for many years by biochemists. However, the principal difference in the old and new biochemistry of proteins is the high-throughput, parallel thinking that is now applied to the study of proteins. JALA has selected a leading proteomics company, GeneProt for an exposé on the exciting business opportunities in this rapidly emerging field.     

Toward the Proteome of the Human Peripheral Blood Eosinophil

Eosinophils (EOSs) are granular leukocytes that have significant roles in many inflammatory and immunoregulatory responses, especially asthma and allergic diseases. We have undertaken a fairly comprehensive proteomic analysis of purified peripheral blood EOSs from normal human donors primarily employing 2‐DE with protein spot identification by MALDI‐MS. Protein subfractionation methods employed included IEF (Zoom^® Fractionator) and subcellular fractionation using differential protein solubilization. We have identified 3141 proteins, which had Mascot expectation scores of 10^?3 or less. Of these 426 were unique and non‐redundant of which 231 were novel proteins not previously reported to occur in EOSs. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that some 70% of the non‐redundant proteins could be subdivided into categories that are clearly related to currently known EOS biological activities. Cytoskeletal and associated proteins predominated among the proteins identified. Extensive protein posttranslational modifications were evident, many of which have not been previously reported that reflected the dynamic character of the EOS. This data set of eosinophilic proteins will prove valuable in comparative studies of disease versus normal states and for studies of gender differences and polymorphic variation among individuals.     

论IT项目的人力资源管理

现代企业的核心竞争力往往是由企业所拥有的人力资源决定,而在软件开发这样的行业当中,人才的作用更是显得关键.人力资源管理是软件企业管理的核心工作.将人员合理的分配的各个开发团队中,在各个开发团队之间进行人员的协调是保证软件项目顺利完工的前提条件.如何充分发挥“人“的作用,对于项目的成败起着至关重要的作用.     

论IT项目的人力资源管理

现代企业的核心竞争力往往是由企业所拥有的人力资源决定,而在软件开发这样的行业当中,人才的作用更是显得关键。人力资源管理是软件企业管理的核心工作,将人员合理的分配的各个开发团队中,在各个开发团队之间进行人员的协调是保证软件项目顺利完工的前提条件。如何充分发挥“人”的作用,对于项目的成败起着至关重要的作用。     

The UK Human Genome Mapping Project online computing service.

This paper presents an overview of computing and networking facilities developed by the Medical Research Council to provide online computing support to the Human Genome Mapping Project (HGMP) in the UK. The facility is connected to a number of other computing facilities in various centres of genetics and molecular biology research excellence, either directly via high-speed links or through national and international wide-area networks. The paper describes the design and implementation of the current system, a 'client/server' network of Sun, IBM, DEC and Apple servers, gateways and workstations. A short outline of online computing services currently delivered by this system to the UK human genetics research community is also provided. More information about the services and their availability could be obtained by a direct approach to the UK HGMP-RC.     

基于蚁群算法的多项目人力资源调度与优化研究

为了解决公司多项目人力资源的调度与优化问题,本文提出一种将公司项目质量最优问题转换成公司全部项目配置人力资源技能水平最优问题的优化方法,在对多项目人力资源调度的问题进行描述的基础上,通过考虑员工技术水平与工时系数,建立公司全部项目的人力资源最优化模型,利用本文所提出的方式对建立的优化模型进行寻优,达到既定迭代次数后结束迭代,从而实现最优化人力资源配置,减少项目周期,提高公司竞争力,可以有效缓解因资源受限导致的人力资源冲突问题.     

Proteome analysis of biological fluids from autoimmune-rheumatological disorders

Autoimmune-rheumatological diseases are worldwide distributed disorders and represent a complex array of illnesses characterized by autoreactivity (reactivity against self-antigens) of T-B lymphocytes and by the synthesis of autoantibodies crucial for diagnosis (biomarkers). Yet, the effects of the autoimmune chronic inflammation on the infiltrated tissues and organs generally lead to profound tissue and organ damage with loss of function (i.e., lung, kidney, joints, exocrine glands). Although progresses have been made on the knowledge of these disorders, much still remains to be investigated on their pathogenesis and identification of new biomarkers useful in clinical practice. The rationale of using proteomics in autoimmune-rheumatological diseases has been the unmet need to collect, from biological fluids that are easily obtainable, a summary of the final biochemical events that represent the effects of the interplay between immune cells, mesenchymal cells and endothelial cells. Proteomic analysis of these fluids shows encouraging results and in this review, we addressed four major autoimmune-rheumatological diseases investigated through proteomic techniques and provide evidence-based data on the highlights obtained in systemic sclerosis, primary and secondary Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.     

Proteome profiling of vitreoretinal diseases by cluster analysis

Vitreous samples collected in retinopathic surgeries have diverse properties, making proteomics analysis difficult. We report a cluster analysis to evade this difficulty. Vitreous and subretinal fluid samples were collected from 60 patients during surgical operation of non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. For controls, we collected vitreous fluid from patients of idiopathic macular hole, epiretinal, and from a healthy postmortem donor. Proteins from these samples were subjected to quantitative proteomics using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. We selected 105 proteins robustly expressed among ca. 400 protein spots and subjected them to permutation test. By using permutation test analysis we observed unique variations in the expression of some of these proteins in vitreoretinal diseases when compared to the control and to each other: (i) the levels of inflammation‐associated proteins such as alpha1‐antitrypsin, apolipoprotein A4, albumin, and transferrin were significantly higher in all four types of vitreoretinal diseases, and (ii) each vitreoretinal disease elevated a unique set of proteins, which can be interpreted based on the pathology of retinopathy. Our protocol will be effective for the study of protein expression in other types of clinical samples of diverse properties.     

Membrane Proteome of Invasive Retinoblastoma: Differential Proteins and Biomarkers

Purpose: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a pediatric ocular cancer which is caused due to the aberrations in the RB1 gene. The changes in the membrane proteomics would help in understanding the development of the retinoblastoma and could identify candidates for biomarkers and therapy. Experimental design: Quantitative proteomics is performed on the enriched membrane fractions from pooled normal retina (n = 5) and pooled retinoblastoma tissues (n = 5). The proteins are tryptic‐digested and tagged with iTRAQ labels. Orbitrap mass spectrometry is used to analyze and quantify the deregulated membrane proteins involved in the RB tumor progression. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to further validate few of the differentially expressed proteins. Results: A total of 3122 proteins are identified of which, 663 proteins are found to be deregulated with ≥two fold change in the RB tumor compared to the retina. 282 proteins are upregulated and 381 are downregulated with ≥2 peptide identifications. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that, most of the proteins are involved in the transport, cellular communication, and growth. Overexpression of lamin B1 (LMNB1) and transferrin receptor (TFRC) are observed in RB tumors using IHC. Conclusion and clinical relevance: The present study, is the first comprehensive quantitative membrane proteomic atlas of the differentially regulated proteins in RB compared to the retina. LMNB1 and TFRC could be potential biomarkers for this childhood cancer.     

数字人体-人体形态和机能计算机仿真百年计划

数字人是在信息时代兴起的跨学科新兴科技领域。是利用计算机技术对人体的形态和机能的仿真。数字人研究分为三个级别：微观(分子、基因、细胞)、中观(组织、器官)、宏观(全身)。数字人研究始于美国国立医学图书馆支持的可视人项目(1991年立项)。2001年美国科学家联盟提出数字人计划,得到国立卫生院承认,美国众议院要求各个政府部门使用数字人概念。我国数字人研究从2001年开始得到863立项,已经取得2个全身断面数字化实验数据集。2002年人类基因组计划提出者DeLiee教授提出为期100年的虚拟人计划建议。基因组研究和数字人研究找到结合点。未来将成为数字人研究的底层。该文回顾了数字人最新研究进展和成果。