Cracked Elastic Bi-Material Layer Under Compressive Loads

The boundary value problem of an elastic bi-material layer containing a finite length crack under compressive mechanical loadings has been studied. The crack is located on the bi-material interface and the contact between crack surfaces is frictionless. Based on Fourier integral transformation techniques the solution of the formulated problem is reduced to the solution of singular integral equation, then, with Chebyshev`s orthogonal polynomials, to infinite system of linear algebraic equations. The expressions for contact stresses in the elastic compound layer are presented. Based on the analytical solution it is found that in the case of frictionless contact the shear and normal stresses have inverse square root singularities at the crack tips. Numerical solutions have been obtained for a series of examples. The results of these examples are illustrated graphically, exposing some novel qualitative and quantitative knowledge about the stress field in the cracked layer and their dependence on geometric and applied loading parameters. It can be seen from this study that the crack tip stress field has a mixture of mode I and mode II type singularities. The numerical solutions show that an interfacial crack under compressive forces can become open in certain parts of the contacting crack surfaces, depending on the applied forces, material properties and geometry of the layers.     

Thermal stresses in a slab containing an annular crack

A linear thermoelastic problem of a slab containing an annular crack is solved. Using integral transform techniques, the problem is reduced to that of solving two singular integral equations of the first kind. The solution of the singular integral equation is obtained in the form of the product of the series of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind and their weight functions. Thus the essential feature of the singular stress field near the crack is preserved and the crack tip stress intensity factor is easily evaluated. Numerical calculations are also carried out and the variations of the stress intensity factors are plotted against the geometry for various values of physical properties.     

An Annular Crack in a Magnetoelectroelastic Layer

A flat annular crack in a magnetoelectroelastic layer subjected to mechanical, electric and magnetic loadings is investigated under magnetoelectrically impermeable boundary condition on the crack surface. Using Hankel transform technique, the mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations. With the aid of Gauss-Chebyshev integration technique, the integral equations are further reduced to a system of algebraic equations. The field intensity factor and energy release rate are determined. Numerical results reveal the effects of electric and magnetic loadings and crack configuration on crack propagation and growth.     

Non-local theory solution of a mode-I crack in a piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composite material plane

The non-local theory solution of a mode-I permeable crack in a piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composite material plane was given by using the generalized Almansi’s theorem and the Schmidt method in this paper. The problem was formulated through Fourier transform into two pairs of dual integral equations, in which the unknown variables are the displacement jumps across the crack surfaces. To solve the dual integral equations, the displacement jumps across the crack surfaces were directly expanded as a series of Jacobi polynomials. Numerical examples were provided to show the effects of the crack length and the lattice parameter on the stress field, the electric displacement field and the magnetic flux field near the crack tips. Unlike the classical elasticity solutions, it is found that no stress, electric displacement and magnetic flux singularities are present at the crack tips in piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composite materials. The non-local elastic solution yields a finite hoop stress at the crack tip, thus allowing us to use the maximum stress as a fracture criterion.     

A finite element stress analysis of a crack in a bi-material plate

A stress analysis is presented for the problem of a crack in one material of a bi-material plate located perpendicular to the material interface. A numerical solution using the finite element techniques to determine the force displacement relationships is used. Knowing this, a work integral method is used to determine the stress intensity factors for the crack. Since the work integral is independent of path, the path of integration can be chosen far enough away from the crack tip to avoid the complications of the crack tip singularity. The problem is studied for a number of cases where the crack length to plate width ratio, distance from crack tip to material interface, and the ratio of material constants were varied as parameters.     

Elastic equilibrium of an interface crack between rigid stamp and orthotropic strip

Rupture of the interface between an absolutely rigid stamp and an orthotropic infinite strip is investigated. A plane elasticity problem for an interface crack formally leads to oscillatory singularities at the crack tip. In order to overcome this nonphysical solution, a model of an interface crack with frictionless contact zones near the crack tips and the corners of the stamp is developed. By using the method of integral Fourier transforms the problem is reduced to a system of three singular integral equations. The system is solved by the method of collocations with the points of collocation chosen at zeros of the Chebyshev polynomials. The stress intensity factors at the crack tips and the stamp corner points are evaluated.     

Transient response of a cracked magnetoelectric material under the action of in-plane sudden impacts

Dynamic analysis of a crack embedded in a magnetoelectric material is made when subjected to in-plane mechanical, electric and magnetic impacts. The Laplace and Fourier transforms are applied to reduce the associated initial- and mixed-boundary value problem to dual integral equations, and then to singular integral equations with Cauchy kernel. By numerically solving the resulting equation, the dynamic field intensity factors as well as CODs, and energy release rates near the crack tip are evaluated and presented graphically. The effects of applied magnetic and electric impacts on crack growth are discussed. Obtained results show that, different from the static results, applied magnetic and electric impacts can strongly affect dynamic stress intensity factors.     

Two bonded half planes with a crack going through the interface

The plane problem of two bonded elastic half planes containing a finite crack perpendicular to and going through the interface is considered. The problem is formulated as a system of singular integral equations with generalized Cauchy kernels. Even though the system has three irregular points, it is shown that the unknown functions are algebraically related at the irregular point on the interface and the integral equations can be solved by a method developed previously. The system of integral equations is shown to yield the same characteristic equation as that for two bonded quarter planes in the general case of the through crack, and the characteristic equation for a crack tip terminating at the interface in the special case. The numerical results given in the paper include the stress intensity factors at the crack tips, the normal and shear components of the stress intensity factors at the singular point on the interface, and the crack surface displacements.     

垂直界面裂纹应力强度因子的加料有限元分析

为求解裂尖位于界面上的垂直双材料界面裂纹应力强度因子,发展了一种加料有限元方法。该方法应用Williams本征函数展开和线性变换方法求解裂尖渐进位移场,将该位移场加入常规单元位移模式中,得到加料垂直界面裂纹单元和过渡单元的位移模式,给出加料有限元方程。建立了典型垂直界面裂纹平面问题的加料有限元模型,求解加料有限元方程直接得到应力强度因子,与文献结果对比表明该方法具有较高的精度,可方便地推广应用于垂直界面裂纹的计算分析。     

Scattering of the SH wave from a crack in a piezoelectric substrate bonded to a half-space of functionally graded materials

The scattering of the SH wave from a crack in a piezoelectric substrate which is bonded to a half-space of functionally graded materials (FGM) is studied. The governing equations along with permeable crack boundary, regularity and continuity conditions across the interface are reduced to a coupled set of Cauchy singular integral equations which are solved approximately by applying Chebyshev polynomials. Numerical results for the normalized dynamic stress intensity factors (NDSIF) and the normalized electric displacement intensity factors (NEDIF) are presented. The effects of the geometric and physical parameters, and the effects of the frequency and the angle of incidence on NDSIF and NEDIF are discussed.     

An anisotropic layered material with a crack

Summary The problem of an anisotropic layered material which contains a plane crack in its interior is considered here. The problem is reduced to a set of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind which may be solved iteratively. Once these integral equations are solved, the crack tip stress intensity factors may be readily computed. Numerical results for some particular examples involving transversely isotropic materials are given here.     

Influence of a circular crack on the electromagnetic field in a conductor

The problem of scattering of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on circular cracks is reduced by the method of small parameter to a system of hypersingular integral equations of the Newton-potential type. For the solution of these equations, we propose to use the method of orthogonal polynomials of two variables. It is shown that the electric dipole whose moment is proportional to the normal component of the sounding field is an electrodynamic analog of the crack.     

Boundary integral equations for notch problems in an anisotropic half-space

A crack or a hole embedded in an anisotropic half-plane space subjected to a concentrated force at its surface is analyzed. Based on the Stroh formalism and the fundamental solutions to the half-plane solid due to point dislocations, the problem can be formulated by a system of boundary integral equations for the unknown dislocation densities defined on the crack or hole border. These integral equations are then reduced to algebraic equations by using the properties of the Chebyshev polynomials in conjunction with the appropriate transformations. Numerical results have been carried out for both crack problems and hole problems to elucidate the effect of geometric configurations on the stress intensity factors and the stress concentration.     

A magneto-electro-elastic material with a penny-shaped crack subjected to temperature loading

Summary The analysis of intensity factors for a penny-shaped crack under thermal, mechanical, electrical and magnetic boundary conditions becomes a very important topic in fracture mechanics. An exact solution is derived for the problem of a penny-shaped crack in a magneto-electro-thermo-elastic material in a temperature field. The problem is analyzed within the framework of the theory of linear magneto-electro-thermo-elasticity. The coupling features of transversely isotropic magneto-electro-thermo-elastic solids are governed by a system of partial differential equations with respect to the elastic displacements, the electric potential, the magnetic potential and the temperature field. The heat conduction equation and equilibrium equations for an infinite magneto-electro-thermo-elastic media are solved by means of the Hankel integral transform. The mathematical formulations for the crack conditions are derived as a set of dual integral equations, which, in turn, are reduced to Abel's integral equation. Solution of Abel's integral equation is applied to derive the elastic, electric and magnetic fields as well as field intensity factors. The intensity factors of thermal stress, electric displacement and magnetic induction are derived explicitly for approximate (impermeable or permeable) and exact (a notch of finite thickness crack) conditions. Due to its explicitness, the solution is remarkable and should be of great interest in the magneto-electro-thermo-elastic material analysis and design.     

A boundary integral approach for plane analysis of electrically semi-permeable planar cracks in a piezoelectric solid

A plane electro-elastostatic problem involving arbitrarily located planar stress free cracks which are electrically semi-permeable is considered. Through the use of the numerical Green's function for impermeable cracks, the problem is formulated in terms of boundary integral equations which are solved numerically by a boundary element procedure together with a predictor–corrector method. The crack tip stress and electric displacement intensity factors can be easily computed once the boundary integral equations are properly solved.     

A moving Griffith crack at the interface of two dissimilar elastic layers

The anti-plane shear problem of a Griffith crack traveling with a constant velocity at the interface of two dissimilar isotropic elastic layers is considered. Integral transform method is used to reduce the problem to the solution of a singular integral equation which is further reduced, by using Chebyshev polynomials, to a system of algebraic equations. The results for the particular cases of a moving Griffith crack at the interface of a layer and a half-space and two half-spaces are derived. Numerical results for the stress intensity factor are displayed graphically.     

Dynamic stress intensity factors of two 3D rectangular permeable cracks in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric material under a time‐harmonic elastic P‐wave

The dynamic behavior of two 3D rectangular permeable cracks in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric material is investigated under an incident harmonic stress wave by using the generalized Almansi's theorem and the Schmidt method. The problem is formulated through double Fourier transform into three pairs of dual integral equations with the displacement jumps across the crack surfaces as the unknown variables. To solve the dual integral equations, the displacement jumps across the crack surfaces are directly expanded as a series of Jacobi polynomials. Finally, the relations among the dynamic stress field and the dynamic electric displacement filed near the crack edges are obtained, and the effects of the shape of the rectangular crack, the characteristics of the harmonic wave, and the distance between two rectangular cracks on the stress and the electric intensity factors in a piezoelectric composite material are analyzed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Moving Mode-III Crack in a Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Strip

In this paper, the problem of a functionally graded piezoelectric strip with a constant-velocity Yoffe-type moving crack is considered. By using the Fourier transforms, the problem is first reduced to dual integral equations and then into Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The electroelastic field near the crack tip is obtained for electrical impermeable boundary conditions and electrical permeable boundary conditions, respectively. The results obtained show that the gradient of the material properties can increase or decrease the magnitudes of the stress intensity factors, and the velocity can disturb the stress distribution near the crack tip.     

The central crack problem for a functionally graded piezoelectric strip

In this paper the dynamic anti-plane problem for a functionally graded piezoelectric strip containing a central crack vertical to the boundary is considered. The crack is assumed to be electrically impermeable or permeable. Integral transforms and dislocation density functions are employed to reduce the problem to Cauchy singular integral equations. Numerical results show the effects of loading combination parameter, material gradient parameter and crack configuration on the dynamic response. With the permeable assumption, the electric impact has no contribution to the crack tip field singularity. With the impermeable assumption, the direction of applied electric impact loading plays a great role in the behavior of dynamic stress intensity factor, and the existence of electric load always enhances the crack propagation. However, the crack is easier to propagate under the negative electric load than that under the positive electric load.     

Dynamic behavior of a crack in a functionally graded piezoelectric strip bonded to two dissimilar half piezoelectric material planes

Summary. The dynamic behavior of a crack in a functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) strip bonded to two half dissimilar piezoelectric material planes subjected to combined harmonic anti-plane shear wave and in-plane electrical loading was studied under the limited permeable and permeable electric boundary conditions. It was assumed that the elastic stiffness, piezoelectric constant and dielectric permittivity of the functionally graded piezoelectric layer vary continuously along the thickness of the strip. By using the Fourier transform, the problem can be solved with a set of dual integral equations in which the unknown variables are the jumps of the displacements and the electric potentials across the crack surfaces. In solving the dual integral equations, the jumps of the displacements and the electric potentials across the crack surfaces were expanded in a series of Jacobi polynomials. Numerical results illustrate the effects of the gradient parameter of FGPM, electric loading, wave number, thickness of FGPM strip and electric boundary conditions on the dynamic stress intensity factors (SIFs).