20%C/Cu复合材料的载流摩擦磨损性能

采用冷压成型和热等静压烧结技术制备了20%C/Cu复合材料,研究了它在干摩擦条件下的载流摩擦磨损性能,并分析了它的磨损机理。结果表明:随着载荷增加,载流和非载流条件下的磨损率均逐渐增大,第三体的形成使摩擦因数不断降低;随着滑动速度增大,载流和非载流条件下的摩擦因数呈微小的上升趋势,磨损率则先增大后降低;载流条件下复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率比非载流时的均有所下降,载流条件下第三体的润滑作用加强,提高了材料的耐磨性;复合材料的磨损过程中存在黏着磨损、磨粒磨损和剥层磨损,且在磨损表面上并未发现电弧烧蚀的痕迹。     

载流条件下的1Cr18Ni9Ti/浸金属碳摩擦磨损性能研究

在销-盘摩擦磨损试验机上试验了载荷、速度、电流对1Cr18Ni9Ti/浸金属碳对磨时的摩擦因数、磨损量及磨损形貌的影响。试验结果表明,载荷对1Cr18Ni9Ti/浸金属碳摩擦副的摩擦因数和销试样的磨损率有显著影响:载荷越大,摩擦因数越大,磨损率越低;摩擦因数、磨损率与速度的关系受载荷的制约。当低载时,以电流影响为主。销试样的磨损表面出现了粘着磨损,氧化磨损和电弧烧蚀。     

载流条件下铬青铜/纯铜摩擦副摩擦磨损性能研究

在自制的销盘摩擦磨损试验机上,对铬青铜/纯铜摩擦副进行载流条件下的干滑动模拟试验,研究了电流、速度、载荷对铬青铜/纯铜摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。试验结果表明:电流是影响摩擦副摩擦磨损性能最显著的因素,摩擦因数和磨损率都随着电流的增大而增大;速度和载荷对摩擦因数和磨损率也有显著影响;电流的存在,摩擦副间产生了比无电流时更严重的粘着磨损和塑性变形,同时增加了电化学腐蚀,使磨损更加严重。     

空气/氮气气氛下电流和摩擦速度对C/C复合材料载流摩擦磨损性能的影响

在空气/氮气气氛下研究了电流、摩擦速度、载荷等试验参数对C/C复合材料载流磨损率和摩擦因数的影响,并对磨损表面的形貌和成分进行了观察和分析。结果表明:随着电流和摩擦速度增大,C/C复合材料的磨损率和摩擦因数均增大;相较于空气气氛,氮气气氛下的摩擦因数较高,磨损率较低;空气气氛中炭材料的氧化加剧了材料的磨损,使得磨损率较高,而摩擦过程中材料表面形成的氧化膜使得摩擦因数较低。     

铜-10%石墨合金的载流摩擦磨损性能

为提高铜基合金的载流摩擦磨损性能,采用粉末冶金方法制备了含10%石墨的铜基合金,并在自制的销盘式载流摩擦磨损试验机上进行了不同电流和滑动速度下的摩擦磨损试验.结果表明:与不含石墨的铜合金相比较,在不同电流和滑动速度下,加入10%石墨铜合金的摩擦因数和磨损率均降低,耐磨性能明显提高,摩擦因数稳定.     

雨水环境下碳陶复合材料的载流摩擦磨损性能

采用销-盘摩擦磨损试验机对制动闸片用碳陶复合材料开展了雨水环境下的载流摩擦磨损试验，研究了不同摩擦条件下碳陶复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：在无载流的雨水环境中，随着雨水流量由0增大到1 mL·min^-1,碳陶复合材料的表面粗糙度显著下降，摩擦因数和磨损率小幅度降低，磨损机理主要为剥落和轻微的氧化磨损；在无雨水的载流条件下，随着电流强度由0增加到100 A,表面粗糙度和摩擦因数均显著下降，磨损率明显升高，主要磨损机理为剥落、磨粒磨损、黏着磨损和电弧烧蚀；相对于单因素作用，在载流和雨水的共同作用下，表面粗糙度和摩擦因数明显降低，但磨损率随着雨水流量或电流强度增加的规律不明显，磨损机理为剥落、氧化磨损、磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。     

电流对黄铜/Al2O3弥散强化铜合金摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响

根据列车受电弓系统的实际工况条件,在自制的销-盘式载流摩擦磨损试验机上研究了Al2O3弥散强化铜合金销试样和黄铜（H62）盘试样摩擦副在载流条件下的滑动摩擦磨损性能,试验条件为速度20m/s、载荷0.63MPa、电流25-75A。试验结果表明,电流对黄铜/Al2O3弥散强化铜合金摩擦副的滑动干摩擦行为具有显著影响。随电流的增加,销试样的磨损率增加,摩擦因数增大,试样表层发生了磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

铜-二硫化钼粉末冶金材料的载流摩擦磨损性能研究

将MoS2粉末与铜粉、镍粉、铁粉、铅粉均匀混合后冷压并经880℃烧结,制备了Cu-10%MoS2和Cu-20%MoS22种销试样。以铬青铜QCr0.5为盘试样,采用自制的载流摩擦磨损试验机,研究了铜-二硫化钼粉末冶金材料的载流摩擦磨损性能。研究结果表明:在有电流条件下,加入MoS2可显著降低铜基粉末冶金/铬青铜配副的摩擦因数和铜基粉末冶金材料磨损率,10%和20%MoS2含量的粉末冶金试样的磨损率相差不显著,20%MoS2含量的摩擦因数在高速时有所增加。     

接触压力对碳滑板/铜接触线载流摩擦磨损性能的影响

控制电流为250 A,滑动速度为160 km/h,在接触压力50,70,90,110,130 N下,在环-块式载流摩擦磨损试验设备上进行接触压力对碳滑板/铜接触线载流摩擦磨损性能的影响试验,用光学显微镜对滑块的磨损形貌进行观察.结果表明:随着接触压力的减小,滑块的磨损形貌由以较光滑磨损面为主过渡到以受电弧飞溅影响磨损面和多麻坑磨损面为主,主要磨损形式由磨粒磨损过渡到电弧烧蚀磨损,摩擦因数的过渡阶段逐渐明显,稳定阶段的摩擦因数逐渐增大;碳滑板的磨损率随着试验的进行进入稳定期,稳定期磨损率随着接触压力的增加先减小后增加,呈“U”形分布;接触压力的增加可以降低电弧功率和离线率;从碳滑板的磨损率和载流稳定性综合考虑,90 N为最佳接触压力.     

表面粗糙度对黄铜/铬青铜摩擦副载流摩擦磨损性能影响的研究

以黄铜/铬青铜为摩擦副,在销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机上进行了载流摩擦学特性研究,探讨了载流条件下摩擦副的表面粗糙度对摩擦学特性的影响.结果表明:摩擦副表面粗糙度存在一个最佳值,使质量磨损率最小,载流效率、载流稳定性也较好;摩擦因数先随表面粗糙度的降低而升高,当表面粗糙度降低到一定程度以后摩擦因数的变化趋于平稳.质量磨损率随着表面粗糙度的降低先减小后增大;载流导致质量磨损率增大,且随着电流密度的增大,这种影响更加显著.     

载流下MoS2/Ag纳米复合薄膜摩擦学性能

MoS₂基纳米复合薄膜具有良好的摩擦学性能,但较差的导电性能限制了其在载流条件下作为润滑材料的应用。为提高MoS₂基纳米复合薄膜的导电性能,采用非平衡磁控溅射系统沉积2种不同Ag含量的MoS₂/Ag纳米复合薄膜,并在不同的电流条件下研究MoS₂/Ag纳米复合薄膜与GCr15钢球对摩时的摩擦学性能。结果表明：在载流下2种MoS₂/Ag纳米复合薄膜表现出相似的摩擦性能,而低掺杂MoS₂/Ag薄膜具有更佳的耐磨性能,这归因于低掺杂MoS₂/Ag薄膜具有较好的力学性能;无载流时,MoS₂/Ag纳米复合薄膜在摩擦过程中生成的氧化物颗粒增加了磨损、降低了润滑性,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损;电流小于0.5 A时,电流促进了转移膜形成,使得摩擦因数降低,但磨损率增加,磨损机制主要为黏着磨损;当电流大于0.5 A时,由于电弧烧蚀加速了薄膜的磨损,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损、黏着磨损和电弧腐蚀磨损。     

材料干滑动摩擦磨损性能的研究进展

介绍高温、高速、载流、气氛、磁场等苛刻条件下材料的干滑动摩擦磨损特性的研究方法和研究结果。得到以下几点结论:材料的干摩擦磨损特性与速度、载荷之间存在着对应关系,当pv值超过临界值后,材料的摩擦因数和磨损率发生突变;摩擦面温度的升高会降低材料的干摩擦磨损性能;环境气氛的改变不影响金属摩擦副pv特性的基本规律,但显著影响其摩擦因数和磨损率数值的大小;电流的存在恶化材料的干摩擦性能;施加磁场可显著改善材料的摩擦磨损性能,并且磁场强度是影响材料干摩擦特性的主要因素。     

Tribological behavior of polyoxymethylene in water-lubricated friction against steel

The paper presents the results of testing of block specimens of polyoxymethylene in water-lubricated sliding boundary friction against steel. Under these testing conditions, the polymer shows a combination of good antiwear and antifriction properties. With the addition of 1 wt % of fullerene soot to the polyoxymethylene, its wear rate declines considerably, while its friction coefficient remains quite low; its carrying capacity is high and the wear process is stable. The friction coefficient, wear rate, and carrying capacity of modified pilyoxymethylene are compared to those of carbon plastics under similar testing conditions.     

The Study of Arc Rate,Friction, and Wear Performance of C/C Composites in Pantograph–Catenary System

A series of tests on arc rate, friction coefficient, and wear rate of electrical current collectors sliding against overhead contact wires under different conditions was carried out on a high-speed friction and wear testing machine with a pin-on-disc configuration. The worn surface morphology and composition were examined using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersion spectrum analyzer, respectively. The effects of current, velocity, and load on the arc rate, friction coefficient, and wear rate of C/C composites/QCr0.5 couples were investigated, and the influence mechanism of test parameters on C/C composites was explained. It is concluded that the wear rate increases with an increase in current and velocity and has a decreasing trend with the increase in load. The friction coefficient increases with an increase in velocity and load. The arc rate of C/C composites/QCr0.5 couples increases with an increase in current and velocity. Under the condition of the same current and velocity, when the load is 70 N, the arc rate is the lowest.     

电流密度对碳纤维／铜／石墨复合材料摩擦系数的影响

研究了碳纤维／铜／石墨复合材料在纯机械磨损和通以不同电流密度（４～１６Ａ／ｃｍ＾２）的电磨损条件下复合材料磨擦系数的变化情况。结果表明,在复合材料表面形成的自润滑膜使复合材料摩擦系数下降;在纯机械磨损条件下的摩擦系统大于在电磨损条件下的摩擦系数;电流密度的大小对电刷摩擦系数影响不大。     

波动载荷对C/C复合材料/铬青铜摩擦副载流摩擦磨损性能的影响

借助于HST-100高速载流摩擦磨损试验机,研究载荷的波动大小对C/C复合材料/铬青铜摩擦副载流摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用扫描电镜对磨损表面进行观察分析。结果表明:随着载荷波动的加剧,平均电流逐渐减小,载流效率降低,离线率和电弧能量逐渐增大;C/C复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率均呈现先减小然后增大的趋势;摩擦过程中的磨损机制逐渐由磨粒磨损转变为磨粒磨损、电气磨损共同作用。     

Friction and wear behaviour of stainless steel rubbing against copper-impregnated metallized carbon

A series of experimental tests were carried out using stainless steel rubbing against copper-impregnated metallized carbon under electrical current on a pin-on-disc test rig. The test parameters include the sliding speed of 60-100 km/h, normal force of 40-80 N and electrical current of 0-50 A. During testing, the friction coefficient and wear volume were recorded. The topography of worn surfaces was also observed with SEM. The cross sectional profiles of worn surfaces of stainless steel were measured with Ambios profiler. The result displays that electrical current, normal load and sliding speed have a distinct effect on the friction and wear behaviour of stainless steel rubbing against copper-impregnated metallized carbon. Without electric current, the friction coefficient is largest but the wear volume of copper-impregnated metallized carbon is lowest. With increasing electric current, the friction coefficient decreases while the wear volume of copper-impregnated metallized carbon increases. Through the whole test, it is found that the wear loss of stainless steel was light. The wear of copper-impregnated metallized carbon becomes severe when electrical current or sliding speed is high. When the electrical current or sliding speed is high, arc ablation is a dominant wear mechanism of copper-impregnated metallized carbon.     

Some aspects of the friction and wear of electrical sliding contacts under conditions of boundary lubrication

The friction characteristics of lubricated electrical sliding contacts are considered. Data are presented concerning the effects of the current, the lubricant properties, the velocity and the load on the friction and wear behaviour of the contacts. In light-current electrical contacts the effectiveness of the lubricant does not depend on its conductivity but on its ability to prevent the formation of a non-conductive film by lubricating action. Under semifluid lubricating conditions the heavy current acts by discharge through the lubricant film, and the lubricant conductivity generally determines the friction and wear characteristics of the contact. Colloidal metal particles produce additional conductivity in the clearance between the contacting surfaces, prevent electrical erosion and, in some cases, form plastic films which decrease the coefficient of friction and the wear rate of the contact.