热反应鸡肉香精的制备及相关性分析

首先通过响应面优化酶解时间、固液比和酶底比制备风味前体物。其次通过温控氧化(60℃~180℃)制备氧化鸡脂,利用酶解风味前体物、氧化鸡脂、还原糖和氨基酸等辅料进行热反应制备鸡肉香精。通过GC-MS和感官评价对热反应鸡肉香精进行香气分析。利用偏最小二乘分析(PLSR)探究氧化油脂与热反应鸡肉香精风味的相关性。     

加热过程对鸡肉风味前体物质的影响

对比了鸡肉风味前体物质在加热过程中的变化 ,结果表明 ,在加热过程中 ,还原糖总量呈下降趋势 ,可溶性氮总量稍有增加 ,IMP(5’ 磷酸肌苷 )和GMP(5’ 磷酸鸟苷 )的总量则呈先增加后下降 ,呈鲜味的天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸含量持续增加 ,呈甜味的甘氨酸的含量也在增加 ,重要的肉类风味前体物含硫氨基酸———蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸则出现先增加后减少的现象 ,鸡肉中的不饱和脂肪酸 ,特别是亚油酸 ,在加热过程中趋于减少 ,而饱和脂肪酸的含量则变化不大。初步探讨了加热过程中鸡肉风味前体物质变化的机理。     

通过温和Mailard反应改善鸡肉风味的研究

对Mailard反应体系中风味前体物及工艺条件对热反应鸡肉风味的影响进行了研究,并确定出温和Mailard反应改善鸡肉风味的最优水平为:温度95℃;时间100min;pH7;木糖3g/100g;半胱氨酸2.5g/100g;硫胺素2 5g/100g;鸡油5g/100g。     

宰后成熟对鸡肉风味的影响研究进展

受非洲猪瘟与新冠肺炎双重疫情影响,国家出台了"规模养殖、集中屠宰、冷链配送、冰鲜上市"16字发展方针。随着各地活禽交易市场的关闭,经屠宰场统一屠宰的生鲜鸡,逐渐成为人们消费的主流。风味是影响消费者购买欲的重要因素,宰后成熟是不宜食用肌肉转变为可食用肉的关键,在很大程度上影响产品的风味。控制好宰后成熟过程,健全产品冰鲜流通和配送体系,保证鲜品的风味,才能打破传统观念中"即宰即烹"的误区,提高鸡肉品质。加强鸡胴体宰后成熟进程的控制,是改善肉品风味的有效途径。本文介绍了鸡胴体宰后成熟过程、风味前体物质的形成以及宰后成熟的控制对鸡肉风味的影响,以期为鸡肉生产加工提供参考。     

葡萄酒风味与风味酶的研究

葡萄酒的风味是衡量葡萄酒品质的一个重要指标，本文介绍了葡萄中的风味前体物，风味酶及风味酶的酶学性质等，从风味酶对风味前体物水解作用的分析中可以看出，在风味酶的作用下，葡萄中无芳香气味的风味物被水解，并释放出游离态的具有芳香气味的萜烯化合物，从而增强和改善了葡萄酒的风味。     

双指标响应面优化鸡肉酶解工艺

以风味前体物的水解度(DH)及其美拉德反应产物的风味为双指标,结合Box-Behnken响应面优化法,研究鸡肉风味前体物的制备工艺。以鸡脯肉为原料,通过复合蛋白酶酶解,以鸡肉酶解液、还原糖、氨基酸为主要底物进行美拉德反应,获得鸡肉香精。在单因素试验的基础上,得出酶解温度(T)、时间(t)、溶液p H、酶底比(E/S)、固液比(S/L)对水解度和风味的影响。采用Plackett-Burman设计对酶解参数进行显著性筛选,结合BoxBehnken设计响应面优化试验参数。Plackett-Burman设计试验表明,酶解时间、固液比和酶底比为主要影响因素;Box-Behnken设计响应面优化试验表明:酶解工艺最佳条件为固液比1∶3.08、酶底比0.33%、酶解时间3.41h,预测综合得分94.06,实际得分93.86,模型可靠。     

葡萄酒风味修饰研究进展

葡萄与葡萄酒中香气成分以游离态和结合态存在.作者阐述了大量存在的结合态香气,即风味前体物的结构、含量及其研究方法,并论述了葡萄酒中风味修饰机制;介绍了关键酶,即β-D-葡萄糖苷酶的相关特性及其来源,并对风味前体物的研究前景做了展望.     

鸡肉风味品质的评定指标(体系)研究

鸡肉风味品质的评定一直是相关行业研究的热点与难点，由于受主观感觉和客观技术的限制，直至目前为止国内外尚未建立一套完整统一的鸡肉风味品质评定指标(体系)。总结分析了国内外有关研究进展，以感官分析结果为主观判定基础，以理化分析数据为客观衡量标准，初步提出了一套评定鸡肉风味品质的方案，包括感官、物理、化学等各项指标，以期作引玉之砖为相关研究起到一些启发借鉴作用。     

鸡肉中挥发性风味物质及其影响因素的研究进展

鸡肉是重要的肉类来源,它以特殊的味道和较高的营养价值而深受广大消费者的喜爱。鸡肉风味是由肉中水溶性化合物及烹饪过程中发生系列复杂的化学反应形成的挥发性化合物组成,是鸡肉食用品质的特征指标。本文主要综述鸡肉中风味物质的产生途径、风味物质的种类以及在养殖和屠宰期间影响鸡肉风味的要素,为进一步深入探讨鸡肉风味物质形成机制提供科学理论依据。     

超声波辅助卤制雪山鸡的品质和风味分析

为研究超声波技术对卤制鸡肉品质和风味的影响,以雪山鸡作为研究对象,选择功率300 W、频率20 kHz超声波辅助卤制0、30、60、90、120 min,对卤制鸡肉的出品率、颜色、质构、剪切力、感官品质、蛋白质氧化指标、挥发性风味物质进行测定,并进行十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE）分析。结果表明：超声波辅助卤制可以提高鸡肉出品率,在超声90 min时出品率最高为91.43%;超声波处理可以改善卤制鸡肉的色泽和感官品质,显著降低鸡肉的硬度和咀嚼性（P＜0.05）,提高嫩度,超声120 min处剪切力最低为26.49 N;SDS-PAGE结果表明,超声波可以促进鸡肉中130～250 kDa蛋白的降解,使小分子质量蛋白条带增加,并显著影响肌肉的蛋白质氧化状态。基于主成分分析和热图分析,超声波处理会增加鸡肉挥发性风味物质的种类及含量,改善鸡肉风味。因此,与传统卤制工艺相比,超声波辅助卤制提升了鸡肉产品的品质和风味。     

茶香风味鸡肉火腿肠的研制

介绍一种新香型鸡肉火腿肠的研发思路和相关技术;通过对市场现有鸡肉类产品的分析,搭配绿茶的特征香气及茶多酚的养生概念,研制成功茶香风味鸡肉火腿肠;并介绍其生产需要的配方、工艺和过程参数,以及相关的市场分析;该产品旨在丰富国内鸡肉类产品系列,提供新的香气享受给消费者,同时也可扩大清真类产品。     

花生粕蛋白酶解液Maillard反应合成肉类香味料的研究

研究花生粕蛋白水争液结合其它前体物质通过Maillard反应合成肉类香味料,结果表明,脱毒后的花生粕蛋白深度酶解液中,添加适量维生素、半胱氨酸、葡萄糖等物质,在pH5-5.5,115℃,60min,可造成理想肉类香味料,其稀释倍数高达500倍。     

利用鸡骨酶解蛋白开发鸡肉香精产品的设计

肉类香精泛指具有肉类风味的一类食品添加剂,可广泛应用于肉类加工食品和方便食品,肉类香精通常被分为天然肉类香精与合成肉类香精两大类。以肉类蛋白酶解物、还原糖和半胱氨酸等物质为原料,辅以脂质等多种肉香风味的前体物质,通过热反应得到的合成肉味香精。本设计以鸡骨泥为原料,采用复合酶水解制备动物水解蛋白(HAP),再以HAP为基料,通过美拉德反应制备鸡肉香精,探究鸡肉香精的生产工艺。     

Determination of some water-soluble aroma precursors in goat meat and their enrolment on flavour profile of goat meat

Selected water-soluble precursors, including sugars, free amino acids and nucleotides, were quantified in raw and cooked goat meat, as a part of a study which the main aim was to better understand the aroma formation in goat meat. When compared with the same precursors in beef, lamb and chicken, levels in goat meat were generally similar, except for fructose and glycine, which were present at higher concentrations in goat meat. Fructose, glucose, IMP, and cysteine suffered the greatest losses during the cooking process and seem to be most involved in aroma formation in goat meat. The effects of these precursor changes on the volatile compound composition and formation process of them on cooked goat meat are discussed.     

Natural and simulated meat flavors (with particular reference to beef)

Current information relating to the chemical composition of both natural and simulated meat flavors is presented, with particular reference to beef flavor. The origin of natural meat flavor is described in terms of the nature of the precursors and the formation pathways of volatile components contributing to meat flavor. A table listing the aroma components of natural beef is included and their relative contributions to the overall flavor is considered. The historical development of commercial meat flavorings is traced from the early spice blends and meat extracts to the thermally produced imitation meat flavors (processed meat flavorings) including “reaction products” and flavorings derived from natural meat. Some G.B. and U.S. “reaction products” patents and meat flavor contributing compounds patented since 1960 are summarized in tabular form.     

Sensory acceptability of raw and extruded bovine rumen protein in processed meat products

The use of bovine rumen protein (raw and extruded) as a replacement for extruded soy protein concentrate in three meat products (pork sausage, chicken hamburger, and kibbe) was investigated. Similarity between rumen and soy protein meat products was assessed using triangle tests and sensory acceptability evaluated by consumer panelists using a nine-point hedonic scale. The addition of raw rumen protein was detected in all meat product types tested, while extruded rumen protein was only detected in kibbe. The addition of raw rumen protein decreased the acceptability of pork sausage aroma and flavor, but improved kibbe appearance, texture and overall acceptability. The addition of extruded rumen protein reduced the acceptability of chicken hamburger texture, but improved pork sausage flavor. Replacement of soy protein by bovine rumen protein is feasible based upon sensory results, but depended upon its form and the type of meat product to which it was added.     

Descriptive Sensory Analysis of Irradiated Frozen or Refrigerated Chicken

The effects of irradiation of refrigerated and frozen chicken on sensory properties were investigated on skinless boneless breasts (white) and leg quarters (dark). Irradiation did not affect appearance of moistness and glossiness of raw chicken (white or dark). Leg quarters irradiated while refrigerated were darker (p 0.05) than controls (nonirradiated chicken). Raw irradiated chicken had higher “fresh chickeny,” bloody, and sweet aromatic aroma intensities compared to nonirradiated samples. Cooked irradiated frozen dark meat had more chicken flavor, and cooked irradiated refrigerated dark meat was more tender than controls. No other sensory attributes of cooked chicken were affected. The state at which chicken had been irradiated (refrigerated or frozen) did not affect sensory properties.     

基于固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法结合相对气味活度值分析影响牦牛肉风味的关键化合物

目的 辨别影响不同部位牦牛肉风味特征及关键化合物。方法 采用固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱法(solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,SPME-GC-MS)和电子鼻检测技术,运用相对气味活度值(relative odor activity value,ROAV)、偏最小二乘法(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)分析影响牦牛肉风味的关键化合物。结果 牦牛肉共检测出60种化合物,醛类是牦牛肉含量最高化合物类别。ROAV最终确定影响牦牛肉风味关键化合物是:2-乙基-1-己醇、2-乙酰吡咯、壬醛、烯丙基甲基硫醚、辛醛、苯乙醛、丁酸、己醛、己酸、苯甲醛、1-辛醇、2-戊基-呋喃、间二甲苯13种共有化合物。其中,2-乙基-1-己醇使牦牛肉呈现芳香味,壬醛、辛醛带来清涩香味,烯丙基甲基硫醚、2-乙酰吡咯、2-戊基-呋喃使牦牛肉呈现烤肉、烤面包的香气,苯乙醛使牦牛肉具有花香气。影响牦牛肉风味的变量投影重要度值大于1的关键化合物:2-乙基-1-己醇、苯甲...