分布式陆面-水文模型在淮河流域的应用

分布式水文模型是模拟地表径流、研究流域水循环的有效手段,以淮河流域为研究对象,利用数字高程DEM(digital elevation model)、全球植被覆盖数据、土壤结构资料等构建气象数据驱动下的分布式陆面-水文模型,根据1980-1982年淮河流域水文站实测数据进行模型参数率定,采用相对误差、确定性系数和Nash效率系数作为衡量指标来验证模型的模拟精度,并对比淮河流域主要水文站实测逐日径流量与模拟值,分析该模型对洪水流量的模拟效果.研究结果表明,该分布式陆面-水文模型具有较高的模拟精度,能较好地模拟流域水文过程,可用于变化环境下的水循环过程模拟和流域水文响应研究.     

分布式流域水文物理模型的应用和检验

应用BBMW流域资料来检验分布式流域水文物理模型 ,分析探讨径流形成原理及地表径流的空间分布规律 ,并与新安江模型的模拟结果进行比较 .5场洪水过程模拟的模型效率系数为 85 .2 % ,水量守恒指数为 0 .98,模拟效果较好 ,略高于新安江三水源模型     

黄河流域时变增益分布式水文模型(Ⅰ)——模型的原理与结构

针对黄河流域气候变化与人类活动对流域水资源量的变化影响问题,建立了一大尺度分布式时变增益水文模型(DTVGM).DTVGM是系统论与物理机制相结合的水文模型.它能够在一定程度上解决无资料(缺资料)地区的水文问题(PUB).模型主要分为自然情况下产流与人类活动影响两大模块.     

基于GIS的LLCHEN-A分布式水文模型与水资源预测

构建了一种以地理信息系统技术为支撑,充分利用DEM高程数据、土壤类型数字化、土地利用遥感数据等数字化信息以及考虑流域水资源利用情况的数字流域分布式水文模型(命名为LLCHEN-A模型).该模型产汇流原理采用了通用的水量平衡原理和蓄泄关系,模型代码全部是自编源代码,模型集成上除了融雪产汇流模块外,还有暴雨径流产汇流模块和水资源利用模块,使得模型具有适应性,能广泛适用于融雪地区、暴雨径流地区及河口地区的洪水预报和水资源预测,同时水循环模拟对象也从汛期洪水径流扩大到全年的水资源模拟.多个水文变量过程计算结果分析表明:该模型结构合理,计算的各环节水文过程符合实际水文规律.将模型应用于暴雨径流为主的杭州瓶窑以上东苕溪流域,应用实例表明该模型在水资源模拟与预测中能取得较好的效果.     

基于GIS的分布式月水量平衡模型及其应用

应用地理信息系统 (GIS)技术 ,在MapInfo平台上建立分布式流域水文模型 ,模拟赣江流域的径流过程 ,探讨月水量平衡模型参数的地区分布规律 ,计算各网格的径流深和水资源量 ,并与实测值进行比较 .结果表明模拟径流深与实测径流深吻合良好 ,年径流的相对误差可控制在 10 %以内     

TOPMODEL模型探讨

从TOPMODEL的基本假设分析入手 ,讨论了该模型的物理概念和模型总体结构 ,同时比较了它与传统集总式模型和分布式水文模型的差别 ,指出TOPMODEL模型比传统水文模型对实际水文过程的模拟更贴切 ,更易于实现数据的更新 ,又比分布式水文模型结构简单 ,优选参数少 ,便于使用 ;目前国内外TOPMODE模型理论及应用的发展大多集中在参数的变化和基本方程的形式上 ,需要进一步研究一些理论问题 ,如具体应用时模型微结构的调整、地形指数计算方法等 .     

基于栅格式SCS模型的分布式水文模型研究

利用基于栅格分布的土地利用类型和土壤类型,通过将SCS模型改进为栅格式的SCS模型,并结合栅格式Clark单位线汇流方法,构建了一个具有松散耦合型分布式水文模型.该模型结构简单,模型参数较少,所需流域特性资料容易获取,对流域具有较强的适应性,并可以获得流域栅格分布式的产流结果.本研究将该模型应用到欧阳海流域上,构建洪水预报模型进行场次洪水过程模拟,并与新安江模型模拟结果进行对比.模拟结果表明,所构建的松散结构分布式水文模型具有较高的模拟精度,能够应用到实际的洪水预报中.     

基于DEM的黄河多沙粗沙区分布式水沙耦合模型研究

基于栅格型DEM数据,提取数字水系和空间拓扑信息,构建由水文模块和泥沙模块两部分组成的黄土高原多沙粗沙区小流域分布式水沙耦合模型.以黄河无定河水系岔巴沟流域为例,应用所建立的模型对该流域1970年～1989年11场洪水进行流量沙量过程模拟.其中10场洪水模拟的确定性系数在0.7以上,11场洪水的含沙量模拟相对误差都在15%以下.结果表明,模型具有一定的计算精度,一定程度证实了所研发模型的结构、参数和计算方法的合理性.     

一个雨雪混合洪水预报模型及其应用

在总结暴雨融雪混合洪水形成规律的基础上,讨论了雨雪混合产流模型结构,利用临界温度来判断降水的形式和融雪因子,同时考虑降雨引起的融雪量,结合LL-Ⅰ分布式水文模型建立一个雨雪混合洪水预报模型.利用新疆塔城地区喀浪古尔河流域暴雨融雪洪水资料进行模拟和验证.模拟和验证结果表明,预报模型具有较高的精度,其确定性系数超过0.80.     

基于分布式水文模型的流域输沙过程模拟

根据黄土丘陵沟壑区藉河流域1962—2008年的逐日水文、气象资料,建立了空间数据库和属性数据库,采用分布式水文模型SWAT对该区过去近50年的输沙变化进行了模拟和验证.结果表明,年均输沙量在校准期与验证期内的模拟值和实测值保持比较一致的趋势性变化,但验证期的模拟效果不如校准期的;月均输沙量在校准期模拟值和实测值的相对误差Re、决定系数R2、效率系数Ens分别为7.5%,0.862,0.764,验证期内则分别为8.9%,0.535,0.474,模型验证效果不太好,类似于年均输沙量模拟,且月均输沙量的模拟效果不如年均输沙量的.     

A distributed hydrological model with its application to the Jinghe watershed in the Yellow River Basin

For the purpose of water resources management in the Yellow River Basin with highly spatial difference a daily distributed hydrological model was proposed, of which the determination of spatially-distributed parameters and model inputs processing were performed by means of GIS/RS. In the model, the computation of runoff, yield was based on the topography index method and flow routing was modeled by Maskingum method. The operation of the model is followed by means of “command structure” technique based upon the topography of river network. A case study using the model was conducted for the Jinghe watershed, which locates at the middle Yellow River Basin. The simulation of the hydrological processes in 1996 has shown that water quantity balance errors were less than 5% and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient arrived at 0.7, indicating that the model structure is justifiable, and the precision of the model can satisfy the purpose of water resources management.     

A distributed hydrological model with its application to the Jinghe watershed in the Yellow River Basin

TheYellowRiverBasincoversalargeportionofChina,consistingofcomplicatedlandformswithnoticeabledifferencesfromoneareatoanother.Undertheimpactsofatmosphericcirculationsandmonsoonsystems,itsdifferentpartsareinfluencedgreatlybydissimilarclimate,leadingtoappreciablespatialvariabilityofthelandsurfaceandmeteorologicalaspects,whichhasresultedinthecomplicationofhydrologicalcycleinthebasin[1].Thedistributedhydrologicalmodel,withthespatialdistributioncharactersofmodelstructuresandparameters,isnowconsidere…     

Necessity and feasibility for an ET-based modern water resources management strategy: A case study of soil water resources in the Yellow River Basin

The necessity and feasibility of an ET-based modern water resources management was analyzed to improve assessment of critical water resources scarcity in the region/basin. This analysis was based on the whole water cycle process and its analysis object is evapotranspiration (ET), a main consumption component in the water resources dynamic transformation process. A case study was undertaken by selecting soil water resources in the Yellow River Basin and employing the WEP-L distributed hydrological model with...     

黄河流域水资源问题及21世纪供需展望

黄河流域内水资源缺乏。流域内水资源的总供给与总需求严重失衡。本文论述了目前黄河流域水资源的主要问题及未来远景供需水资源展望与远景供需分析,并提出探索性对策。     

一个雨雪混合洪水预报模型及其应用

在总结暴雨融雪混合洪水形成规律的基础上，讨论了雨雪混合产流模型结构，利用临界温度来判断降水的形式和融雪因子，同时考虑降雨引起的融雪量，结合LI-Ⅰ分布式水文模型建立一个雨雪混合洪水预报模型．利用新疆塔城地区喀浪古尔河流域暴雨融雪洪水资料进行模拟和验证．模拟和验证结果表明，预报模型具有较高的精度，其确定性系数超过0．80．     

Web GIS design and realization for groundwater resources in the Yellow River basin

This article brings forward a design and realization scheme of Web GIS in the Yellow River basin for the management of groundwater resources. The main goals are to manage and share data of massive-scale, to support the research of groundwater resources in the Yellow River basin. In this paper we point out the necessity and feasibility of building the distributed Web GIS for geographical research objects on a large scale. We put forward some solutions for the construction of this kind of system including a holistic deployment strategy in the Internet, a scheme of distributed data storage and management, a design of application structure based on three tires architecture by each province and how they collaborate with each other. It also illuminates how the application server works, and sets forth the relations among databases which work together in this system.     

Web GIS design and realization for groundwater resources in the Yellow River basin

1PrefaceInthelastfewyears,thetechnologyofGeographicalInformationSystem(GIS)hasbeenwidelyusedandplayedagreatroleinthescientificresearchandproductionintheYellowRiverbasin.Uptonow,alotofdepartmentshavealreadydevelopedspecializedGISproductsorputforwardtherelevantdesignsofGISintheYellowRiverbasinfortheresearchofdifferentreachesanddifferentsubjectsofthisregion.TheCFCCfortheYellowRiverConservancyCommissionhasbuiltadatabasesys-temforthelowreachesoftheYellowRiverforthefloodpreventionin1991[1]…     

Theory and practice of runoff space-time distribution

Based on the domestic and foreign concerning researches, this paper submits the runoff space-time distribution theory which shows evident scientific significances and powerful practical functions. On the basis of digital basin unit cell deriving from the digital elevation model (DEM) and assumption of linear confluence, this theory has been applied successfully to the runoff correlation researches in humid regions. In order to prove the adaptability of the theory in arid and semi-drought regions, this paper is used to the runoff correlation an alysis in Wuding River basin—a tributary of Yellow River Basin, and has gained preliminary effective verification.