脉冲磁场对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金组织中溶质含量的影响

在Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金凝固过程中施加脉冲磁场,通过改变脉冲磁场的脉冲频率,研究脉冲磁场对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金凝固的影响.结果表明,脉冲磁场使Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金晶粒细化的同时,在10 Hz外加脉冲磁场条件下使晶粒内部的合金元素Gd和Y的溶质含量增加,晶界析出的共晶含量相应减少.脉冲磁场使熔体内部的带电离子沿磁力线方向自旋运动,以及周期性变化的电场力对带电离子自由振动的抑制作用导致的溶质原子迁移所需的能量势垒增加是晶粒内部Gd、Y元素溶质含量增加的原因.     

脉冲磁场对焊缝凝固组织的影响

以AI - 4.5Cu低温合金作为焊材模拟工业生产中大壁厚钢板焊接过程,施加脉冲磁场作为细化焊缝区晶粒的外场作用源,研究了不同脉冲磁场施加方式、励磁线圈结构、脉冲磁场参数变化以及凝固工艺参数对焊缝凝固组织的影响.试验结果表明,施加脉冲磁场能改善焊缝凝固组织,使柱状晶向等轴晶转化,细化焊缝区晶粒;特别在E形线圈横向脉冲磁场作用下的焊缝凝固组织细化效果更为明显.     

脉冲磁场作用下矩形截面宽厚比对K4169高温合金晶粒细化的影响

研究了脉冲磁场作用下K4169高温合金矩形截面试件的凝固组织以及具有不同宽厚比矩形截面试件的晶粒细化效果,计算模拟了脉冲磁场作用下试件熔体中电磁场和流场的分布情况,并对细化机理进行了分析.实验结果表明,施加脉冲磁场后,K4169高温合金矩形试件的凝固组织得到了不同程度的细化,当试件宽厚比为1时,施加脉冲磁场可以使凝固组织晶粒显著细化;随着试件宽厚比增大,脉冲磁场的晶粒细化效果减弱.计算模拟结果表明,脉冲磁场在熔体中产生周期性的压-拉电磁力,导致熔体产生周期性振荡和呈环流形式的对流.在相同磁感应强度的脉冲磁场作用下,试件宽厚比越接近1,试件内的电磁力和流速越大,有利于模壁晶核游离及枝晶臂破碎,从而使晶粒得到细化.     

镁合金低压脉冲磁场晶粒细化

提出一种低压脉冲磁场合金晶粒细化技术,分析常规铸造和半连续铸造条件下,低压脉冲磁场对镁合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明:脉冲磁场对AZ31、AZ91D、AZ80、AM60、AS31和Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金均有显著的细化效果。施加脉冲磁场后,初生α-Mg形态发生明显球化,由粗大、发达的枝晶变为细小的蔷薇状,且溶质偏析显著降低。采用商用ANSYS软件分析了电磁力、流场以及焦耳热对熔体的影响规律,从形核和生长角度分析了脉冲磁场下镁合金晶粒细化机制,依据界面稳定性理论提出了脉冲磁场下镁合金晶粒球化模型。     

机械振动耦合脉冲磁场对GH4169合金组织与性能的影响

研究了脉冲电压、脉冲频率和浇注温度对机械振动耦合脉冲磁场处理GH4169合金凝固组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,在脉冲电压为200～300 V、脉冲频率为1～5 Hz条件下,随着脉冲电压或者脉冲频率的提高,GH4169合金中粗大的树枝晶逐渐转变为细小等轴晶,合金的晶粒尺寸不断减小、等轴晶比例不断增加,合金的抗拉强度不断增加而伸长率有所降低,但都明显高于未施加复合处理的合金;随着浇注温度的升高,未施加复合处理的GH4169合金的平均晶粒尺寸不断增加,而复合处理工艺下合金的平均晶粒尺寸不断减小;相同浇注温度下,机械振动耦合脉冲磁场复合处理的合金的抗拉强度和断后伸长率都明显高于未施加处理的合金;机械振动耦合脉冲磁场复合作用可以明显细化GH4169合金的凝固组织,合金的力学性能大幅度提高。     

低压脉冲磁场对A357合金组织及阻尼性能的影响

研究了低压脉冲磁场对A357合金凝固组织及阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,低压脉冲磁场对A357合金凝固组织中初生α-Al相和共晶Si相具有显著的细化和变质作用。施加磁场处理后,T6态A357合金的阻尼性能显著提高。当在室温、频率为1 Hz和应变振幅为0.01%的条件下,经磁场处理的T6态A357合金的阻尼值达到了0.014 2,较未施加磁场处理的A357合金提高了170%。随着频率的增加,经磁场处理的T6态A357合金的阻尼值逐渐降低。     

电磁振荡下半连铸Al合金凝固组织的细化机制

在半连铸7075铝合金过程中, 通过同时施加稳恒磁场和交变磁场的方法, 使凝固熔体产生受迫振荡, 研究了电磁振荡的强度和频率对晶粒细化的影响规律. 对电磁振荡作用下, 合金凝固组织的细化机理进行了探讨. 结果表明 电磁振荡法获得的晶粒尺寸要较CREM法所获得的小, 且随着电磁振荡强度增加及频率降低, 铸锭整体组织变得更加细小和均匀.     

脉冲磁场对AZ31镁合金组织及压缩性能的影响

研究了在AZ31变形镁合金熔体凝固过程中施加脉冲磁场对其组织及压缩性能的影响。在设定的浇注温度下,考察了脉冲电压、脉冲频率及模具温度对合金的初生相形貌和晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,脉冲磁场可有效细化AZ31镁合金的组织;脉冲电压在0~300V范围内,脉冲频率在1~10Hz时,随着脉冲电压或脉冲频率的增加,合金的平均晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,初生相由发达的树枝晶退化成等轴晶和蔷薇晶。当模具温度在20~600℃时,AZ31镁合金的凝固组织出现先细化后粗化现象,拐点值为200℃;与常规铸造工艺相比,脉冲磁场对合金的压缩性能有明显影响,当脉冲电压为300V,脉冲频率为5Hz,浇注温度为720℃,模具温度为200℃时,合金的抗压强度达到340.87 MPa,抗压强度提高了71.40%,压缩率提高了75.14%。     

脉冲磁场-机械振动复合作用下K4169高温合金凝固组织的细化

对比研究了未处理、脉冲磁场处理、机械振动处理和脉冲磁场-机械振动复合处理对K4169高温合金凝固组织和力学性能的影响,并考察了复合处理条件下不同的脉冲电压、脉冲频率及浇注温度时合金的初生相形貌。结果表明:经脉冲磁场-机械振动复合处理后,合金的晶粒尺寸由4.5 mm细化至0.98 mm,断面等轴晶比例由36%提高至96%,且细化效果均好于单一的脉冲磁场处理或机械振动处理,同时合金的抗拉强度和延伸率较常规铸造条件下分别提高了49.2%,37.3%。随着脉冲电压或脉冲频率增加,合金的初生相逐渐退化,由发达的树枝晶变成细小的等轴晶或蔷薇状晶体。在1380~1530℃范围内,随浇注温度的提高,复合处理后合金的初生相不断细化。     

Ti和脉冲磁场对Al-4.5Cu合金凝固组织的影响

对比研究了未处理、Ti处理、脉冲磁场处理、Ti-脉冲磁场复合处理对Al-4.5Cu合金凝固组织的影响,同时对比了复合处理条件下不同的脉冲电压对合金凝固组织的影响。研究表明:Ti处理、脉冲磁场处理和复合处理均可以细化合金凝固组织,且复合处理的细化效果最为显著。复合处理条件下,在0～270 V范围内,随着脉冲电压的增加,合金凝固组织逐渐细化,合金的第二相分布情况基本与晶粒大小对应,即晶粒越小,第二相分布越均匀。     

Microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy solidified with pulsed magnetic field

The effects of pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of an AZ91D magnesium alloy were investigated. The experimental results show that the remarkable microstructural refinement is achieved when the pulsed magnetic field is applied in the solidification of AZ91D alloy. The average grain size of the as-cast microstructure of AZ91D alloy is refined to 104 μm. Besides the grain refinement, the morphology of the primary α-Mg is changed from dendritic to rosette, then to globular shape with changing the parameters of the pulsed magnetic field. The pulsed magnetic field causes melt convection during solidification, which makes the temperature of the whole melt homogenized, and produces an undercooling zone in front of the liquid/solid interface by the magnetic pressure, which makes the nucleation rate increased and big dendrites prohibited. In addition, primary α-Mg dendrites break into fine crystals, resulting in a refined solidification structure of the AZ91D alloy. The Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and spheroidization of dendrite arms.     

Microstructure refinement of AZ31 alloy solidified with pulsed magnetic field

The effects of a pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of an AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated. The experimental results show that the remarkable microstructural refinement is achieved when the pulsed magnetic field is applied to the solidification of the AZ31 alloy. The average grain size of the as-cast microstructure of the AZ31 alloy is refined to 107 μm. By quenching the AZ31 alloy, the different primary α-Mg microstructures are preserved during the course of solidification. The microstructure evolution reveals that the primary α-Mg generates and grows in globular shape with pulsed magnetic field, contrast with the dendritic shape without pulsed magnetic field. The pulsed magnetic field causes melt convection during solidification, which makes the temperature of the whole melt homogenized, and produces an undercooling zone in front of the liquid/solid interface, which makes the nucleation rate increased and big dendrites prohibited. In addition, the Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and spheroidization of dendrite arms.     

Grain refinement of Al-Cu alloy in low voltage pulsed magnetic field

The effect of a low voltage pulsed magnetic field (LVPMF) on grain refinement of Al-Cu alloy was investigated at different solidification stages. The cooling curve was also studied to investigate the grain refinement mechanism of LVPMF. The fine grains are obtained by applying the LVPMF during the nucleation stage. The LVPMF has no obvious influence on the solidification structure when it is applied during liquid phase stage or crystal growth stage. Application of LVPMF increases the nucleation temperature of the isomorphous transformation, and also decreases the recalescence magnitude of the alloy. The refining mechanism was proposed that the LVPMF provides extra energy for nucleation, which decreases the energy barrier and the critical radius for nucleation, leading to high nucleation rate and grain refinement.     

Grain refinement of Sn-Pb alloy under a novel combined pulsed magnetic field during solidification

The combined pulsed magnetic field (C-PMF) obtained by simultaneously imposing pulsed and static magnetic field during solidification has been proposed to refine the solidification structure. Compared to the imposition of a single pulsed magnetic field, a more refined structure can be observed under C-PMF. The key factors to affect grain refinement under C-PMF consisted of the vibration frequency characterized by the static magnetic field, pulsed discharge voltage, and the vibration frequency characterized by the pulsed discharge frequency. The microstructure revealed that the grain size decreased with the increasing static magnetic field. The pulsed discharge voltage had an optimum value for obtaining fine grains. Furthermore, when the pulsed discharge frequency was equal to the intrinsic frequency of the liquid metal in a filled cylindrical vessel, resonance vibration occurred in the liquid surface, and grain refinement was promoted.     

Refinement mechanism of low voltage pulsed magnetic field on solidification structure of silicon steel

The grain refinement of a silicon steel solidified with a low voltage pulsed magnetic field (LVPMF) was investigated by experiments and modeling. The experiment results show that complete fine equiaxed grains are acquired by applying the LVPMF. The effects of process parameters, such as the melt cooling rate and superheating on the solidification structure, were also studied. Complete fine equiaxed grains can be obtained under a larger range of cooling rate or superheating when the LVPMF is applied. The magnetic force and the melt flow during solidification were modeled and simulated to reveal the grain refinement mechanism. The simulation results show that the LVPMF has a double role in electromagnetic convection and electromagnetic vibration on the alloy melt. We propose the refining mechanism: The melt vibration and convection can promote nucleus multiplication, which contributes to heterogeneous nucleation enhancement and leads to a high nucleation rate and grain refinement.     

强脉冲磁场对Al-Cu共晶合金定向凝固组织的影响

用自行研制的脉冲磁场发生装置，研究了在强脉冲磁场作用下Al-Cu共晶合金的定向凝固组织，分析了脉冲磁场强度对合金定向凝固组织的影响。结果表明：脉冲磁场对Al-Cu合金凝固组织有着显著的细化作用：脉冲磁场强度对细化效果起着关键性的作用；同时指出了实验中的新现象和新问题。     

磁场类型对金属凝固机理的影响研究综述*

利用磁场辅助制备的合金综合性能优异,广泛应用在工业生产、交通运输、航空航天等领域。不同磁场参数环境下合金硬度、耐磨性等服役性能有所差异,作用机理复杂多变。对新工艺驱动下不同磁场对金属凝固过程的作用规律进行总结, 弥补目前磁场辅助金属表面加工方法的研究短板,对金属表面工程发展有重大意义。归纳科研人员在不同磁场环境对金属表面加工的研究探索,分析对比金属材料在不同类型磁场环境下的晶核形核和生长过程差异,总结金属凝固过程在不同磁场下的变化规律,如晶界形貌改善、形核率提高、晶粒细化等。从晶粒微观形貌和合金宏观性能表现两方面出发,分析磁场作用下熔体内部传热传质变化,揭示稳恒磁场、脉冲磁场和交变磁场对金属凝固影响的作用机理,讨论不同参数的磁场对熔体作用效果差异,如磁场对熔池内部流动扰动、熔体内带电粒子受到的洛伦兹力等。综上,晶粒细化、合金性能提高是磁场作用下熔池传热传质变化和磁场作用力的综合体现。综合研究对比稳恒磁场、脉冲磁场和交变磁场对金属凝固的作用特点和作用机理,综述金属凝固领域当前热点问题,有助于统一磁场环境下金属凝固机理的争论,填补磁场环境下金属表面加工工艺的空白,对推进高性能金属表面制备研究有借鉴意义。     

Simulation of electromagnetic-flow fields in Mg melt under pulsed magnetic field

The effects of a pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of pure Mg were investigated.The results show that microstructure of pure Mg is considerably refined via columnar-to-equiaxed growth under the pulsed magnetic field and the average grain size is refined to 260μm under the optimal processing conditions.A mathematical model was built to describe the interaction of the electromagnetic-flow fields during solidification with ANSYS software.The pulsed electric circuit was first solved and the...