用激光喇曼光谱仪分析空气污染微粒

美国国家标准局的科学家研制成一种新的仪器，可以对非常小的粒子，如1微米或稍大一点的粒子进行例行分析。这种称为激光激发显微喇曼光谱仪的装置对研究空气污染问题中极小粒子的作用的科学工作者特别有用。     

用全息照相法记录液流

借助于揭示流体三维运动的全息照相装置，可以研究流体的对流。这种装置消除了诸如窗口和透镜上固定灰尘的映像，这种像可能掩盖着运动流体粒子的行为。     

片上生物工厂技术的进展

微型片上生物工厂能够快速分析少量粒子，是应用于医学、生物细胞诊断学、化合物检测以及水质控制等领域的集成系统。这种装置利用粒子的介电特性，采用双向电泳的直流电动力现象、行波双向电泳以及电转动对微粒进行处理。分离和定性。生物工厂的组合应用出现了许多制作技术问题，本文将对此进行讨论。例如，用激光切削光刻电极之间的电路通孔实现多层电极之间的牢固连接。另外，用准分子激光加工技术可以消除粒子阻滞问题。从而可使样品在交叉弯曲处平滑运动，生物工厂装置已经用来分离微生物，例如从红细胞中分离大肠杆菌，其独立性、低成本以及小型化的灵活设计使其具有生物处理功能。     

量子纠缠和量子操作对CHSH量子博弈优越性的影响

已有的大多数有关量子博弈的研究只关注粒子处在最大纠缠态和特定的量子操作时模型的优越性。在实际应用中，所用粒子可能偏离最大纠缠态，量子操作也可能存在一定的偏差。基于此，研究了这两方面对CHSH量子博弈模型优越性的影响。结果表明，当粒子处在特定纠缠态时，量子获胜概率 并不总是大于经典获胜概率 ，采用不同的量子旋转门操作可以达到的最大量子获胜概率 随着量子态纠缠度的增大而增大。在 对应的量子门旋转角附近，某些旋转角范围对应的 变化较小。这些研究对量子博弈的应用提供了理论指导。     

激光光阱中微粒的光致旋转

光致旋转是实现微机械马达的有效手段，它是在光镊（或者称激光光阱）对微粒的三维操作基础上又增加了一维角向的操作，这对微操作是具有重要意义的。光镊的出现促进了光致旋转的发展，本文概述了近年来国际上利用光镊实现光致旋转的研究进展。根据所利用的自旋角动量和轨道角动量的动量类型，讨论了现有的多种光致旋转方法，并进行了比较，给出所用样品粒子的种类及特性、光束和实验装置的特点以及最终所获得的结果。     

基于重叠分类和腐蚀速率的重叠径迹分离方法

粒子径迹的严重重叠粘连会影响粒子径迹的测量精确度。提出一种基于径迹重叠分类的严重粘连重叠核径迹分离测量新方法。首先，按照重叠粒子径迹中心的相互包含性，对重叠粘连的粒子径迹进行分类，以辨别粒子粘连的严重程度；然后，以等比缩小一半的非粘连重叠的粒子径迹图像为结构元素，对粘连重叠粒子径迹显微图像进行有限次腐蚀操作，有效分离了严重粘连重叠的粒子径迹，形成了四类径迹分类图像。实验结果表明，结合新的分类方法和有限腐蚀能够分割严重粘连重叠的径迹图像，消除径迹重叠粘连对图像测量精确度的影响。     

基于纠缠交换的量子信息签名方案

该文提出了一种利用纠缠粒子对交换的量子信息签名方案。在该签名方案中,Alice根据消息的编码对自己的纠缠粒子对作一局域操作,在与系统管理员及Bob进行粒子对交换后测量的结果即为消息的签名,Bob根据三方测量结果可以验证签名。该方案具有绝对的安全性,可以应用在量子通信网络中,同时还具有量子身份认证的功能,并且在现有技术条件上完全能够实现。     

用于粒子场图像速度分析的新型光源装置

介绍了一种用于粒子图像速度分析（ＰＩＶ）的光源装置。利用该装置可在间得到一组相互平行的“光切面”，用于精确、快速地对复杂流场分布进行分析。     

一种基于QMC-APF的检测前跟踪算法

针对粒子滤波检测前跟踪算法中存在的粒子数目大,导致计算量和存储量大的问题,提出了一种基于拟蒙特卡罗的辅助粒子滤波检测前跟踪算法。该算法通过引入拟蒙特卡罗思想,产生低差异序列代替原来算法中的伪随机序列,使得粒子分布更加均匀,可以有效降低粒子数;采用辅助粒子滤波算法,对粒子进行两次加权操作。实验仿真表明,在对雷达弱目标进行检测与跟踪的过程中,该算法能够在保证算法性能的同时减少算法中的粒子数目,有效降低计算量和存储量。     

基于光散射的实时气溶胶粒子形状识别技术研究

利用米氏散射理论和时域有限差分(FDTD)软件计算了不同大小、形状和折射率粒子的前向散射光场分布,分析了通过光强度分布和非对称因子反演粒子相关信息、区分粒形的可行性。研制了一台利用增强型CCD相机在线采集单个气溶胶粒子在5°~19°前向散射角范围内光场图样的装置。8μm粒径的聚苯乙烯球形粒子散射图样实验结果与理论计算对比较为吻合,验证了该装置的有效性。应用该装置对不同形状的气溶胶粒子进行检测,结果表明能够从散射图像和反演计算结果区分出球形、杆状和其他形状粒子。     

Liquid Marble Patchwork on Super-Repellent Surface

Liquid marble (LM) is a droplet that is wrapped by hydrophobic solid particles, which behave as a non-wetting soft solid. Based on these properties, LM can be applied in fluidics and soft device applications. A wide variety of functional particles have been synthesized to form functional LMs. However, the formation of multifunctional LMs by integrating several types of functional particles is challenging. Here, a general strategy for the flexible patterning of functional particles on droplet surfaces in a patchwork-like design is reported. It is shown that LMs can switch their macroscopic behavior between a stable and active state on super-repellent surfaces in situ by jamming/unjamming the surface particles. Active LMs hydrostatically coalesce to form a self-sorted particle pattern on the droplet surface. With the support of LM handling robotics, on-demand cyclic activation–manipulation–coalescence–stabilization protocols by LMs with different sizes and particle types result in the reliable design of multi-faced LMs. Based on this concept, a single bi-functional LM is designed from two mono-functional LMs as an advanced droplet carrier.     

A Combined Circuit-Electromagnetic-Fluidic Computational Methodology for Force Prediction in Lab-on-Chip Environments

This paper focuses on a computational method for the simulation of the motion and manipulation of bio-particles using dielectrophoretic and micro-fluidic forces. The presented method uses surface integral equations for modeling both electromagnetic (EM) and fluidic domains. A coupled circuit-EM methodology is used to model electrical excitations. A steady Stokes flow is assumed for computing the fluidic traction forces. The resulting simulator accurately predicts the fields and forces on arbitrarily-shaped three dimensional particles representing bio-species. The presented methodology is amenable to acceleration with state of the art oct-tree-based fast matrix-vector schemes for rapid linear time iterative solution. This integrated computational approach leads to a pathway for rapid simulation of coupled circuit-EM-fluidic systems for Lab-on-chip (LoC) manipulation of biological species, which provides medical device designers the capability to augment control of bio-species, and explore new system designs     

Robust control of a planar manipulator for flexible and contactless handling

Many industries require non-contact and flexible manipulation systems, such as magnetic or pneumatic devices. In this paper, we describe a one-degree-of-freedom position control of an induced-air flow surface. This device allows to convey objects on an air cushion using an original aerodynamic traction principle. A model of the system is established and the parameters are identified experimentally. A H_∞ robust controller is designed and implemented on the device in order to control the object position. Experiments with objects of various dimensions and materials are conducted and showed the robustness capabilities of the controller.     

Targeted Single‐Cell Therapeutics with Magnetic Tubular Micromotor by One‐Step Exposure of Structured Femtosecond Optical Vortices

Selective manipulation of specific single cells for therapeutics is important and highly desirable in biomedical research. As a simple and maneuverable tool, tubular micromotors have displayed appealing applications in encapsulation and transportation of cells. However, so far there are no reports on the simultaneous transportation of target single cells and the drugs with microtubes in a custom arrayed environment for targeted therapeutics. Moreover, fabrication of microtubes with 3D features in a reproducible and single‐step fashion, while, endowing them with the ability of remote control, remains challenging. In this study, a novel method for one‐step fabrication of magnetic 3D tubular micromotors by single exposure of structured optical vortices in a magnetic photoresist is presented. The size and geometry of fabricated microtubes are flexibly controlled in three dimensions. Precise propelling of the tubular micromotors and precise capture, targeted delivery, and release of SiO₂ microparticles are realized. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, in situ observation of the development of doxorubicin in Hela cells for therapeutic study is performed by targeted delivery of single cells and drug particles. The technology is simple and stable, which has promising applications in targeted cell therapy, drug screening, single cell studies, and other biomedical areas.     

侧向光散射式颗粒计数技术的研究

分析了一种光学颗粒计数器设计技术的理论和方法 ,并研制了一套用于颗粒计数的实验装置。经过实验验证 ,该装置能够对液体介质中的颗粒状杂质的数量和粒径进行检测。试验表明 ,该装置不仅能够测量大颗粒 ,而且还能够检测较小的颗粒。     

Controlled pushing of nanoparticles: modeling and experiments

A nano-robotic manipulation system using an atomic force microscope probe as the pushing manipulator and force and topology sensor is proposed. The task is the two-dimensional positioning of nanometer-size particles on a substrate in ambient conditions. Thus, the modeling of interaction forces and dynamics during the pushing operation is analyzed, and compared with the experimental results for an improved understanding of the nano scale physical phenomenon which is different from macro scale physics. Simulations and experiments are held for determining the conditions and strategies for reliable manipulation, and determining the affecting parameters. The results show that the latex particles with 242- and 484-nm radii can be positioned on Si substrates successfully with around 30-nm accuracy, and the behavior of the particle motion during pushing can be predicted from the experimental data     

A cooperative optimization strategy for distributed multi-robot manipulation with obstacle avoidance and internal performance maximization

Reactive multi-robot manipulation can be of great assistance in many applications. In this article a distributed cooperation strategy for object manipulation with multiple robots in un-modelled environments is proposed to tackle workpiece transportation and dynamic obstacle avoidance simultaneously. A decentralised optimisation process will run first to generate robot pose references and then a joint-level control is responsible for tracking. Since in multi-arm manipulation systems the available workspace for each robot is more restricted, necessary internal performance optimisation is also included in the planning phase. A velocity-level optimum will be solved and then transformed to a position-level control reference so that it can be combined with many compliant interactive controllers such as impedance control. Although no torque or force sensor is required and each robot only has access to local information, when avoiding obstacles the coordination strategy can generate synchronised group motion so that internal forces are avoided. Only task-space variables will be communicated, therefore it is easy to team up different types of robots, making the system more flexible. Simulation and experiments with two redundant manipulators have been done to validate the proposed design, and data show that the online computation speed is fast.     

同轴载气送粉激光熔覆粉末流参数研究

同轴气动送粉激光熔覆过程中,金属粉末落入熔池的速度、浓度的分布等物理参数对熔覆层的形貌有一定的影响。DPIV(d igital partic le im age veloc im etry)是试验确定粉末流运动规律的有效方法,通过建立DPIV试验装置,对同轴载气送粉装置输送的粉末的速度、浓度进行了取值计算。结果表明,随气体流量的增加粉末的浓度有一定的减少。沿z轴方向,存在发散汇聚在发散的变化,粉末粒子流量与粒子速度在一定范围内有线性关系,超出Mp=0.33g/s~0.83g/s,Vp=0~1.3m/s范围,其影响将减弱。     

Development of 2-DOF tilting actuator with remote center of rotation for human operated non-contact handling tool

This paper describes the development of a new and unique 2-DOF tilting actuator that has a remote center of rotation. The tilting actuator is part of a non-contact handling tool that allows thin contact sensitive objects like silicon wafers or coated sheet metal to be manipulated without any contact between the tool and the object. Tilting is necessary to keep the object aligned with the levitator during large planar accelerations, similar to how a waiter tilts a tray of beverages during transport. A feed-forward tilt implementation based on known acceleration eliminates the need of sensor, but it requires that the center of rotation coincides with the center of mass of the levitated object to avoid disturbances by the tilting action. This is realized by a mechanical solution of a dome-shaped structure that is supported by three ball bearings on the inner surface. The tilting actuator is attached to an in-house developed admittance controlled SCARA-type haptic device, which allows both automated and human operated manipulation. In this collaborative system, where the haptic device assists the human operator in real time, the human operator can successfully perform the manipulation task with ease and without failure, which would not have been possible without the haptic assistance.